Trentino-Alto Adige/Südtirol: Difference between revisions

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Revision as of 15:57, 10 January 2006 edit71.106.187.188 (talk) rv. sorry Gryf, you're not the only one with a say in this world.← Previous edit		Revision as of 17:47, 10 January 2006 edit undo192.45.72.27 (talk) Enough with this politics, the region in all English maps is Trentino-Alto AdigeNext edit →
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	{{Infobox_RegionIT \|
	name = Trentino-Alto Adige/Südtirol \|
	fullname = Regione Autonoma Trentino-Alto Adige <br/> Autonome Region Trentino-Südtirol <br/> Region Autonòma Trentino-Südtirol\|
	isocode =   \|
	capital = ] (Trient)\|
	governor = ]<br />('']'') \|
	zone = ] \|
	province = ]<br />] \|
	municipality = 339 \|
	arearank = 11th \|
	area = ] \|
	areapercent = 4.5 \|
	population_as_of = 2003 est. \|
	populationrank = 16th \|
	population = 950,495 \|
	populationpercent = 1.6 \|
	populationdensity = 70 \|
	coatofarms = ] \| <!-- Replace with region Coat of Arms -->
	map = ] \|
	}}
	'''Trentino-Alto Adige/Südtirol''' (]: ''Trentino-Alto Adige'', ] and ]: ''Trentino-Südtirol'') is an autonomous ] in northern ]. It consists of two distinct areas, the Italian-speaking ] and the mixed German and Italian-speaking ]. The region was under the ] Empire until its annexation by Italy in ]. It was called '''Venezia Tridentina''' between ] and ].

	==Geography and Economy==

	The region is bordered by Austria to the north and by the Italian regions of ] to the west and ] to the south. It covers ] (5,256 ]). It is extremely mountainous, covering a large part of the ] and the southern ]. The lowest pass across the Alps, the ], is located at the far north of the region on the border with Austria.

	The fertile valleys of Trentino-Alto Adige/Südtirol produce wine, fruit, dairy products and timber, while its industries include paper, chemical and metal production. The region is a major exporter of ] power. Tourism is an important source of revenue and the region is renowned for its winter skiing opportunities, especially in the ] area.

	==Demographics==

	Trentino-Alto Adige/Südtirol has a population of about 940,000 people (460,000 in Bolzano/Bozen and 480,000 in Trento). The main ethnic groups are Italian-speakers (about 60% of the total) and German speakers (a little under 35%), with a small minority speaking the ] (5%).
	In Bolzano/Bozen province or Alto Adige/Südtirol, the majority language is German (about 68% of the population), although in the capital city of the same name Bolzano/Bozen three quarters of the population speak Italian.
	In Trento province or Trentino there are very few German-speakers. They live mainly in the municipality of Luserna/Lusern and four municipalities in the Mocheni/Bersntol Valley. There are also Ladins living in the Fassa Valley.
	Unlike in Alto Adige/Südtirol, the protection of ] groups in Trentino is not covered by the new Statuto d'Autonomia, although it is under current provincial statutes.

	==History==

	From the ] onwards, part of the region was governed by the ]s of ] and ], to whom the ] had given extensive temporal powers over their bishoprics. The rest was part of the ], which, from the ], was a possession of the House of ]. This arrangement ended at the start of the ] with the dissolution of the Empire. The Bishoprics were secularized in ] and given to the Habsburgs. Two years later, following the Austrian defeat at ], the whole region was annexed to the ] ]; after Napoleon defeat, in ], the region returned to Austria. The large Italian minority agitated for unification with Italy, making the issue a key priority for the ] movement in Italian politics.

	During the ], major battles were fought high in the Alps and Dolomites between Austrian and Italian forces, for whom control of the Alto Adige/Südtirol was a key strategic objective. The collapse of the Austrian war effort enabled Italian troops to occupy the region in ] and its annexation was confirmed in the post-war treaties, which awarded the Trentino and Alto Adige/Südtirol to Italy under the terms of the ].

	Under the rule of ], the ] ] of Italy (ruled ]-]), the region was subjected to an intensive programme of forcibly imposed ]: all references to old Tyrol were banned and the region was referred to as "Venezia Tridentina," in an attempt to justify the Italian claims to the area by historically linking the region to the ] (in fact the Republic never ruled Trentino). ] and Mussolini agreed in ] that the German-speaking population would be transferred to German-ruled territory or dispersed around Italy, but the outbreak of the ] prevented them from fully carrying out the relocation. Nevertheless thousands of people were relocated to the Third Reich and only with great difficulties managed to return to their ancestral land after the end of the war.

	In ], when the Italian government signed an armistice with the Allies, the region was occupied by ], which reorganised it as the "Alpenvorland" (literally "Alpine Foreland") and put it under the administration of a ] ]. The region was ''de facto'' annexed to the ] (with the addition of the ]) until the end of the war. This status ended along with the Nazi regime and Italian rule was restored in ].

	Italy and Austria negotiated an agreement in ], put into effect in ] when a new ] was promulgated, that the region would be granted considerable autonomy. German and Italian were both made official languages, and German-language education was permitted once more. However, the implementation of the agreement was not seen as satisfactory by either the German-speaking population or the Austrian government. The issue became the cause of significant friction between the two countries and was taken up by the ] in ]. A fresh round of negotiations took place in ] but proved unsuccessful, partly because of a campaign of ] by German-speaking separatists.

	The issue was only resolved in ] when a new Italian-Austrian treaty was signed and ratified. It stipulated that disputes in Bolzano/Bozen province would be submitted for settlement to the ] in ], that the province would receive greater autonomy from Italy, and that Austria would not interfere in Bolzano/Bozen's internal affairs. The new agreement proved broadly satisfactory to the parties involved and the separatist tensions soon eased. Matters were helped further by Austria's accession to the ] in ], which has helped to improve cross-border cooperation.

	==Politics==

	The regional capital is ] and the region is divided into two autonomous ]: ] and ]. The provincial capitals alternate biennially as the site of the regional parliament.

	The autonomy of both provinces elevates them ''de facto'' to the status of autonomous regions.

	==External links==
	* in Italian and German
	* - introduction to the region's autonomy statute.
	*Tourist information for Trentino
	*Tourist information for Alto Adige/Sudtirol: <br> (main page in German, with a section in English) <br> (main page in Italian, with a section in English)
	*
	*

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Revision as of 17:47, 10 January 2006

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Trentino-Alto Adige