| Revision as of 21:55, 14 April 2010 editSer Amantio di Nicolao (talk | contribs)Autopatrolled, Administrators6,255,518 editsm moved Zheleznovodsk communique to Zheleznovodsk Communiqué: proper capitalization/accenting← Previous edit | Revision as of 02:01, 15 April 2010 edit undoMarshallBagramyan (talk | contribs)Autopatrolled, Extended confirmed users, Pending changes reviewers7,778 edits According to a single journalist and Azeri sources, I'm replacing section w/ most accepted version;Next edit → | ||
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| The '''Zheleznovodsk Communiqué''', also known as the '''Zheleznovodsk Declaration''' or '''Zheleznovodsk Accords''', is the joint peace ] mediated by Russian President, ] and ] President, ] in ], ] on September 23, 1991 with an intention to end |
The '''Zheleznovodsk Communiqué''', also known as the '''Zheleznovodsk Declaration''' or '''Zheleznovodsk Accords''', is the joint peace ] mediated by Russian President, ] and ] President, ] in ], ] on September 23, 1991 with an intention to end the three year long hostilities between Armenia and Azerbaijan over the disputed region of ].<ref name=Ulster>{{cite web|url=http://www.peaceagreements.ulster.ac.uk/cgi-bin/Agreements/agree.pl?full=617"|title= The Transitional Justice Peace Agreements Database. Record 617 |date=|accessdate=April 14, 2010}}</ref> Although consensus was reached, the treaty was never ratified. | ||
| ==Background== | ==Background== | ||
| An ] during the ] era under the jurisdiction of the ], the ], whose population was predominantly Armenian, expressed its desire to unite with Armenia in February 1988, a move that was staunchly opposed by the Soviet Azerbaijani authorities.<ref>{{cite book | |||
| The ] over ] of Azerbaijan which started in late 1987<ref name=BBC>{{ru icon}}{{cite news | url= http://news.bbc.co.uk/hi/russian/news/newsid_3681000/3681079.stm | title= Карабах: хронология конфликта | trans_title= Karabakh: Chronology of the conflict | publisher= ] | author = | date=2005-08-29| accessdate=2010-04-14}}</ref> with exodus of ethnic Azerbaijanis from Armenia has developed unmitigated and claimed lives of many civilians, interior troops and army. | |||
| | last = Kaufman | |||
| | first = Stuart | |||
| | title = Modern Hatreds: The Symbolic Politics of Ethnic War | |||
| | publisher = Cornell Studies in Security Affairs | |||
| | year = 2001 | |||
| | location = New York | |||
| | page= 61 | |||
| | isbn = 0-8014-8736-6}}</ref> | |||
| ==Mediating mission== | ==Mediating mission== | ||
| With consent from the Azerbaijani and Armenian sides, Boris Yeltsin and Nursultan Nazarbayev led a mediating mission on September 20-23 visiting ], ], ] |
With consent from the Azerbaijani and Armenian sides, Boris Yeltsin and Nursultan Nazarbayev led a mediating mission on September 20-23 visiting ], ], ] and ]. Taking the principles of ], non-interference in internal affairs of sovereign states, observance of civil rights as the starting point, a kbreakthrough was achieved on September 22 when Armenia renounced all its claims to Azerbaijani territory.<ref>{{cite news | url= http://www.nytimes.com/1991/09/23/world/armenia-yielding-claim-on-enclave.html?scp=1&sq=Armenia%20Yielding%20Claim%20on%20Enclave&st=cse | title= ARMENIA YIELDING CLAIM ON ENCLAVE | publisher= ] | author = Bill Keller | date=1991-09-23 | accessdate=2010-04-14}}</ref> This allowed the parties to agree to a joint communique the next day, committing both sides to disarm and withdraw militias, allow return of ]s and ]s, re-establish Soviet-era administrative order of the Nagorno-Karabakh ] and set up delegations to find a peaceful solution to the conflict. ] and internal troops would still remain in the conflict zone and the process would be supervised by Russian and Kazakh officials. The peace communiqué was discussed with participation of Y. Shaposhnikov,V.Barannikov, S. Voskanyan, M. Gezalov, V. Dzhafarov, ], L. Petrosian, M. Radayev and was signed by ] (Russian Federation), ] (Azerbaijan), ] (Kazakhstan)and ] (Armenia).<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.c-r.org/our-work/accord/nagorny-karabakh/keytexts6.php|title= Zheleznovodsk Declaration |date= September 23, 1991 |accessdate=April 14, 2010}}</ref> | ||
| ⚫ | The peace efforts came to a halt with ] helicopter with Russian, Kazakh observers and Azerbaijani high-ranking state officials on-board when it was shot down, apparently by Armenians, over ] village of ].<ref>{{cite book |title=Stopping Wars and Making Peace: Studies in International Intervention |last1=Eichensehr |first1=Kristen |last2=Reisman |first2=W.Michael |authorlink= |coauthors= |year=1998 |publisher=Martinus Nijhoff Publishers |location= Leiden, The Netherlands|isbn= 978-90-04-17855-7 |page=54 |pages= |url=http://books.google.com/books?id=tjcSb5Yw2_UC&pg=PA55&dq=November+20+Azerbaijan+helicopter&hl=en&ei=Ak-6S6C1KoWKlweHo4SWCg&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=3&ved=0CEgQ6AEwAg#v=onepage&q&f=false |accessdate= April 14, 2010}}</ref> | ||
| ⚫ | The peace efforts came to a |
||
| ==See also== | ==See also== | ||
Revision as of 02:01, 15 April 2010
| Zheleznovodsk Communiqué | |
|---|---|
| Created | September 23, 1991 |
| Signatories | Boris Yeltsin, Ayaz Mutalibov, Nursultan Nazarbayev, Levon Ter-Petrosian |
| Purpose | Peace agreement between Armenia and Azerbaijan |
The Zheleznovodsk Communiqué, also known as the Zheleznovodsk Declaration or Zheleznovodsk Accords, is the joint peace communiqué mediated by Russian President, Boris Yeltsin and Kazakhstan President, Nursultan Nazarbayev in Zheleznovodsk, Russia on September 23, 1991 with an intention to end the three year long hostilities between Armenia and Azerbaijan over the disputed region of Nagorno-Karabakh. Although consensus was reached, the treaty was never ratified.
Background
An autonomous oblast during the Soviet era under the jurisdiction of the Azerbaijan Soviet republic, the Nagorno-Karabakh Autonomous Oblast, whose population was predominantly Armenian, expressed its desire to unite with Armenia in February 1988, a move that was staunchly opposed by the Soviet Azerbaijani authorities.
Mediating mission
With consent from the Azerbaijani and Armenian sides, Boris Yeltsin and Nursultan Nazarbayev led a mediating mission on September 20-23 visiting Baku, Ganja, Stepanakert and Yerevan. Taking the principles of territorial integrity, non-interference in internal affairs of sovereign states, observance of civil rights as the starting point, a kbreakthrough was achieved on September 22 when Armenia renounced all its claims to Azerbaijani territory. This allowed the parties to agree to a joint communique the next day, committing both sides to disarm and withdraw militias, allow return of refugees and IDPs, re-establish Soviet-era administrative order of the Nagorno-Karabakh oblast and set up delegations to find a peaceful solution to the conflict. Soviet army and internal troops would still remain in the conflict zone and the process would be supervised by Russian and Kazakh officials. The peace communiqué was discussed with participation of Y. Shaposhnikov,V.Barannikov, S. Voskanyan, M. Gezalov, V. Dzhafarov, R. Kocharian, L. Petrosian, M. Radayev and was signed by Boris Yeltsin (Russian Federation), Ayaz Mutalibov (Azerbaijan), Nursultan Nazarbayev (Kazakhstan)and Levon Ter-Petrosian (Armenia).
The peace efforts came to a halt with the crash of an Azerbaijani MI-8 helicopter with Russian, Kazakh observers and Azerbaijani high-ranking state officials on-board when it was shot down, apparently by Armenians, over Karakend village of Khojavend district.
See also
References
- " "The Transitional Justice Peace Agreements Database. Record 617". Retrieved April 14, 2010.
- Kaufman, Stuart (2001). Modern Hatreds: The Symbolic Politics of Ethnic War. New York: Cornell Studies in Security Affairs. p. 61. ISBN 0-8014-8736-6.
- Bill Keller (1991-09-23). "ARMENIA YIELDING CLAIM ON ENCLAVE". The New York Times. Retrieved 2010-04-14.
- "Zheleznovodsk Declaration". September 23, 1991. Retrieved April 14, 2010.
- Eichensehr, Kristen; Reisman, W.Michael (1998). Stopping Wars and Making Peace: Studies in International Intervention. Leiden, The Netherlands: Martinus Nijhoff Publishers. p. 54. ISBN 978-90-04-17855-7. Retrieved April 14, 2010.
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External links
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