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Carlos Augusto Alves Santana (born 20 July 1947 in Autlán de Navarro, Jalisco, Mexico) is a Mexican–American Grammy Award-winning musician and Latin-rock guitarist.

He became famous in the late 1960s and early 1970s with his eponymous band Santana, which created a highly successful blend of salsa, rock, blues, and jazz fusion. Their sound featured his high-pitched, clean guitar lines set against Latin instrumentation such as timbales and congas. Santana continued to work in these forms over the following decades, and experienced a sudden resurgence of popularity and critical acclaim in the late 1990s. Over his career he has sold an estimated 80 million albums worldwide.

Early life and career

Carlos Santana's father was a mariachi violinist and young Carlos learned the violin originally, but switched to the guitar when he was eight years old. After a family move to Tijuana, Santana began playing in clubs and bars; he remained in Tijuana when his family moved to San Francisco, California, but joined them at the age of thirteen.

At the end of 1966, Tom Frazier (guitar) wanted to form a new rock band. Frazier joined Carlos Santana (guitar/vocals), Mike Carabello (percussion), Rod Harper (drums), Gus Rodrigues (bass guitar), and Seattle native Gregg Rolie (organ/vocals), to form the Santana Blues Band. After a while the name was shortened to just Santana. Promoter Bill Graham saw them and the band debuted in June 1968 at the legendary Fillmore (later Fillmore West), where many of the great San Francisco bands began. Santana's recording debut occurred on The Live Adventures of Mike Bloomfield and Al Kooper with Al Kooper and Mike Bloomfield.

Santana to Caravanserai

Soon signed to Columbia Records, the band released a largely instrumental, self-titled album, Santana in 1969. The group at this point consisting of Carlos Santana (guitar), Gregg Rolie (keyboards and vocals), David Brown (bass guitar), Michael Shrieve (drums), José "Chepito" Areas (percussion) and Michael Carabello (percussion).

On the tour to support the album, the band played at Woodstock Music and Art Festival. They were one of the surprises of the festival; their set was legendary, and later the exposure of their eight-minute instrumental "Soul Sacrifice" in the Woodstock film and soundtrack albums vastly increased Santana's popularity. Santana became a huge hit, reaching number four on the U.S. album chart, and the catchy single "Evil Ways" reached number nine on the Billboard Hot 100.

In 1970 the group reached its early commercial peak with their second album, Abraxas, which reached number one on the album charts and went on to sell over four million copies. The innovative Santana musical blend made a number-four hit out of English blues-rockers Fleetwood Mac's "Black Magic Woman", and a number-thirteen hit out of salsa champion Tito Puente's "Oye Como Va". Abraxas has since been placed on several "best albums of all time" lists. The classic Santana lineup of their first two albums was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 1998.

However, Woodstock and the success of the first two albums began to put pressure on the group, and highlighted the different musical directions that Rolie and Santana were starting to go in. Rolie was more influenced by the progressive rock movement; he wanted to highlight keyboards in the music, play long instrumentals, thematically link music across all of the songs on an album, and use characteristics of classical music. Carlos on the other hand wanted shorter songs and to bring forward the influence of the music of Mexico and his family heritage, with a heavier emphasis on percussion. The band had started to disintegrate.

A teenage San Francisco Bay Area guitar prodigy, Neal Schon, was asked to join the band in 1971; he was also asked by Eric Clapton to join Derek and the Dominoes. Choosing Santana, he was brought into the studio to help clean up the "success mess", brought on by the band's new-found fame, and to help complete the third album, Santana 3. Schon, with a classical music background, was also more inclined to lean toward progressive rock (and at the same time he was helping Santana, he formed the band Azteca with Larry Graham, which eventually after further changes became Graham Central Station).

In any case, Santana 3 was another success, reaching number one on the album chart, selling two million copies, and spawning the hit singles "Everybody's Everything" and "No One to Depend On".

After Santana came back from a South American tour, which was cut short in Peru when all their gear was confiscated, they started working on a new, fourth, album, Caravanserai. During the studio sessions in December 1971, Rolie decided that it was time to go. He left and went home to Seattle, opening a restaurant with his father, and later became a founding member of Journey (which Schon would join as well).

When Caravanserai did emerge in 1972, it was with individual credits on each track, and marked the end of Santana as a band with a fixed membership. It also marked a strong change in musical direction towards jazz-rock fusion. As such it earned considerable critical praise.

Spiritual journey

Now using the name Devadip Carlos Santana, bestowed upon him by spiritual leader Sri Chinmoy, Carlos Santana's next project was Love Devotion Surrender, a collaboration with jazz-rock guitarist and fellow Chinmoy disciple John McLaughlin. Backed by musicians from both Santana and the Mahavishnu Orchestra, the album was a tribute to John Coltrane filtered through joint spiritual ecstasy; critical and popular reactions were mixed.

Carlos Santana used the Santana name and a series of changing musicians to continue to tour around the country, releasing several albums. Santana had five top-forty singles in the late 1970s and early 1980s, with "Winning" in 1981 and "Hold On" in 1982 both reaching the top twenty.

Many albums followed in the 1970s and 1980s, including collaborations with Willie Nelson, Herbie Hancock, Booker T. Jones, Wayne Shorter, Ron Carter, and The Fabulous Thunderbirds. In 1988 Santana won the Grammy Award for Best Rock Instrumental Performance for Blues for Salvador. In 1990 he left Columbia Records after twenty-two years and signed with Polygram. In 1991, Santana made a guest appearance on Ottmar Liebert's album "Solo Para Ti", on the songs "Reaching out 2 U" and a cover of his own song, "Samba Pa Ti".

Return to commercial success

Santana's record sales in the 1990s had been very low, and towards the end of the decade he was without a contract. However Arista Records' Clive Davis, who had worked with Santana at Columbia, signed him and encouraged him to record a star-studded album with mostly younger artists. The result in 1999 was Supernatural, which included collaborations with Bobby Martin, Rob Thomas of Matchbox 20, Eric Clapton, Lauryn Hill, Wyclef Jean, Maná and others.

The first single was "Smooth", a dynamic salsa-ish stop-start number co-written and sung by Rob Thomas, and laced throughout with Carlos's guitar fills and runs. The track's energy was immediately apparent on radio, and was played on a wide variety of station formats. It spent twelve weeks at number one on the Billboard Hot 100; a music video set on a hot barrio street was also very popular. Supernatural started selling in large numbers and reached number one on the album chart; suddenly Carlos Santana was the comeback story of the year. The follow-up single, "Maria Maria", arranged by Bobby Martin, also reached number one and spent ten weeks there. Supernatural eventually sold over 15 million copies in the US alone, making it Santana's biggest sales success by far.

Supernatural and the different tracks on it then won nine Grammy Awards, including Album of the Year, Record of the Year for "Smooth", and Song of the Year for Thomas and Itaal Shur. Santana's acceptance speeches described his feelings about music's place in one's spiritual existence.

In 2002, Santana released Shaman, revisiting the Supernatural format of guest artists including P.O.D., Seal, and others. Although the album was not the runaway success its predecessor had been, it still produced two radio-friendly hits: the infectious "The Game of Love" featuring Michelle Branch reached #5 on the Billboard Hot 100 and spent many weeks at the top of the Billboard Adult Contemporary chart; then "Why Don't You and I" featuring either Chad Kroeger from Nickelback or Alex Band from The Calling (the original and a remix with a different singer were combined towards chart performance) also reached the Hot 100 top ten. "The Game of Love" went on to win the Grammy Award for Best Pop Collaboration with Vocals.

In 2005, Herbie Hancock approached Santana to play on, as well as to help in gathering other artists to record, an album similar to Supernatural. The resulting album, titled Possibilities, was released on August 30 2005, featuring Carlos Santana and Angélique Kidjo on "Safiatou".

Santana's album All That I Am (2005) followed the format of Supernatural and Shaman, consisting primarily of collaborations with other artists; the first single, the peppy "I'm Feeling You", was again with Michelle Branch and The Wreckers. This has led to some critics expressing concern that Santana had abandoned the Latin and extended solo-based nature of his earlier work in favor of commercial appeal, by putting his name alongside current artists. Defenders claim that those elements are still present in Santana's music, and that the collaborations help this music to get heard.

Discography

Albums

(by the band Santana unless otherwise stated)

• Live at the Fillmore '68 (released 1997)
• Santana (1969)
• Abraxas (1970)
• 3 (1971)
• Caravanserai (1972)
• Carlos Santana & Buddy Miles Live! (1972; C.S. with Buddy Miles)
• Love Devotion Surrender (1973; C.S. with John McLaughlin)
• Welcome (1973)
• Illuminations (1974; C.S. with Alice Coltrane)
• Santana's Greatest Hits (1974)
• Borboletta (1974)
• Lotus (live) (1975)
• Amigos (1976)
• Festival (1976)
• Moonflower (1977)
• Inner Secrets (1978)
• Oneness: Silver Dreams, Golden Reality (1979; C.S.)
• Marathon (1979)
• The Swing of Delight (1980; C.S.)
• Zebop! (1981)
• Shango (1982)
• Havana Moon (1983; C.S. with The Fabulous Thunderbirds)
• Beyond Appearance (1985)
• Viva Santana! — The Very Best of Santana (1986)
• Freedom (1987)
• Blues for Salvador (1987; C.S.)
• The Very Best of Santana vols 1 & 2 (1988)
• Persuasion (1989)
• Latin Tropical (1990)
• Spirits Dancing in the Flesh (1990)
• Milagro (1992)
• Nineteen Eight-Six (1993)
• Sacred Fire: Live in South America (1993)
• Soul Sacrifice (1994)
• Santana Brothers (1994; C.S. with Jorge Santana & Carlos Hernandez)
• As Years Go By (1994)
• Santana Jam (1994)
• Every Day I Have the Blues (1994)
• With a Little help from My Friends (1994)
• Jin-Go-La-Ba (1995)
• Dance of the Rainbow Serpent (1995)
• Evil Ways (1997)
• Jingo (1997)
• Between Good and Evil (1998)
• Awakening (1998)
• Supernatural (1999)
• Jingo Maniac (2000; C.S.)
• Mother Earth 2000 (2001)
• Nuclei/2 (2001)
• Shaman (2002)
• Ceremony: Remixes & Rarities (2003)
• Tropical Spirits parts 1 and 2 (2003)
• Jammin' Home (2004)
• All That I Am (2005)

Singles

• 2005: "I'm Feeling You" (feat. Michelle Branch & The Wreckers) - #55 US
• 2005: "Just Feel Better" (feat. Steven Tyler)

See also

• Best selling music artists
• List of Rock Instrumentals
• Rolling Stone's List of the 100 Greatest Guitarists of All Time

External links

• Official site
• Carlos Santana lyrics organized by album from lyrics.info
• Santana's discography at Music City
• Carlos Santana profile at World Music Central
• Guitar-Poll

• 1947 births
• American guitarists
• American rock musicians
• Mexican American musicians
• People from Jalisco
• California musicians
• Rhythmic Top 40 acts
• Rock and Roll Hall of Fame inductees