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== Biochemistry == == Biochemistry ==
In ] and ], dimers of ]s like ]s and ]s are often observed. The dimerization of identical subunits is called '''homodimerization'''; the dimerization of different subunits or unrelated ]s is called '''heterodimerization'''. Most dimers in biochemistry are not connected by ]s with the exception of ]s. In ] and ], dimers of ]s like ]s and ]s are often observed. The dimerization of identical subunits is called '''homodimerization'''; the dimerization of different subunits or unrelated ]s is called '''heterodimerization'''. Most dimers in biochemistry are not connected by ]s with the exception of ]s.
An example of this would be the enzyme ], which is made of two different ] chains<ref>{{cite journal| journal=J. Med. Chem. | year=2006 |volume=49 |issue=16 | pages=4834–4841 | doi=10.1021/jm0604575 | authors=Nicolas Sluis-Cremer, Noureddine Hamamouch, Ana San Félix, Sonsoles Velázquez, Jan Balzarini, and María-José Camarasa | title= An example of this would be the enzyme ], which is made of two different ] chains<ref>{{cite journal| journal=J. Med. Chem. | year=2006 |volume=49 |issue=16 | pages=4834–4841 | doi=10.1021/jm0604575 | title=Structure-Activity Relationships of - 3‘-spiro-5‘ ‘-(4‘ ‘-amino-1‘ ‘,2‘ ‘-oxathiole-2‘ ‘,2‘ ‘-dioxide)thymine Derivatives as Inhibitors of HIV-1 Reverse Transcriptase Dimerization | author=Nicolas Sluis-Cremer, Noureddine Hamamouch, Ana San Félix, Sonsoles Velázquez, Jan Balzarini, and María-José Camarasa| pmid=16884295}}</ref>.
Structure-Activity Relationships of - 3‘-spiro-5‘ ‘-(4‘ ‘-amino-1‘ ‘,2‘ ‘-oxathiole-2‘ ‘,2‘ ‘-dioxide)thymine Derivatives as Inhibitors of HIV-1 Reverse Transcriptase Dimerization}}</ref>.


=== Examples === === Examples ===

Revision as of 17:17, 19 May 2010

For dimers in statistical mechanics see dimer model.
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Dimers of carboxylic acids are often found in vapour phase.

A dimer is a chemical or biological entity consisting of two structurally similar subunits called monomers, which are joined by bonds, which can be strong or weak.

Organic chemistry

The dimer of cyclopentadiene although this might not be readily apparent on initial inspection

Molecular dimers are often formed by the reaction of two identical compounds e.g.: 2A → A-A. In this example, monomer "A" is said to dimerise to give the dimer "A-A". An example is Diaminocarbenes, which dimerise to give tetraaminoethylenes:

2 C(NR2)2 → (R2N)2C=C(NR2)2

Acetic acid forms a dimer in the gas phase, the monomer units are held together by hydrogen bonds. Under special conditions, most OH-containing molecules form dimers, e.g. the water dimer.

Dicyclopentadiene is an unsymmetrical dimer of two cyclopentadiene molecules that have reacted to give the product. Upon heating, it "cracks" to give identical monomers:

C10H12 → 2 C5H6

The term homodimer is used when the two molecules are identical (e.g. A-A) and heterodimer when they are not (e.g. A-B). The reverse of dimerisation is often called dissociation.

Biochemistry

In biochemistry and molecular biology, dimers of macromolecules like proteins and nucleic acids are often observed. The dimerization of identical subunits is called homodimerization; the dimerization of different subunits or unrelated monomers is called heterodimerization. Most dimers in biochemistry are not connected by covalent bonds with the exception of disulfide bridges. An example of this would be the enzyme reverse transcriptase, which is made of two different amino acid chains.

Examples

Plants

Dimerous refer to plants with organ arrangement based on the number 2, see : merosity.

See also

References

  1. Nicolas Sluis-Cremer, Noureddine Hamamouch, Ana San Félix, Sonsoles Velázquez, Jan Balzarini, and María-José Camarasa (2006). "Structure-Activity Relationships of - 3'-spiro-5' '-(4' '-amino-1' ',2' '-oxathiole-2' ',2' '-dioxide)thymine Derivatives as Inhibitors of HIV-1 Reverse Transcriptase Dimerization". J. Med. Chem. 49 (16): 4834–4841. doi:10.1021/jm0604575. PMID 16884295.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
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