| Revision as of 09:33, 17 May 2004 editGary D (talk | contribs)4,284 editsm One-word nit← Previous edit | Revision as of 09:34, 17 May 2004 edit undoGary D (talk | contribs)4,284 editsm =History= comma nitNext edit → | ||
| Line 4: | Line 4: | ||
| ==History== | ==History== | ||
| The raw material for ACIM was received by Schucman between ] and ] by means of a dictation from an “inner voice,” which she transcribed in shorthand. She joined with ], another Psychiatry professor at Columbia, in producing the original set of ACIM notes, with Schucman reading each day’s shorthand notes to Thetford |
The raw material for ACIM was received by Schucman between ] and ] by means of a dictation from an “inner voice,” which she transcribed in shorthand. She joined with ], another Psychiatry professor at Columbia, in producing the original set of ACIM notes, with Schucman reading each day’s shorthand notes to Thetford who typed them up. | ||
| In addition to the substantive notes themselves, Schucman received messages from the inner voice that directed how the notes were to be processed and used. After the full set of notes, sometimes known as the Urtext, was received, Thetford edited those notes down by removing certain material identified as personal or ancillary, rearranging material, and adding chapter and section headings. This version was later further edited by Schucman in conjunction with ], who had joined the effort. These versions were variously circulated to interested people. | In addition to the substantive notes themselves, Schucman received messages from the inner voice that directed how the notes were to be processed and used. After the full set of notes, sometimes known as the Urtext, was received, Thetford edited those notes down by removing certain material identified as personal or ancillary, rearranging material, and adding chapter and section headings. This version was later further edited by Schucman in conjunction with ], who had joined the effort. These versions were variously circulated to interested people. | ||
Revision as of 09:34, 17 May 2004
A Course In Miracles or ACIM is a spiritual teaching and thought system that was received as a channeling during the 1960s and 1970s by Helen Schucman, an American professor of Psychiatry at Columbia University in New York City, and which has been transcribed into a book. Schucman believed that these messages came from Jesus.
ACIM is essentially Christian in statement, using Christian terminology and suggesting that it is correcting, clarifying, or reinterpreting portions of the Bible. ACIM further uses but redefines many Biblical concepts and terms. ACIM, however, differs in significant ways from traditional Christianity.
History
The raw material for ACIM was received by Schucman between 1965 and 1973 by means of a dictation from an “inner voice,” which she transcribed in shorthand. She joined with William Thetford, another Psychiatry professor at Columbia, in producing the original set of ACIM notes, with Schucman reading each day’s shorthand notes to Thetford who typed them up.
In addition to the substantive notes themselves, Schucman received messages from the inner voice that directed how the notes were to be processed and used. After the full set of notes, sometimes known as the Urtext, was received, Thetford edited those notes down by removing certain material identified as personal or ancillary, rearranging material, and adding chapter and section headings. This version was later further edited by Schucman in conjunction with Kenneth Wapnick, who had joined the effort. These versions were variously circulated to interested people.
ACIM was first published in 1975 by The Foundation for Inner Peace, or FIP, which obtained a copyright on it. An associated entity headed by Wapnick, The Foundation for A Course in Miracles, or FACIM, was established in 1983 as a teaching organization. A second edition including minor changes and adding numbering to all chapters, sections, paragraphs, and sentences was released in 1992. Through contractual arrangement, ACIM was published and distributed between 1995 and 2000 by Penguin Books.
ACIM is not associated with any centralized church or body, although FIP as the publisher and original copyright holder, and FACIM as an associated entity to which the copyright on ACIM was transferred in 1999, have been considered significant presences. A number of groups and organizations have emerged that study ACIM or are centered on or significantly influenced by it, and many of those have an Internet presence. A number of seminars, tapes, and books now interpret, teach, or reflect the material in ACIM, perhaps the most widely known of which are the books by Marianne Williamson.
The groups and commentators that have studied ACIM have interpreted it in many different ways, and disputes have arisen over various interpretations and the use of the ACIM material. Litigation eventually resulted between various groups and the copyright holders. During this time, the Urtext and the earlier version of ACIM became available and began to be circulated on the Internet, and the dispute spread to them as well, with various groups debating which version was the best or most genuine. As a result of the litigation, a court in 2004 invalidated the copyright on at least one of the versions of ACIM.
Structure
ACIM comprises three parts. A 650-page Text contains the main theoretical underpinnings of its teachings. A 500-page Workbook for Students contains 365 self-study lessons in mind training, to be taken one per day. A 75-page Manual for Teachers contains concise questions and answers on various topics related to the ACIM teachings. In addition, two separate pamphlets, Psychotherapy: Purpose, Process and Practice and The Song of Prayer: Prayer, Forgiveness, Healing, were also received by Schucman and published.
Main tenets
Main purpose
The goal of ACIM is the reader’s recognition and experience of the peace of God, which ACIM fosters by drawing a distinction between the invulnerability of true reality on one hand, consisting of God and His creations, and the non-existence of anything that is not part of that reality on the other hand, such as the world we perceive, which ACIM declares to be illusion. ACIM postulates that a person experiences the world of problems and death because of his mistaken belief that he has become separated from God. ACIM sets forth a metaphysical system that explains this separation problem, and a psychological approach for solving it.
Cosmology of separation
In ACIM’s cosmology, God the Father and Christ the Son are together in Heaven (a term ACIM capitalizes), unchanged and unchanging in timeless eternity, and forever creating. The Father and the Son share an almost complete identity, the main distinction between them being that God is Creator and First Cause who created the Son, while the Son was created but in turn also creates like the Father. Heaven is the domain only of knowledge and creation, and what the Father and the Son really are, are ideas.
ACIM claims that the problem the reader faces arose when a thought of separation came into the mind of the Son, which seemed to shatter into separate pieces, each piece a seemingly separate mind, although that seeming separation is merely illusion, and never really happened. The illusory result, however, is seemingly separate minds living and suffering here in the world. The only real purpose of the world, time, and earthly life is to return to the awareness of Heaven.
ACIM further claims that the world of time and space that followed the separation is the domain of perception rather than knowledge, and both the world that separated minds perceive and the time which makes that perception possible are illusions. Other than love, ACIM states, all experiences that separated minds perceive in this world, including death, are similarly illusory. Put simply, for ACIM “there is no world.”
Reunifying psychology of forgiveness and atonement
ACIM postulates that reclaiming the awareness of unity, which it terms “salvation,” is the one viable solution to the only actual problem facing separated minds, the problem of believing they are separate from each other and from God. This awareness dawns through the process of forgiveness, making up an overall plan of atonement, two concepts that ACIM redefines from traditional Christianity.
ACIM proposes forgiveness as the solution because, it explains, separated minds in the world feel guilt stemming from the mistaken belief that they have offended or attacked God by separating from Him. These minds close off from the awareness from love, and love’s absence is felt as fear. They instead engage in judgment against the illusory world and against others, allowing psychological projection of the fear and guilt felt inside them outward onto seemingly external forces and actors. They believe that what is really coming from inside them is instead coming at them from outside, and so believe that problems are myriad, random, and unrelated, as opposed to there being only one problem, centered on belief in separation. These minds invariably become angry at these perceived external threats and attempt to attack them and defend against them, when in truth, ACIM claims, anger is never justified, attack has no foundation, and real strength lies only in defenselessness. These minds are locked in a cycle of experiencing imagined victimization and seeking impotently for solutions outside them, which is not where the true problem is, inside them. The solution to all this, ACIM concludes, is atonement, achieved through forgiveness.
Forgiveness in ACIM is not the letting go of actual slights and injuries inflicted by others, but is instead the recognition that others have not and indeed cannot harm or wrong the mind of the individual perceiver. This unorthodox outlook is possible, ACIM explains, because it is the mind of the perceiver, rather than anyone or anything else, who actually determines all the experiences that he will receive, and also because his mind is still as God created it, meaning that the events that seem to befall him in the world do not actually affect or change him in any real way.
ACIM takes its title from its notion that forgiveness and atonement are accomplished with, and accompanied by, miracles. ACIM defines a miracle more broadly than does traditional Christianity, as essentially being any change of a mind away from fear and separation and towards love and unity, although ACIM’s definition does include traditional miracles like those found in the Bible, such as healing the sick and raising the dead.
Some points of contrast with traditional Christianity
Because of its perspective on reality, separation, and forgiveness, ACIM does not accept sin, death, or sacrifice. ACIM defines sin as an evil act having real consequences and deserving punishment, which under its cosmology is impossible. It instead recognizes only mistakes, defined as mental misconceptions having no real consequences and deserving only correction. Accordingly, all acts of others are to be interpreted either as expressions of love or calls for love, and nothing else. Death is both illusory and meaningless for ACIM, because of its position that only by salvation, and not by death, do separated minds cease to believe in the illusory world of separation and return to Heaven. Sacrifice is similarly impossible for ACIM because of the imperviousness and self-directing sovereignty of mind. ACIM thus rejects traditional Christianity’s notion of Jesus’s crucifixion as a sacrificial proxy in payment for the sins of mankind, instead subordinating it to the lesson of the resurrection as a demonstration of the invulnerability of mind and love.
The Holy Trinity of traditional Christianity is present in ACIM, but is explained differently. For ACIM, God the Father is quite literally all in all, an egoless, limitless, perfect, loving, quintessentially real Creator, of whom the highest truth may be stated simply as, “God is.” The Son, or Christ, is the aggregate or unity of all people or all living creatures, rather than being synonymous with Jesus only. The Holy Spirit is relied on heavily as the innate and unbreakable link or connection between the seemingly separated minds and the unified mind of Christ and God. The Workbook’s purpose is to provide students with confirmatory experiences that connect each reader with the Holy Spirit as their own internal teacher; upon its conclusion after 365 days of daily lessons, the student is left in the internal teacher’s care for all further guidance.
The eschatology of ACIM differs significantly from that of traditional Christianity. ACIM makes very few predictions regarding the future, other than to say that when the process of atonement is complete, which ACIM suggests will take millions of years, the purpose of the world will be over and so the world will end. The world will not be destroyed, but instead “will simply cease to seem to be.”
Relation to other spiritual paths
ACIM professes its respect for various other spiritual methods and paths that may be used to reach the same goals it pursues. ACIM describes its main benefit as saving time toward the eventual remembering of the unity of the seemingly separated parts of Christ, and cites interpersonal relationships as its special mode for doing so. Many students consider ACIM to have a non-dualistic orientation, and it has variously been compared to Gnosticism, Buddhism, and Advaita Hinduism. Although ACIM contains passages that may be interpreted as supporting reincarnation, ACIM affirmatively refuses to take any stand on reincarnation.
External references and link
- Anonymous (1992). A Course in Miracles (2d ed.). Mill Valley: Foundation for Inner Peace. ISBN 0-9606388-8-1.
- Anonymous (1996). Supplements to A Course in Miracles. New York: Viking Penguin. ISBN 0-670-86994-5. Contains the pamphlets, Psychotherapy: Purpose, Process and Practice and The Song of Prayer: Prayer, Forgiveness, Healing.
- Miller, D. Patrick (1997). The Complete Story of the Course: The History, the People, and the Contoversies Behind A Course in Miracles. Berkeley: Fearless Books. ISBN 0-9656809-0-8. Discusses the post-publication history of ACIM and various pertinent groups.
- Skutch, Robert (1996). Journey Without Distance: The Story Behind A Course in Miracles. Mill Valley: Foundation for Inner Peace. ISBN 1-883360-02-1. Discusses the pre-publication history of ACIM.
- Wapnick, Kenneth (1999). Absence from Felicity: The Story of Helen Schucman and Her Scribing of A Course in Miracles’’ (2d ed.). New York: Foundation for A Course in Miracles. ISBN 0-933291-08-6. Discusses Helen Schucman and the pre-publication history of ACIM.
- Williamson, Marianne (1996). A Return to Love: Reflections on the Principles of A Course in Miracles. New York: HarperCollins. ISBN 0060927488. Widely-read adaptation of ACIM principles.