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By the late 1970s and early 1980s, as many of the actual participants had grown older, moved on to other issues or died, this led to misunderstandings as to who had actually participated in the Stonewall riots, who had actually organized the subsequent demonstrations, marches and memorials, and who had been members of early activist organizations such as ] and ]. The language has become more accurate and inclusive, though these changes met with initial resistance from some in their own communities who were unaware of the historical events.<ref></ref> Changing first to ''Lesbian and Gay'', today most are called ''Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual and Transgender'' (LGBT) or simply "Pride". By the late 1970s and early 1980s, as many of the actual participants had grown older, moved on to other issues or died, this led to misunderstandings as to who had actually participated in the Stonewall riots, who had actually organized the subsequent demonstrations, marches and memorials, and who had been members of early activist organizations such as ] and ]. The language has become more accurate and inclusive, though these changes met with initial resistance from some in their own communities who were unaware of the historical events.<ref></ref> Changing first to ''Lesbian and Gay'', today most are called ''Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual and Transgender'' (LGBT) or simply "Pride".


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==Notable pride events==
{{main|List of LGBT events}}
===Amsterdam===
]'s pride parade is held in the canals that surround the city]]
The ] in the ] Gay Pride has been held since 1996 and can be seen as one of the most successful in acquiring social acceptance. The weekend-long event involves concerts, sports tournaments, street parties and most importantly the Canal Pride, a parade on boats on the canals of Amsterdam. In 2008 three government ministers joined on their own boat, representing the whole cabinet. Mayor of Amsterdam ] also joined. About 500,000 visitors were reported. 2008 was also the first year large Dutch international corporations ] and ] sponsored the event.

===Australia===
], is one of the world's largest and is held at night]]

The ] is the largest ]n pride event and one of the largest in the world.<ref name="abc2009">{{cite web |url=http://www.abc.net.au/news/stories/2009/03/08/2510295.htm |title=Economic woes fail to rain on Mardi Gras parade |accessdate=2009-06-17 |date=2009-03-09 |work=] |publisher=] }}</ref> The celebrations emerged during the early 1980s after arrests were made during pro-]s ]s that began in 1978. The parade is held at night with nearly 10,000 participants on and around elaborate floats representing topical themes as well as political messages.<ref name="abc2009"/><ref>{{cite web
|url=http://mardigras.org.au/internal.cfm?sub=Parade&nav=Mardi%20Gras%202009
|title=Mardi Gras 2009 Parade |work=New Mardi Gras |publisher=mardigras.org.au |accessdate=2009-01-17 }}</ref>

===Belgrade===
On 30 June 2001, several ] attempted to hold the country's first Pride march, in ]. When the participants started to gather in one of the city's principal squares, a huge crowd of opponents attacked the event, injuring several participants and stopping the march. The police were not equipped to suppress riots or protect the Pride marchers. Some of the victims of the attack took refuge in a student cultural centre, where a discussion was to follow the Pride march. Opponents surrounded the building and stopped the forum from happening. There were further clashes between police and opponents of the Pride march, and several police officers were injured.

]s and a number of public personalities criticized the assailants, the government and security officials. Government officials did not particularly comment on the event, nor were there any consequences for the approximately 30 young men arrested in the riots. Serbia remains a hostile environment for the LGBTQ population, and all attempts to organize subsequent Pride marches have failed.

On 20th of September 2009, again it was planned to hold to organize a Belgrade Pride. However due to the threat of actions by extreme right protesters, the city government of Belgrade issued a complete ban on public manifestations in the weekend, effectively banning the 2009 Belgrade Pride.<ref>
Majda, 19 September 2009.</ref>

===Eastern European Pride===
] in ], ]]]
The very first Eastern European Pride, called '']'', was assumed to be a promotion of the human right to freedom of assembly in ] and other Eastern European states, where such rights of the LGBT population are not respected, and a support for organizing the very first Prides in that communities. Out of all ex-] states, only ] and Croatia have a tradition of organizing Pride events, whereas the attempt to organize such an event in ], ] in 2001, ended in a bloody showdown between the police and the counter-protesters, with the participants heavily beaten up. This manifestation was held in ], Croatia from 22-25 June 2006 and brought together representatives of those Eastern European and ] countries where the sociopolitical climate is not ripe for the organization of Prides, or where such a manifestation is expressly forbidden by the authorities. From 13 countries that participated, only ], ], Croatia, ] and ] have been organizing Prides, and ], ], ], ] and ] have never had Prides before. There were also representatives from ], that participated apart from Serbia. It was the very first Pride organized jointly with other states and nations, which only ten years ago have been at war with each other. Weak cultural, political and social cooperation exists among these states, with an obvious lack of public encouragement for solidarity, which organizers hoped to initiate through that regional Pride event.

===India===
On June 29, 2008, four Indian cities (Delhi, Bangalore, Pondicherry, and Kolkata) saw coordinated pride events. A rainbow parade was held at Chennai the next day. About 2200 people turned up overall. These were also the first pride events of all these cities except Kolkata, which had seen its first such event in 1999. The pride parades were successful, given that no right-wing group attacked or protested against the pride parade, although the conservative opposition party BJP expressed its disagreement with the concept of gay pride parade. The next day, Prime Minister Manmohan Singh appealed for greater social tolerance towards homosexuals at an AIDS event. On August 16, 2008 (one day after the Independence Day of India), the gay community in Mumbai held its first ever formal pride parade (although informal pride parades had been held many times earlier), to demand that India's anti-gay laws be amended.<ref> </ref> A high court in the Indian capital, Delhi ruled on 2 July 2009, that homosexual intercourse between consenting adults was not a criminal act.<ref> </ref>

===Jerusalem===
On 30 June 2005, the fourth annual Pride march of ] took place. It had originally been prohibited by a municipal ban which was cancelled by the court. Many of the religious leaders of Jerusalem's Muslim, Jewish, and Christian communities had arrived to a rare consensus asking the municipal government to cancel the permit of the paraders. During the parade, a ] Jewish man attacked three people with a kitchen knife.

Another parade, this time billed as an international event (see ), was scheduled to take place in the summer of 2005, but was postponed to 2006 due to the stress on police forces during in the summer of ]. In 2006, it was again postponed due to the ]. It was scheduled to take place in Jerusalem on 10 November 2006, and caused a wave of protests by Haredi Jews around central Israel.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.israelnationalnews.com/news.php3?id=114609|title=9 Protesters Detained at Anti-Gay Pride Demonstration|publisher=]|date=2006-11-01}}</ref> The ] had filed a petition to cancel the parade due to foreseen strong opposition. Later, an agreement was reached to convert the parade into an assembly inside the ] stadium in Jerusalem. 21 June 2007, the ] organization succeeded in staging a parade in central Jerusalem after police allocated thousands of personnel to secure the general area. The rally planned afterwards was canceled due to an unrelated national fire department strike which prevented proper permits from being issued.

===Latvia===
{{main|Riga Pride and Friendship Days}}

On 22 July 2005, the first ]n gay pride march took place in ], surrounded by protesters. It had previously been banned by the city council, and the ], ], opposed the event, stating Riga should "not promote things like that", however a court decision allowed the march to go ahead.<ref></ref> In 2006, LGBT people in Latvija attempted a Parade but were assaulted by "No Pride" protesters, an incident sparking a storm of international media pressure and protests from the European Parliament at the failure of the Latvijan authorities to adequately protect the Parade so that it could proceed.

In 2007, following international pressure, a Pride Parade was held once again in Riga with 4500 people parading around Vermanes Park, protected physically from "No Pride" protesters by 1500 Latvijan police, ringing the inside and the outside of the iron railings of the park. Two fire crackers were exploded with one being thrown from outside at the end of the Festival as participants were moving off to the buses. This caused some alarm but no injury but participants did have to run the gauntlet of "No Pride" abuse as they ran to the buses. They were driven to a railway station on the outskirts of Riga, from where they went to a post Pride "relax" at the seaside resort of Jurmala. Participants included MEPs, Amnesty International observers and random individuals who traveled from abroad to support LGBT Latvijans and their friends and families.
In 2008, Riga Pride was held in the historically potent 11 November Krestmalu (Square) beneath the Presidential castle. The participants heard speeches from MEPs and a message of support from the Latvijan President. The square was not open and was isolated from the public with some participants having trouble getting past police cordons. About 300 No Pride protesters gathered on the bridges behind barricades erected by the police who kept Pride participants and the "No Pride" protesters separated. Participants were once more "bussed" out but this time a 5 min journey to central Riga.

===Philippines===
{{see also|LGBT rights in the Philippines}}
On 26 June 1994, on the 25th Anniversary of the Stonewall Riots, Progressive Organization of Gays in the Philippines (ProGay Philippines) and Metropolitan Community Church (MCC) Manila organized the First LGBT Pride March in Asia, marching from EDSA to Quezon Avenue (Quezon City, Metro Manila, Philippines) and highlighting broad social issues. At Quezon City Memorial Circle, a program was held with a Queer Pride Mass and solidarity remarks from various organizations and individuals.

In 1995 MCC, ProGay Philippines and other organizations held internal celebrations. In 1996, 1997 and 1998 large and significant marches were organized and produced by Reachout AIDS Foundation, all of which were held in Malate, Manila, Philippines. In 1998, the year of the centennial commemoration of the Republic of the Philippines, a Gay and Lesbian Pride March was incorporated in the mammoth "citizens' parade" which was part of the official centennial celebration. That parade culminated in "marching by" the President of the Philippines, His Excellency Joseph Estrada, at the Quirino Grandstand in Luneta Park in Manila.

In 1999, Task Force Pride Philippines (TFP), a network of LGBT and LGBT-friendly groups and individuals seeking to promote positive visibility for the LGBT community was born. Since then TFP has been organizing the annual Metro Manila Pride March. In 2003, decided to move the Pride March from June to the December Human Rights Week to coincide with related human rights activities such as World AIDS Day (December 1), Philippine National Lesbian Day (December 8), and International Human Rights Day (December 10).

On 10 December 2005, the First LGBT Freedom March, with the theme "CPR: Celebrating Pride and Rights" was held along the streets of España and Quiapo in Manila, Philippines. Concerned that the prevailing economic and political crisis in the country at the time presented threats to freedoms and liberties of all Filipinos, including sexual and gender minorities, LGBT individuals and groups, non-government organizations and members of various commmunities and sectors organized the LGBT Freedom March calling for systemic and structural change. At historic Plaza Miranda, in front of Quiapo Church, despite the pouring rain, a program with performances and speeches depicting LGBT pride was held soon after the march.

===Poland===
In 2005, a gay pride observance in Warsaw was forbidden by local authorities (including then-Mayor ]) but occurred nevertheless. The ban was later declared a violation of the European Convention on Human Rights (]). In 2008, more than 1,800 people joined the march.

===Russia===
Prides in Russia are generally banned by city authorities in ] and ], due to opposition from politicians, religious leaders and right-wing organizations. Moscow Mayor ] has described the proposed ] as the "work of Satan". Attempted parades have led to clashes between protesters and counter-protesters, with the police acting to keep the two apart and disperse participants. In 2007 British activist ] was punched. <ref name=SMH> </ref> This was not the case in the high profile attempted march in May 2009, during the Eurovision singing contest. In this instance the police played an active role in arresting pride marchers. The ] has ruled that Russia has until January 20, 2010 to respond to cases of pride parades being banned in 2006, 2007 and 2008.<ref> October 7, 2009 UK Gay News via GayRussia.ru.</ref>

===Spain===
Madrid Pride Parade, known as "Orgullo Gay", is held the first Saturday after June 28 since 1979. The event is organised by ] (Madrid GLTB Collective) and ] (Spanish Federation of Lesbians, Gays, Transexuals and Bisexuals) and supported by other national and international LGTB groups. The first Gay Parade in Madrid was held after the death of ], with the arrival of democracy, in 1979. Since then, dozens of companies like ], ] and ] and several political parties and trade unions, including ], ], ], ] and ] have been supporting the parade. Madrid Pride Parade is actually the biggest gay demonstration in Europe, with more than 1.5 million attendees in 2009 according to the ].

In 2007, ], the European Pride Parade, took place in ]. About 2.5 million people attended more than 300 events over a week in the Spanish capital to celebrate Spain as the country with the most developed LGBT rights in the world. Independent media estimated that more than 200 000 visitors came from foreign countries to join in the festivities. Madrid gay district ], the biggest gay district in Europe, was the centre of the celebrations. The event was supported by the city, regional and national government and private sector which also ensured that the event was financially successful. ], ] and ] hold also local Pride Parades. In 2008 ] hosted the ].

===Taiwan===
] participating in ] in Taipei in 2005.]]
{{Main|Taiwan Pride}}
On 1 November 2003 the first LGBT pride parade in Taiwan, ], was held in Taipei with over 1,000 people attending, and the mayor of Taipei, later president, ]. Homosexuality remains ] in Taiwan, and many participants wore masks to hide their identities. The most recent parade, held in September 2008, attracted between approximately 18,000 participants, making it one of the largest gay pride events in Asia,<ref> , ]</ref>, second only to ] gay parade.<ref> , AFP</ref>

===Toronto===
] pride parade in downtown Montreal]]
{{main|Pride Week (Toronto)}}
In recent decades Toronto has emerged as a leader on progressive gay and lesbian policy in North America. Its activists scored a major victory in 2003 when the Ontario Court of Appeals upheld a lower court ruling which made same-sex marriage legal in Ontario, the first jurisdiction in North America to do so.<ref> </ref> By this time the Toronto Pride Week Festival had been running for twenty-three years, making it one of the world's longest running organized Pride celebrations. It is also one of the largest, attracting around 1.3 million people in 2009.<ref> </ref> Toronto will host ] in 2014.

===Turkey===
As of 2009, Turkey still constitutes the only Muslim-majority country where there are gay pride marches.{{fact|date=July 2009}} In Istanbul (since 2003) and in Ankara (since 2008) gay marches are being held each year with a small but increasing participation. Gay pride march in Istanbul started with 30 people in 2003 and in 2009 the participation became 3000.


==Opposition== ==Opposition==

Revision as of 20:50, 14 December 2009

2004 Gay Pride Parade in São Paulo, Brazil. In 2006, it was considered the biggest pride parade of the world by the Guinness Book of World Records with an estimated 2.5 million participants.

Pride parades for the LGBT community (also known as gay pride parades, pride events and pride festivals) are events celebrating lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) culture. The events also at times serve as demonstrations for legal rights such as same-sex marriage. Most pride events occur annually and many take place around June to commemorate the Stonewall riots, a pivotal moment in the modern LGBT rights movement.

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Description

Gay Pride Parade in New York City 2008

Many parades still have at least some of the original political or activist character, especially in less accepting settings. However, in more accepting cities, the parades take on a festive or even Mardi Gras-like character. Large parades often involve floats, dancers, drag queens, and amplified music; but even such celebratory parades usually include political and educational contingents, such as local politicians and marching groups from LGBT institutions of various kinds. Other typical parade participants include local LGBT-friendly churches such as Metropolitan Community Churches and Unitarian Universalist Churches, Parents and Friends of Lesbians and Gays (PFLAG), and LGBT employee associations from large businesses.

Even the most festive parades usually offer some aspect dedicated to remembering victims of AIDS and anti-LGBT violence. Some particularly important pride parades are funded by governments and corporate sponsors, and promoted as major tourist attractions for the cities that host them. In some countries, some pride parades are now also called Pride Festivals. Some of these festivals provide a carnival-like atmosphere in a nearby park or city-provided closed-off street, with information booths, music concerts, barbecues, beer stands, contests, sports, and games.

Though the reality was that the Stonewall riots themselves, as well as the immediate and the ongoing political organizing that occurred following them, were events fully participated in by lesbian women, bisexual people and transgender people as well as by gay men of all races and backgrounds, historically these events were first named Gay, the word at that time being used in a more generic sense to cover the entire spectrum of what is now variously called the 'queer' or LGBT community.

By the late 1970s and early 1980s, as many of the actual participants had grown older, moved on to other issues or died, this led to misunderstandings as to who had actually participated in the Stonewall riots, who had actually organized the subsequent demonstrations, marches and memorials, and who had been members of early activist organizations such as Gay Liberation Front and Gay Activists Alliance. The language has become more accurate and inclusive, though these changes met with initial resistance from some in their own communities who were unaware of the historical events. Changing first to Lesbian and Gay, today most are called Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual and Transgender (LGBT) or simply "Pride".

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Opposition

A festive float with costumed dancers at San Francisco Pride 2005.

There is opposition to pride events both within LGBT and mainstream populations. Critics charge the parades with an undue emphasis on sex and fetish-related interests which they see as counter-productive to LGBT interests. The argument is sometimes taken further, arguing that they expose the "gay community" to ridicule. LGBT activists counter that traditional media have played a role in emphasizing the most outlandish and therefore non-representative aspects of the community. This in turn has prompted participants to engage in more flamboyant costumes to gain media coverage. Parody newspaper The Onion satiricised this perceived result of gay pride marches in a fake news piece in 2001.

Social conservatives are sometimes opposed to such events because they view them to be contrary to public morality. This belief is partly based on certain things often found in the parades, such as public nudity, BDSM paraphernalia, and other sexualized features.

See also

References

  3. Marsha P. Johnson
  4. New York Area Bisexual Network: A Brief History of NYC's Bisexual Community
  5. Gay-Pride Parade Sets Mainstream Acceptance Of Gays Back 50 Years, The Onion, April 25, 2001 Issue 37•15.

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