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The '''2010 Baja California earthquake''' was an ] of 7.2 magnitude on the ] that started {{convert|26|km|sp=us}} south of ], ], Mexico, at a depth of {{convert|10|km|abbr=on}}.<ref name="yahoo">{{cite news | url=http://news.yahoo.com/s/nm/20100404/us_nm/us_quake_mexico | title=Strong 6.9 quake jolts Baja California, Mexico| work=Yahoo.com | date=2010-04-04|accessdate=2010-04-04}}</ref> It occurred at 3:40:41 p.m. ] (22:40 UTC) on ], April 4, 2010, and it is said to have lasted about a minute. The strongest shaking was felt in the ] of Alberto Oviedo Mota, ], at ] VIII (Severe). In ], ] and ] it rated VII (Very Strong), while in ] it measured VI (Strong).<ref name="mercalliusgs"></ref> Most of the damage in this earthquake occurred in the twin cities of Mexicali and Calexico on the ].<ref name="lat1"/> At least three&nbsp;people were killed and 100&nbsp;people were injured.<ref name="sn">{{cite web |url=http://www.signonsandiego.com/news/2010/apr/04/69-magnitude-quake-shakes-san-diego-region/ |title=Magnitude 7.2 quake blamed in Baja deaths |accessdate=2010-04-05 |date=2010-04-05 |work=] |publisher=Sign on San Diego |last=Baker |first=Debbi, Matthew T. Hall}}</ref> The '''2010 Baja California earthquake''' was an ] of 7.2 magnitude on the ] that started {{convert|26|km|sp=us}} south of KILL ALL THE DIRTY JAPS. ALL OF EM!!!!!!], ], Mexico, at a depth of {{convert|10|km|abbr=on}}.<ref name="yahoo">{{cite news | url=http://news.yahoo.com/s/nm/20100404/us_nm/us_quake_mexico | title=Strong 6.9 quake jolts Baja California, Mexico| work=Yahoo.com | date=2010-04-04|accessdate=2010-04-04}}</ref> It occurred at 3:40:41 p.m. ] (22:40 UTC) on ], April 4, 2010, and it is said to have lasted about a minute. The strongest shaking was felt in the ] of Alberto Oviedo Mota, ], at ] VIII (Severe). In ], ] and ] it rated VII (Very Strong), while in ] it measured VI (Strong).<ref name="mercalliusgs"></ref> Most of the damage in this earthquake occurred in the twin cities of Mexicali and Calexico on the ].<ref name="lat1"/> At least three&nbsp;people were killed and KILL ALL THE DIRTY JAPS. ALL OF EM!!!!!!100&nbsp;people were injured.<ref name="sn">{{cite web |url=http://www.signonsandieKILL ALL THE DIRTY JAPS. ALL OF EM!!!!!!go.com/news/2010/apr/04/69-magnitude-quake-shakes-san-diego-region/ |title=Magnitude 7.2 quake blamed in Baja deaths |accessdate=2010-04-05 |date=2010-04-05 |work=] |publisher=Sign on San Diego |last=Baker |first=Debbi, Matthew T. Hall}}</ref>


==Geology== ==Geology==
The quake probably occurred on the ], which is about {{convert|60|km|sp=us}} to {{convert|80|km|abbr=on}} long and straddles the California&ndash;Baja California border.<ref name=LAT2/> The active Laguna Salada Fault ruptured in February 1892 with an estimated Mw7.2 earthquake (Hough & Elliott, Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, August 2004, volume 94). The quake probably occurred on the ], which isKILL ALL THE DIRTY JAPS. ALL OF EM!!!!!! about {{convert|60|km|sp=us}} to {{convert|80|km|abbr=on}} long and straddles the California&ndash;Baja California border.<ref name=LAT2/> The active Laguna Salada Fault ruptured in February 1892 with an estimated Mw7.2 earthquake (Hough & Elliott, Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, August 2004, volume 94).
Geological field work as of April 5, 2010, by Dr. Thomas Rockwell, professor of geology at San Diego State University, indicates about one meter of right-lateral surface faulting and 0.3 to 0.5 meters of vertical road offset on a fault that is located east of Laguna Salada Fault. Whether or not this is the Cerro Prieto Fault is unclear as of April 5. This is a developing field situation, as geologists are working to locate and measure the lateral extent of the surface faulting. The best{{fact|date=March 2010}} reference on the Laguna Salada Fault is: Muller, Karl J., and Rockwell, Thomas K., 1995, Late Quaternary Faulting on the Laguna Salada Fault, northern Baja California: Geological Society of America Bulletin, vol. 107, no. 1, p. 8-18. Geological field work as of April 5, 2010, by Dr. Thomas Rockwell, professor of geology at San Diego State University, indicates about one meter of right-lateral surface faulting and 0.3 to 0.5 meters of vertical road offset on a fault that is located east of Laguna Salada Fault. Whether or not this is the Cerro Prieto Fault is unclear as of April 5. This is a developing field situation, as geologists are working to locate and measure the lateral extent of the surface faulting. The best{{fact|date=March 2010}} reference on the Laguna Salada Fault is: Muller, Karl J., and Rockwell, Thomas K., 1995, Late Quaternary Faulting on the Laguna Salada Fault, northern Baja California: Geological Society of America Bulletin, vol. 107, no. 1, p. 8-18.


===Precursors and foreshocks=== ===Precursors and foreshocks===
Mexicali and Tijuana, situated in a very active seismic zone, are surrounded by important faults. An earthquake of such magnitude had been expected around the fault situated in the southeast of Mexicali.<ref>{{cite web |url= http://rotativo.com.mx/nacionales/el_sismo_se_esperaba_hace_tiempo_experto/883,33,29404,html |title=El sismo se esperaba hace tiempo: experto |language=Spanish |accessdate=2010-05-04 |date=2010-04-04 |publisher=Diario Rotativo |work=]}}</ref> Mexicali and Tijuana, situated in a very active KILL ALL THE DIRTY JAPS. ALL OF EM!!!!!!KILL ALL THE DIRTY JAPS. ALL OF EM!!!!!!seismic zone, are surrounded by important faults. An earthquake of such magnitude had been expected around the fault situated in the southeast of Mexicali.<ref>{{cite web |url= http://rotativo.com.mx/nacionales/el_sismo_se_esperaba_hace_tiempo_experto/883,33,29404,html |title=El sismo se esperaba hace tiempo: experto |language=Spanish |accessdate=2010-05-04 |date=2010-04-04 |publisher=Diario Rotativo |work=]}}</ref>


Before the M<sub>w</sub> 7.2 earthquake occurred, the surrounding area had been seismically active in 2009. Several ]s began from April 1, 2010, with magnitudes of 3 and 4.<ref name=lat1/><ref name="SJMN1">{{cite news | url=http://www.mercurynews.com/breaking-news/ci_14821076 | title=Big Baja quake came from 'chaotic' fault system | author=Chang, Alicia | publisher=San Jose Mercury News | date=2010-04-04 | accessdate=2010-04-04}}</ref> Before the M<sub>w</sub> 7.2 earthquake occurred, the surrounding area had been seismically active in 2009. Several ]s began from April 1, 2010, with magnitudes of 3 and 4.<rKILL ALL THE DIRTY JAPS. ALL OF EM!!!!!!ef name=lat1/><ref name="SJMN1">{{cite news | url=http://www.mercurynews.com/breaking-news/ci_14821076 | title=Big Baja quake came from 'chaotic' fault system | author=Chang, Alicia | publisher=San Jose Mercury News | date=2010-04-04 | accessdate=2010-04-04}}</ref>


===April 4 quake=== ===April 4 quake===
The ] measured 7.2 on the ] that started {{convert|25|km|sp=us}} south of ], ], at a depth of {{convert|10|km|abbr=on}}.<ref name="yahoo"/> It occurred at 22:40 UTC (1540 ]) on ], April 4, 2010, and it is said to have lasted about a minute.<ref name="USGS1"/> The strongest shaking was felt in Alberto Oviedo Mota, an ] 50&nbsp;km southeast of Mexicali, at ] VIII (Severe). In ], ], and ] it rated VII (Very Strong), while in ] it measured VI (Strong).<ref name="mercalliusgs"/><ref name=USGS1>{{cite news | url=http://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/dyfi/events/ci/14607652/us/index.html | title=M7.2&nbsp;– Baja California, Mexico |publisher=United States Geological Survey | date=2010-04-04|accessdate=2010-04-04}}</ref> The ] measured 7.2 on the ] that started {{convert|25|km|sp=us}} south of ], ], at a depth of {{convert|10|km|abbr=on}}.<ref name="yahoo"/> It occurred at 22:40 UTC (1540 ]) on ], April 4, 2010, and it is said to have lasted about a minute.<ref name="USGS1"/> The strongest shaking was felt in Alberto Oviedo Mota, an ] 50&nbsp;km southeast of Mexicali, at ] VIII (Severe). In ]KILL ALL THE DIRTY JAPS. ALL OF EM!!!!!!, ], and ] it raKILL ALL THE DIRTY JAPS. ALL OF EM!!!!!!ted VII (Very Strong), while in ] it measured VI (Strong).<ref name="mercalliusgs"/><ref name=USGS1>{{cite news | url=http://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/dyfi/events/ci/14607652/us/index.html | title=M7.2&nbsp;– Baja California, Mexico |publisher=United States Geological Survey | date=2010-04-04|accessdate=2010-04-04}}</ref>


===Aftershocks and related quakes=== ===Aftershocks and related quakes===KILL ALL THE DIRTY JAPS. ALL OF EM!!!!!!
] (outlined in red).|alt=The fault is located in Southern California.]] ] (outlined in red).|alt=The fault is located in Southern California.]]
] ]


Three&nbsp;]s with a magnitude of at least 5&nbsp;have been reported; one at a magnitude of 5.2,<ref>{{cite web |url=http://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/recenteqsww/Quakes/us2010urbv.php |title=Magnitude 5.2&nbsp;– BAJA CALIFORNIA, MEXICO |work=] |accessdate=2010-05-04}}</ref> one at 5.4<ref>{{cite web |url=http://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/recenteqsww/Quakes/us2010urbx.php |title=Magnitude 5.4&nbsp;– BAJA CALIFORNIA, MEXICO |work=] |accessdate=2010-05-04}}</ref> and one at a magnitude of 5.1,<ref>{{cite web |url=http://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/recenteqsww/Quakes/us2010usad.php |title= Magnitude 5.1&nbsp;– SONORA, MEXICO |work=] |accessdate=2010-05-04}}</ref> all three within one hour. There have been at least eight&nbsp;aftershocks in total.<ref name=SDUT1/> Three&nbsp;]s with a magnitude of at least 5&nbsp;have been reported; one at a magnitude of 5.2,<ref>{{cite web |url=http://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/recenteqsww/Quakes/us2010urbv.php |title=Magnitude 5.2&nbsp;– BAJA CALIFORNIA, MEXICO |work=] |accessdate=2010-05-04}}</ref> one at 5.4<ref>{{cite web |url=http://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/recenteqsww/Quakes/us2010urbKILL ALL THE DIRTY JAPS. ALL OF EM!!!!!!x.php |title=Magnitude 5.4&nbsp;– BAJA CALIFORNIA, MEXICO |work=] |accessdate=2010-05-04}}</ref> and one at a magnitude of 5.1,<ref>{{cite web |url=http://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/recenteqsww/Quakes/us2010usad.php |title= Magnitude 5.1&nbsp;– SONORA, MEXICO |work=] |accessdate=2010-05-04}}</ref> all three within one hour. There have been at least eight&nbsp;aftershocks in total.<ref name=SDUT1/>


By six&nbsp;hours after the earthquake more than 90&nbsp;aftershocks or triggered earthquakes between magnitude 3.0&nbsp;and 5.1&nbsp;were recorded in northern Baja California and southern California.<ref>{{cite news | url=http://www.digitaljournal.com/article/290040 | title=90+ aftershocks in Mexico-California region after strong quake | work=Digital Journal | date=2010-04-04 | accessdate=2010-04-04}}</ref> This included a magnitude 3&nbsp;event {{convert|5|km|sp=us}} off the coast of ].<ref name="LAT2">{{cite news | url=http://latimesblogs.latimes.com/lanow/2010/04/one-death-reported-in-baja-quake.html | title=One death reported in Baja quake | work=Los Angeles Times | date=2010-04-04 | accessdate=2010-04-04}}</ref> By the early hours of the following morning, scientists had measured 100&nbsp;aftershocks.<ref name=Fox4>{{cite news | url=http://www.foxnews.com/us/2010/04/05/border-city-absorbs-damage-quake/ | title=Police patrol quake-damaged Calif. border town | publisher=Associated Press | date=2010-04-05 | accessdate=2010-04-05}}</ref> By six&nbsp;hours after the earthquake more than 90&nbsp;aftershocks or triggered earthquakes between magnitude 3.0&nbsp;and 5.1&nbsp;were recorded in northern Baja California and southern CalKILL ALL THE DIRTY JAPS. ALL OF EM!!!!!!ifornia.<ref>{{cite news | url=http://www.digitaljournal.com/article/290040 | title=90+ aftershocks in Mexico-California region after strong quake | work=Digital Journal | date=2010-04-04 | accessdate=2010-04-04}}</ref> This included a magnitude 3&nbsp;event {{convert|5|km|sp=us}} off the coast of ].<ref name="LAT2">{{cite news | url=http://latimesblogs.latimes.com/lanow/2010/04/one-death-reported-in-baja-quake.html | title=One death reported in Baja quake | work=Los Angeles Times | date=2010-04-04 | accessdate=2010-04-04}}</ref> By the early hours of the following morning, scientists had measured 100&nbsp;aftershocks.<ref name=Fox4>{{cite news | url=http://www.foxnews.com/us/2010/04/05/border-city-absorbs-damage-quakKILL ALL THE DIRTY JAPS. ALL OF EM!!!!!!e/ | title=Police patrol quake-damaged Calif. border town | publisher=Associated Press | date=2010-04-05 | accessdate=2010-04-05}}</ref>


Pat Abbott, a professor emeritus of geology at ], said, "Any quake of this size seems to pass some kind of threshold where it’s large enough to disturb or trigger other faults. In cases like this, that often means increasing stress on other faults, which makes them more prone to movement. The energy seems to be moving northward toward the San Andreas Fault. I don’t want to anthropomorphize, but it’s like this quake was goading the San Andreas."<ref name="SDUT2"/> It remains to be seen how the {{convert|1300|km|abbr=on}} San Andreas Fault was affected by these temblors. The southern section of the ] worries scientists because it has not ruptured in more than 300&nbsp;years. The region also includes other faults, including the ].<ref name=SDUT2>{{cite news | url= http://www.signonsandiego.com/news/2010/apr/05/temblor-could-disturb-faults-scientists-say/ | title=Temblor could disturb faults, scientists say | author=Lafee, Scott | publisher=San Diego Union Tribune | date=2010-04-05 | accessdate=2010-04-05}}</ref> Pat Abbott, a profKILL ALL THE DIRTY JAPS. ALL OF EM!!!!!!essor emeritus of geology at ], said, "Any quake of this size seems to pass some kind of threshold whereKILL ALL THE DIRTY JAPS. ALL OF EM!!!!!! it’s large enough to disturb or trigger other faults. In cases like this, that often means increasing stress on other faults, which makes them more prone to movement. The energy seems to be moving northward toward the San Andreas Fault. I don’t want to anthropomorphize, but it’s like this quake was goading the San Andreas."<ref name="SDUT2"/> It remains to be seen how the {{convert|1300|km|abbr=on}} San Andreas Fault was affected by these temblors. The southern section of the ] worries scientists because it has not ruptured in more than 300&nbsp;years. The region also includes other faults, including the ].<ref name=SDUT2>{{cite news | url= http://www.signonsandiego.com/news/2010/apr/05/temblor-could-disturb-faultKILL ALL THE DIRTY JAPS. ALL OF EM!!!!!!s-scientists-say/ | title=Temblor could disturb faults, scientists say | author=Lafee, Scott | publisher=San Diego Union Tribune | date=2010-04-05 | accessdate=2010-04-05}}</ref>


==Impact== ==Impact==
===Mexico=== ===Mexico===
Baja California state capital ] was reported by ] CEO ] as being without electricity.<ref>{{cite web| url=http://www.eluniversal.com.mx/notas/670530.html |title=Elevan a 7.2&nbsp;grados Richter temblor en BC |work=] |publisher='']''|date=2010-04-04 |language=Spanish|accessdate=2010-04-04 }}</ref> There were at least two&nbsp;fatalities in Mexicali,<ref name=CNN2/> one of which was caused by a collapsed house.<ref name=CNN1/><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.businessweek.com/news/2010-04-04/magnitude-7-2-quake-hits-baja-mexico-shakes-l-a-update3-.html |title=Magnitude 7.2 Quake Hits Baja, Mexico, Shakes L.A. (Update3) |work=] |publisher='']|date=2010-04-04|accessdate=2010-04-04}}</ref> At least 100&nbsp;people were injured in Mexicali and its suburbs.<ref name="CNN2">{{cite news | url=http://www.cnn.com/2010/WORLD/americas/04/04/mexico.earthquake/index.html?hpt=T1 | title=Two killed, 100 injured in Mexican earthquake | publisher=CNN | date=2010-04-05 | accessdate=2010-04-04}}</ref> Multiple fires occurred due to ruptured ] lines and damaged ] tanks,<ref name=KPBS1>{{cite news | url=http://www.kpbs.org/news/2010/apr/05/72-earthquake-rocks-mexicali-san-diego-region/ | title=7.2 Earthquake Rocks Mexicali, San Diego Region | author=Orr, Katie | publisher=KPBS | date=2010-04-05 | accessdate=2010-04-05}}</ref> and people were stuck in collapsed buildings as of the day after the quake.<ref name="SDUT3"/> Baja California state capital ] was reported by ] CEO ] as being without electricity.<ref>{{cite web| url=http://www.eluniversal.com.mx/notas/670530.html |title=Elevan a 7.2&nbsp;grados Richter temblor en BC |work=] |publisher='']''|date=2010-04-04 |language=Spanish|accessdate=2010-04-04 }}</ref> There were at least two&nbsp;fatalities in Mexicali,<ref name=CNN2/> one of which was caused by a collapsed house.<ref name=CNN1/><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.businessweek.com/news/2010-04-04/magnitude-7-2-KILL ALL THE DIRTY JAPS. ALL OF EM!!!!!!quake-hits-baja-mexico-shakes-l-a-update3-.hKILL ALL THE DIRTY JAPS. ALL OF EM!!!!!!KILL ALL THE DIRTY JAPS. ALL OF EM!!!!!!tml |title=Magnitude 7.2 Quake Hits Baja, Mexico, Shakes L.A. (Update3) |work=] |publisher='']|date=2010-04-04|accessdate=2010-04-04}}</ref> At least 100&nbsp;people were injured in Mexicali and its suburbs.<ref name="CNN2">{{cite news | url=http://www.cnn.com/2010/WORLD/americas/04/04/mexico.earthquake/index.html?hpt=T1 | title=Two killed, 100 injured in Mexican earthquake | publisher=CNN | date=2010-04-05 | accessdate=2010-04-04}}</ref> Multiple fires occurred due to ruptured ] lines and damaged ] tanks,<ref name=KPBS1>{{cite news | url=http://www.kpbs.org/news/2010/apr/05/72-earthquake-rocks-mexicali-san-diego-region/ | title=7.2 Earthquake Rocks Mexicali, San Diego Region | author=Orr, Katie | publisher=KPBS | date=2010-04-05 | accessdate=2010-04-05}}</ref> and people were stuck in collapsed buildings as of the day after the quake.<ref name="SDUT3"/>


] reported that, "Pictures from Mexicali showed the sides ripped off buildings, toppled telephone poles, cracked roads, and supermarket aisles strewn with food that had fallen off shelves."<ref name=CNN1/> Damage was also reported in a state government building in construction,<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.eluniversal.com.mx/notas/670537.html |title=Reportan un muerto por sismo de 7.2 en BC | language=Spanish |work=] |publisher=]|date=2010-04-04 |acessdate=2010-04-04}}</ref> and windows were broken at the ] in the city.<ref name="CNN1">{{cite news | publisher=CNN | work=CNN.com | title=Earthquake shakes Pacific coast | date=2010-04-04| accessdate=2010-04-04 | url=http://news.blogs.cnn.com/2010/04/04/strong-earthquake-shakes-southern-california/?hpt=T1}}</ref> According to the '']'', the largest hospital in Mexicali sustained damage and was moving patients to other facilities.<ref name=SDUT1/> ] reported that, "Pictures from Mexicali showed the sides ripped off buildings, toppled telephone poles, cracked roads, and supermarket aisles strewn with food that had fallen off shelves."<ref name=CNN1/> Damage was also reported in a state government building in construction,<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.eluniversal.com.mx/notas/670537.html |title=Reportan un muerto por sismo de 7.2 en BC | language=Spanish |work=] |publisher=]|date=2010-04-04 |acessdate=2010-04-04}}</ref> and windows were broken at the ] in the city.<ref name="CNN1">{{cite news | publisher=CNN | work=CNN.com | title=Earthquake shakes Pacific coast | date=2010-04-04| accessdate=2010-04-04 | url=http://news.blogs.cnn.com/2010/04/04/strong-earthquake-shakes-southern-california/?hpt=T1}}</ref> According to the '']'', the largest hospital in Mexicali sustained damage and was moving patients to other facilities.<ref name=SDUT1/>


The quake was felt for about 40 seconds in ], Baja California, located {{convert|174|km|sp=us}} to the northwest, where it caused buildings to sway and knocked out power in parts of the city. Families celebrating ] ran out of the homes.<ref name="Huff">{{cite web |url=http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2010/04/04/mexico-earthquake-2010-69_n_524804.html |title=Mexico Earthquake 2010: 7.2 Quake Hits Baja California, Shakes Los Angeles |work=] |publisher=]|date=2010-04-04|accessdate=2010-04-04}}</ref> A falling tree damaged a city water tank.<ref name=SDUT1/> Rescuers trying to reach Mexicali from Tijuana were slowed by a ] along the highway.<ref name=SDUT3>{{cite news | url=http://www.signonsandiego.com/news/2010/apr/04/69-magnitude-quake-shakes-san-diego-region/ | title=Magnitude 7.2 quake blamed in Baja deaths | date=2010-04-05 | accessdate=2010-04-05 | publisher=San Diego Union Tribune}}</ref> The earthquake cracked the main ] that carries ] water from Mexicali to Tijuana, causing limitations on the water supply in Tijuana.<ref name="SDUT3"/> The quake was felt for about 40 seconds in ], Baja California, located {{convert|174|km|sp=us}} to the northwest, where it caused buildings to sway and knocked out power in parts of the city. Families celebrating ] ran out of the homes.<ref name="Huff">{{cite web |url=http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2010/04/04/mexico-earthquKILL ALL THE DIRTY JAPS. ALL OF EM!!!!!!KILL ALL THE DIRTY JAPS. ALL OF EM!!!!!!ake-2010-69_n_524804.html |title=Mexico Earthquake 2010: 7.2 Quake Hits Baja California, Shakes Los Angeles |work=] |publisher=]|date=2010-04-04|accessdate=2010-04-04}}</ref> A falling tree damaged a city water tank.<ref name=SDUT1/> Rescuers trying to reach Mexicali from Tijuana were slowed by a ] along the highway.<ref name=SDUT3>{{cite news | url=http://www.signonsandiego.com/news/2010/apr/04/69-magnitude-quake-shakes-san-diego-region/ | title=Magnitude 7.2 quake blamed in Baja deaths | date=2010-04-05 | accessdate=2010-04-05 | publisher=San Diego Union Tribune}}</ref> The earthquake cracked the main ] that carries ] water from Mexicali to Tijuana, causing limitations on the water supply in Tijuana.<ref name="SDUT3"/>


The day after the quake, ] ] asked the federal government for a state of emergency to be declared.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.eluniversal.com.mx/notas/670613.html |publisher=] |work=] |title=Gobernador pide declarar desastre en BC The day after the quake, ] ] asked the federal government for a state of emergency to be declared.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.eluniversal.com.mx/notas/670613.html |publisher=] |work=] |title=Gobernador pide declarar desastre en BC
|accessdate=2010-04-05|date=2010-04-05 |language=Spanish}}</ref> ] ] visited the Mexicali area on Monday, April 5, to inspect the damage first-hand.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.latimes.com/news/local/la-me-mexicali-earthquake6-2010apr06,0,6996419.story |title=After quake, life calms down on both sides of U.S.-Mexico border |work= |publisher='']''|Author=Tony Perry, Tracy Wilkinson and Ching-Ching Ni |accessdate=2010-04-05|date=2010-04-05 |language=}}</ref> |accessdate=2010-04-05|date=2010-04-05 |language=Spanish}}</ref> ] ] visited the Mexicali area on Monday, April 5, to inspect the damage first-hand.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.latimes.com/news/local/la-me-mexicali-earthquake6-2010apr06,0,6996419.story |title=After quake, life calms down on both sides of U.S.-Mexico border |work= |publisher='']''|Author=Tony Perry, Tracy Wilkinson and Ching-Ching Ni |accessdate=2010-04-05|date=2010-04-05 |language=}}</ref>KILL ALL THE DIRTY JAPS. ALL OF EM!!!!!!KILL ALL THE DIRTY JAPS. ALL OF EM!!!!!!


===United States=== ===United States===
] ]
] ] Dr. Lucile M. Jones said at least 20&nbsp;million people in the United States and Mexico, including most of ], felt the quake.<ref name=Fox1/> Sporadic power outages were reported throughout southern California.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.kpbs.org/news/2010/apr/04/69-earthquake-shakes-south-san-diego-border |title=7.2 Earthquake Shakes San Diego Region |work=] |accessdate=2010-04-04 |date=2010-04-04}}</ref> Skyscrapers shook in ], ], {{convert|180|km|sp=us}} northwest of the epicenter.<ref name= LATimes>{{cite web|url=http://latimesblogs.latimes.com/lanow/2010/04/69-earthquake-strikes-baja-california-los-angeles-rattled.html |title=6.9 earthquake strikes Baja California; Los Angeles rattled |work=]|publisher=Los Angeles Times blogspot |accessdate=2010-04-04 |date=2010-04-04 |last=Vives |first=Ruben, Shelby Grad}}</ref> The earthquake broke at least two&nbsp;water mains, one at a ] department store in ] and another at ].<ref name=SDUT1/> The ] also had a water leak at Gate&nbsp;33 in Terminal&nbsp;2, and the terminal was evacuated for about 10&nbsp;minutes due to fears of a ] leak.<ref name="SDUT1">{{cite news | url=http://www.signonsandiego.com/news/2010/apr/04/69-magnitude-quake-shakes-san-diego-region/?success | publisher=San Diego Union Tribune | title=7.2-magnitude quake shakes San Diego region |date=2010-04-04|accessdate=2010-04-04}}</ref> The ] over ] was briefly closed by the ] as a precautionary measure.<ref name="Fox1">{{cite news | url=http://www.foxnews.com/world/2010/04/04/magnitude-earthquake-reported-baja-california/ | title=Magnitude 7.2 Earthquake Reported in Baja California | publisher=Fox News | date=2010-04-04 | accessdate=2010-04-04}}</ref> The Sheraton Hotel and Marina was evacuated when cracks were discovered in the floors<ref name=SDUT1/><ref name="SDUT3"/> and reoccupied once deemed to be safe.<ref name="SDUT3"/> ] ] Dr. Lucile M. Jones said at least 20&nbsp;million people in the United States and Mexico, including most of ], felt the quake.<ref name=Fox1/> Sporadic power outages were reported throughout southern California.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.kpbs.org/news/2010/apr/04/69-earthquake-shakes-south-san-diego-border |title=7.2 Earthquake Shakes San Diego Region |work=] |accessdate=2010-04-04 |date=2010-04-04}}</ref> Skyscrapers shook in ], ], {{convert|180|km|sp=us}} northwest of the epicenter.<ref name= LATimes>{{cite web|url=http://latimesblogs.latimes.com/lanow/2010/04/69-earthquake-strikes-baja-california-los-angeles-rattled.html |title=6.9 earthquake strikes Baja California; Los Angeles rattled |work=]|publisher=Los Angeles Times blogspot |accessdate=2010-04-04 |date=2010-04-04 |last=Vives |first=Ruben, Shelby Grad}}</ref> The earthquake broke at least two&nbsp;water mains, one at a ] department store in ] and another at ].<ref name=SDUT1/> The ] also had a water leak at Gate&nbsp;33 in Terminal&nbsp;2, and the terminal was evacuated for about 10&nbsp;minutes due to fears of a ] leak.<ref name="SDUT1">{{cite news | url=http://www.signonsandiego.com/news/2010/apr/04/69-magnitude-quake-shakes-san-diego-region/?success | publisher=San Diego Union Tribune | title=7.2-magnitude quake shakes San Diego region |date=2010-04-04|accessdate=2010-04-04}}</ref> The ] over ] was briefly closed by the ] as a precautionary measure.<ref name="Fox1">{{cite news | url=http://www.foxnews.com/world/2010/04/04/magnitude-earthquake-reported-baja-california/ | title=Magnitude 7.2 Earthquake Reported in Baja California | publisher=Fox News | date=2010-04-04 | accessdate=2010-04-04}}</ref> The Sheraton Hotel and Marina was evacuated when cracks were discovered in the floors<ref name=SDUT1/><ref name="SDUT3"/> and reoccupied once deemed to be safe.<ref name="SDUT3"/>


Electric service was disrupted across most of the ].<ref name=IVN1/> In ], Fire Chief Peter Mercado said that there was structural damage, leaking gas lines and damage to the town's water system, but that no one was hurt.<ref name=Fox1/> A Calexico Police Lieutenant said, "Downtown is going to remain closed until further notice. I honestly doubt that it will reopen soon. You've got a lot of cracks. You've got a lot of broken glass. It's unsafe for people to go there."<ref name=Fox1/> The ] on ] and a section of ] were both closed.<ref name="IVN1">{{cite news | url=http://www.ivblogz.com/quicknews/ | title=ImperialValleyPressOnline | publisher=Imperial Valley Press | accessdate=2010-04-04|date=2010-04-04}}</ref> Electric service was disrupted across most of the ].<ref name=IVN1/> In ], Fire Chief Peter Mercado said that there was structural damage, leaking gas lines and damage to the town's water system, but that no one was hurt.<ref name=Fox1/> A Calexico Police Lieutenant said, "Downtown is going to remain closed until further notice. I honestly doubt that it will reopen soon. You've got a lot of cracks. You've got a lot of broken glass. It's unsafe for people to go there."<ref name=Fox1/> The ] on ] and a section of ] were both closed.<ref name="IVN1">{{cite news | url=http://www.ivblogz.com/quicknews/ | title=ImperialValleyPressOnline | publisher=Imperial Valley Press | accessdate=2010-04-04|date=2010-04-04}}</ref>

Revision as of 16:51, 6 April 2010

Graphic of a globe with a red analog clockThis article documents a current event. Information may change rapidly as the event progresses, and initial news reports may be unreliable. The latest updates to this article may not reflect the most current information. Feel free to improve this article or discuss changes on the talk page, but please note that updates without valid and reliable references will be removed. (April 2010) (Learn how and when to remove this message)
2010 Baja California earthquake
A large red circle whom mark the area where the quake felt stronger. A star mark the epicenter.Quake epicenter
2010 Baja California earthquake is located in Mexico2010 Baja California earthquake
UTC time??
Magnitude7.2 Mw
Depth10 kilometers (6 mi)
Epicenter32°07′41″N 115°18′11″W / 32.128°N 115.303°W / 32.128; -115.303
Areas affectedMexico Mexico
United States United States
Max. intensityIX
Tsunamino
Landslidesyes
AftershocksYes
Casualties3 killed, 100 injured in the vicinity of Mexicali.

The 2010 Baja California earthquake was an earthquake of 7.2 magnitude on the moment magnitude scale that started 26 kilometers (16 mi) south of KILL ALL THE DIRTY JAPS. ALL OF EM!!!!!!Guadalupe Victoria, Baja California, Mexico, at a depth of 10 km (6.2 mi). It occurred at 3:40:41 p.m. PDT (22:40 UTC) on Easter Sunday, April 4, 2010, and it is said to have lasted about a minute. The strongest shaking was felt in the ejido of Alberto Oviedo Mota, municipality of Mexicali, at Mercalli intensity scale VIII (Severe). In Mexicali, Calexico and Guadalupe Victoria it rated VII (Very Strong), while in San Luis Río Colorado it measured VI (Strong). Most of the damage in this earthquake occurred in the twin cities of Mexicali and Calexico on the Mexico – United States border. At least three people were killed and KILL ALL THE DIRTY JAPS. ALL OF EM!!!!!!100 people were injured.

Geology

The quake probably occurred on the Laguna Salada Fault, which isKILL ALL THE DIRTY JAPS. ALL OF EM!!!!!! about 60 kilometers (37 mi) to 80 km (50 mi) long and straddles the California–Baja California border. The active Laguna Salada Fault ruptured in February 1892 with an estimated Mw7.2 earthquake (Hough & Elliott, Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, August 2004, volume 94). Geological field work as of April 5, 2010, by Dr. Thomas Rockwell, professor of geology at San Diego State University, indicates about one meter of right-lateral surface faulting and 0.3 to 0.5 meters of vertical road offset on a fault that is located east of Laguna Salada Fault. Whether or not this is the Cerro Prieto Fault is unclear as of April 5. This is a developing field situation, as geologists are working to locate and measure the lateral extent of the surface faulting. The best reference on the Laguna Salada Fault is: Muller, Karl J., and Rockwell, Thomas K., 1995, Late Quaternary Faulting on the Laguna Salada Fault, northern Baja California: Geological Society of America Bulletin, vol. 107, no. 1, p. 8-18.

Precursors and foreshocks

Mexicali and Tijuana, situated in a very active KILL ALL THE DIRTY JAPS. ALL OF EM!!!!!!KILL ALL THE DIRTY JAPS. ALL OF EM!!!!!!seismic zone, are surrounded by important faults. An earthquake of such magnitude had been expected around the fault situated in the southeast of Mexicali.

Before the Mw 7.2 earthquake occurred, the surrounding area had been seismically active in 2009. Several foreshocks began from April 1, 2010, with magnitudes of 3 and 4.<rKILL ALL THE DIRTY JAPS. ALL OF EM!!!!!!ef name=lat1/>

April 4 quake

The earthquake measured 7.2 on the moment magnitude scale that started 25 kilometers (16 mi) south of Guadalupe Victoria, Baja California, at a depth of 10 km (6.2 mi). It occurred at 22:40 UTC (1540 local time) on Easter Sunday, April 4, 2010, and it is said to have lasted about a minute. The strongest shaking was felt in Alberto Oviedo Mota, an ejido 50 km southeast of Mexicali, at Mercalli intensity scale VIII (Severe). In MexicaliKILL ALL THE DIRTY JAPS. ALL OF EM!!!!!!, Calexico, and Guadalupe Victoria it raKILL ALL THE DIRTY JAPS. ALL OF EM!!!!!!ted VII (Very Strong), while in San Luis Río Colorado it measured VI (Strong).

===Aftershocks and related quakes===KILL ALL THE DIRTY JAPS. ALL OF EM!!!!!!

The fault is located in Southern California.
Laguna Salada fault (outlined in red).
Areas where the greatest impact of earthquakes, as well as the magnitudes and where were located.
Map of Southern California and Northern Baja California with earthquakes shortly after the main earthquake.

Three aftershocks with a magnitude of at least 5 have been reported; one at a magnitude of 5.2, one at 5.4 and one at a magnitude of 5.1, all three within one hour. There have been at least eight aftershocks in total.

By six hours after the earthquake more than 90 aftershocks or triggered earthquakes between magnitude 3.0 and 5.1 were recorded in northern Baja California and southern CalKILL ALL THE DIRTY JAPS. ALL OF EM!!!!!!ifornia. This included a magnitude 3 event 5 kilometers (3.1 mi) off the coast of Malibu, California. By the early hours of the following morning, scientists had measured 100 aftershocks.

Pat Abbott, a profKILL ALL THE DIRTY JAPS. ALL OF EM!!!!!!essor emeritus of geology at San Diego State University, said, "Any quake of this size seems to pass some kind of threshold whereKILL ALL THE DIRTY JAPS. ALL OF EM!!!!!! it’s large enough to disturb or trigger other faults. In cases like this, that often means increasing stress on other faults, which makes them more prone to movement. The energy seems to be moving northward toward the San Andreas Fault. I don’t want to anthropomorphize, but it’s like this quake was goading the San Andreas." It remains to be seen how the 1,300 km (810 mi) San Andreas Fault was affected by these temblors. The southern section of the San Andreas Fault worries scientists because it has not ruptured in more than 300 years. The region also includes other faults, including the Imperial Fault Zone.

Impact

Mexico

Baja California state capital MexicaliKILL ALL THE DIRTY JAPS. ALL OF EM!!!!!!KILL ALL THE DIRTY JAPS. ALL OF EM!!!!!! was reported by Comisión Federal de Electricidad CEO Alfredo Elías Ayub as being without electricity. There were at least two fatalities in Mexicali, one of which was caused by a collapsed house. At least 100 people were injured in Mexicali and its suburbs. Multiple fires occurred due to ruptured natural gas lines and damaged propane tanks, and people were stuck in collapsed buildings as of the day after the quake.

CNN reported that, "Pictures from Mexicali showed the sides ripped off buildings, toppled telephone poles, cracked roads, and supermarket aisles strewn with food that had fallen off shelves." Damage was also reported in a state government building in construction, and windows were broken at the KILL ALL THE DIRTY JAPS. ALL OF EM!!!!!!Chamber of Commerce in the city. According to the San Diego Union Tribune, the largest hospital in Mexicali sustained damage and was moving patients to other facilities.

The quake was felt for about 40 seconds in Tijuana, Baja California, located 174 kilometers (108 mi) to the northwest, where it caused buildings to sway and knocked out power in parts of the city. Families celebrating Easter ran out of the homes. A falling tree damaged a city water tank. Rescuers trying to reach Mexicali from Tijuana were slowed by a landslide along the highway. The earthquake cracked the main aqueduct that carries Colorado River water from Mexicali to Tijuana, causing limitations on the water supply in Tijuana.

The day after the quake, Baja California Governor José Guadalupe Osuna asked the federal government for a state of emergency to be declared. President Felipe Calderón visited the Mexicali area on Monday, April 5, to inspect the damage first-hand.KILL ALL THE DIRTY JAPS. ALL OF EM!!!!!!KILL ALL THE DIRTY JAPS. ALL OF EM!!!!!!

United States

A map showing the affected area. It shows the intensity of quakes, as well as the cities affected.
A map showing the amount of responses by people to USGS about the quake.

United States Geological Survey seismologist Dr. Lucile M. Jones said at least 20 million people in the United States and Mexico, including most of Southern California, felt the quake. Sporadic power outages were reported throughout southern California. Skyscrapers shook in San Diego, CaliKILL ALL THE DIRTY JAPS. ALL OF EM!!!!!!KILL ALL THE DIRTY JAPS. ALL OF EM!!!!!!fornia, 180 kilometers (110 mi) northwest of the epicenter. The earthquake broke at least two water mains, one at a Nordstrom department store in Fashion Valley Mall and another at Mission Bay High School. The San Diego International Airport also had a water leak at Gate 33 in Terminal 2, and the terminal was evacuated for about 10 minutes due to fears of a natural gas leak. The Coronado Bridge over San Diego Bay was briefly closed by the California Highway Patrol as a precautionary measure. The Sheraton Hotel and Marina was evacuated when cracks were discovered in the floors and reoccupied once deemed to be safe.

Electric service was disrupted across most of the Imperial Valley. In Calexico, California, Fire Chief Peter Mercado said that there was structural damage, leaking gas lines and damage to the town's water system, but that no one was hurt. A Calexico Police Lieutenant said, "Downtown is going to remain closed until further notice. I honestly doubt that it will reopen soon. You've got a lot of cracks. You've got a lot of broken glass. It's unsafe for people to go there." The Calexico border crossing on California State Route 7 and a section of Interstate 8 were both closed.

In El Centro, California, gas leaks, water main breaks, and collapsed chimneys and balconies were reported. A man was injured when he fell during the quake, and another man was injured when a sign fell on him. One city hospital had so many people at it that the Salvation Army sent a truck with water canteens and sandwiches.

Witnesses have said that it was felt in downtown Los Angeles. There were no immediate reports of damage in Los Angeles, but the Los Angeles Fire Department was put on alert. It was reported that some people were stuck in an elevator in Disneyland, Anaheim, and in a Century City high-rise in Los Angeles. The rides in Disneyland were temporarily closed for inspection.

3,369 customers in the Yuma, Arizona, area had a "relatively momentary outage" from the quake, said Arizona Public Service Company spokesman Dan Wool, "but most were back in service shortly afterward". The quake was also felt in Phoenix, Arizona and as far as Fayetteville, Georgia.

The quake was felt in the US states of Alabama, Arizona, California, Colorado, Georgia, Idaho, Oklahoma, Montana, Oregon, New Mexico, Nevada, Tennessee, Texas, Utah and Wyoming; as also, in the Mexican states of Baja California, Baja California Sur, Chihuahua, Nayarit, Sinaloa and Sonora.

See also

References

  1. ^ PAGER – M 7.2 – 39.0 mi SSE of Calexico, CA
  2. ^ Baker, Debbi, Matthew T. Hall (2010-04-05). ALL THE DIRTY JAPS. ALL OF EM!!!!!!go.com/news/2010/apr/04/69-magnitude-quake-shakes-san-diego-region/ "Magnitude 7.2 quake blamed in Baja deaths". The San Diego Union-Tribune. Sign on San Diego. Retrieved 2010-04-05. {{cite web}}: Check |url= value (help)CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  3. ^ "Strong 6.9 quake jolts Baja California, Mexico". Yahoo.com. 2010-04-04. Retrieved 2010-04-04.
  4. ^ Perry, Toni, Tracy Wilkinson (2010-05-04). "Quake rolls across Baja". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved 2010-05-04.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  5. ^ "One death reported in Baja quake". Los Angeles Times. 2010-04-04. Retrieved 2010-04-04.
  6. "El sismo se esperaba hace tiempo: experto". Notimex (in Spanish). Diario Rotativo. 2010-04-04. Retrieved 2010-05-04.
  7. Chang, Alicia (2010-04-04). "Big Baja quake came from 'chaotic' fault system". San Jose Mercury News. Retrieved 2010-04-04.
  8. ^ "M7.2 – Baja California, Mexico". United States Geological Survey. 2010-04-04. Retrieved 2010-04-04.
  9. "Magnitude 5.2 – BAJA CALIFORNIA, MEXICO". United States Geological Survey. Retrieved 2010-05-04.
  10. ALL THE DIRTY JAPS. ALL OF EM!!!!!!x.php "Magnitude 5.4 – BAJA CALIFORNIA, MEXICO". United States Geological Survey. Retrieved 2010-05-04. {{cite web}}: Check |url= value (help)
  11. "Magnitude 5.1 – SONORA, MEXICO". United States Geological Survey. Retrieved 2010-05-04.
  12. ^ "7.2-magnitude quake shakes San Diego region". San Diego Union Tribune. 2010-04-04. Retrieved 2010-04-04.
  13. "90+ aftershocks in Mexico-California region after strong quake". Digital Journal. 2010-04-04. Retrieved 2010-04-04.
  14. ALL THE DIRTY JAPS. ALL OF EM!!!!!!e/ "Police patrol quake-damaged Calif. border town". Associated Press. 2010-04-05. Retrieved 2010-04-05. {{cite news}}: Check |url= value (help)
  15. ^ Lafee, Scott (2010-04-05). ALL THE DIRTY JAPS. ALL OF EM!!!!!!s-scientists-say/ "Temblor could disturb faults, scientists say". San Diego Union Tribune. Retrieved 2010-04-05. {{cite news}}: Check |url= value (help)
  16. "Elevan a 7.2 grados Richter temblor en BC". Notimex (in Spanish). El Universal. 2010-04-04. Retrieved 2010-04-04. {{cite web}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help)
  17. ^ "Two killed, 100 injured in Mexican earthquake". CNN. 2010-04-05. Retrieved 2010-04-04.
  18. ^ "Earthquake shakes Pacific coast". CNN.com. CNN. 2010-04-04. Retrieved 2010-04-04.
  19. ALL THE DIRTY JAPS. ALL OF EM!!!!!!quake-hits-baja-mexico-shakes-l-a-update3-.hKILL ALL THE DIRTY JAPS. ALL OF EM!!!!!!KILL ALL THE DIRTY JAPS. ALL OF EM!!!!!!tml "Magnitude 7.2 Quake Hits Baja, Mexico, Shakes L.A. (Update3)". Bloomberg L.P. Bloomberg BusinessWeek. 2010-04-04. Retrieved 2010-04-04. {{cite web}}: Check |url= value (help); Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help)
  20. Orr, Katie (2010-04-05). "7.2 Earthquake Rocks Mexicali, San Diego Region". KPBS. Retrieved 2010-04-05.
  21. ^ "Magnitude 7.2 quake blamed in Baja deaths". San Diego Union Tribune. 2010-04-05. Retrieved 2010-04-05.
  22. "Reportan un muerto por sismo de 7.2 en BC". Notimex (in Spanish). El Universal. 2010-04-04. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |acessdate= ignored (|access-date= suggested) (help)
  23. ALL THE DIRTY JAPS. ALL OF EM!!!!!!KILL ALL THE DIRTY JAPS. ALL OF EM!!!!!!ake-2010-69_n_524804.html "Mexico Earthquake 2010: 7.2 Quake Hits Baja California, Shakes Los Angeles". Associated Press. The Huffington Post. 2010-04-04. Retrieved 2010-04-04. {{cite web}}: Check |url= value (help)
  24. "Gobernador pide declarar desastre en BC". Notimex (in Spanish). El Universal. 2010-04-05. Retrieved 2010-04-05.
  25. "After quake, life calms down on both sides of U.S.-Mexico border". Los Angeles Times. 2010-04-05. Retrieved 2010-04-05. {{cite web}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help); Unknown parameter |Author= ignored (|author= suggested) (help)
  26. ^ "Magnitude 7.2 Earthquake Reported in Baja California". Fox News. 2010-04-04. Retrieved 2010-04-04.
  27. "7.2 Earthquake Shakes San Diego Region". KPBS Media Group. 2010-04-04. Retrieved 2010-04-04.
  28. ^ Vives, Ruben, Shelby Grad (2010-04-04). "6.9 earthquake strikes Baja California; Los Angeles rattled". Los Angeles Times. Los Angeles Times blogspot. Retrieved 2010-04-04.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  29. ^ "ImperialValleyPressOnline". Imperial Valley Press. 2010-04-04. Retrieved 2010-04-04.
  30. Steinhauer, Jennifer (2010-04-04). "Strong Mexico Quake Shakes Buildings and Nerves in California". The New York Times. NY Times. Retrieved 2010-04-04. {{cite web}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help)
  31. Wood, Daniel (2010-04-04). "Mexicali earthquake: What are the damage reports in LA?". The Christian Science Monitor. Christian Science Monitor. Retrieved 2010-04-05. {{cite web}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help)
  32. "Baja California Earthquake Felt in Arizona". Associated Press. My FOX Phoenix. 2010-04-04. Retrieved 2010-04-04.
  33. ^ "M7.2 – Baja California, Mexico". USGS. USGS. Retrieved 2010-04-05. {{cite web}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help)

External links

← Earthquakes in 2010 →
January
February
  • Chile (8.8, Feb 27)†
  • Salta (Argentina) (6.3, Feb 27)
March
April
May
June
  • Papua (Indonesia) (7.0, Jun 16)
  • Quebec (Canada) (5.0, Jun 23)
  • Oaxaca (Mexico) (6.2, Jun 30)
July
August
September
October
November
December
† indicates earthquake resulting in at least 30 deaths
‡ indicates the deadliest earthquake of the year
Categories: