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{{Campaignbox NATO intervention in Bosnia}} {{Campaignbox NATO intervention in Bosnia}}
'''Operation Maritime Guard''' was a ] blockade in the ] of the ] of the former Yugoslavia.<ref name="globalsecurity1">{{cite web|author=John Pike |url=http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/ops/maritime_guard.htm |title=Operation Maritime Guard |publisher=Globalsecurity.org |date= |accessdate=June 8, 2010}}</ref><ref name="illinois1">{{cite web|url=http://www.euc.illinois.edu/_includes/docs/ReportoninterplayWEB.pdf |title=`The Interplay between Council of Europe, OSCE, EU and NATO' |format=PDF |date= |accessdate=June 8, 2010}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nato.int/acad/fellow/99-01/lemos-maniati.pdf |title=If the prospect of having their conflict "managed" for them by foreigners \(however well intentioned would have been unwelcome |format=PDF |date= |accessdate=June 8, 2010}}</ref> It followed NATO ], and was in support of UNSC Resolution 787, which called upon states acting individually or otherwise to enforce the UN embargoes of the rump Yugoslavia.<ref name="google1">{{cite web|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=C7ruAAAAMAAJ&q=%22operation+maritime+guard%22&dq=%22operation+maritime+guard%22&hl=en&ei=vLgNTM_NIcKAlAeB1Km7Dg&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CC8Q6AEwAA |title=NATO: a beginner's guide – Google Books |publisher=Books.google.com |date=January 29, 2010 |accessdate=June 8, 2010}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=VHtNO3i7oegC&pg=PA86&dq=%22operation+maritime+guard%22&hl=en&ei=vLgNTM_NIcKAlAeB1Km7Dg&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=2&ved=0CDMQ6AEwAQ#v=onepage&q=%22operation%20maritime%20guard%22&f=false |title=Maritime counterproliferation ... – Google Books |publisher=Books.google.com |date= |accessdate=June 8, 2010}}</ref><ref name="illinois1"/><ref name="globalsecurity1"/> '''Operation Maritime Guard''' was a ] blockade in the ] of the ] of the former Yugoslavia.<ref name="globalsecurity1">{{cite web|author=John Pike |url=http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/ops/maritime_guard.htm |title=Operation Maritime Guard |publisher=Globalsecurity.org |date= |accessdate=June 8, 2010}}</ref><ref name="illinois1">{{cite web|url=http://www.euc.illinois.edu/_includes/docs/ReportoninterplayWEB.pdf |title=`The Interplay between Council of Europe, OSCE, EU and NATO' |format=PDF |date= |accessdate=June 8, 2010}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nato.int/acad/fellow/99-01/lemos-maniati.pdf |title=If the prospect of having their conflict "managed" for them by foreigners \(however well intentioned would have been unwelcome |format=PDF |date= |accessdate=June 8, 2010}}</ref> It followed NATO ], and was in support of UNSC Resolution 787, which called upon states acting individually or otherwise to enforce the UN embargoes of the rump Yugoslavia.<ref name="google1">{{cite web|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=C7ruAAAAMAAJ&q=%22operation+maritime+guard%22&dq=%22operation+maritime+guard%22&hl=en&ei=vLgNTM_NIcKAlAeB1Km7Dg&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CC8Q6AEwAA |title=NATO: a beginner's guide – Google Books |publisher=Books.google.com |date=January 29, 2010 |accessdate=June 8, 2010}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=VHtNO3i7oegC&pg=PA86&dq=%22operation+maritime+guard%22&hl=en&ei=vLgNTM_NIcKAlAeB1Km7Dg&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=2&ved=0CDMQ6AEwAQ#v=onepage&q=%22operation%20maritime%20guard%22&f=false |title=Maritime counterproliferation ... – Google Books |publisher=Books.google.com |date= |accessdate=June 8, 2010}}</ref><ref name="illinois1"/><ref name="globalsecurity1"/>


==Scope== ==Scope==
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With support from Turkey, the Netherlands, and Germany, the operation was strengthened to allow for NATO aircraft to shoot down aircraft that violated the blockade.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=UhT4G7aXK9oC&pg=PA67&dq=%22operation+maritime+guard%22&lr=lang_en&as_drrb_is=q&as_minm_is=0&as_miny_is=&as_maxm_is=0&as_maxy_is=&num=100&as_brr=3&ei=ebsNTLHcJYisygS7vuDUCg&client=firefox-a&cd=13#v=onepage&q=%22operation%20maritime%20guard%22&f=false |title=NATO's 'peace-enforcement' tasks and ... – Google Books |publisher=Books.google.com |date= |accessdate=June 8, 2010}}</ref> It was the first authorized use of force to back a UN Security Council Resolution.<ref>http://www.humansecuritygateway.com/documents/CHATHAM_NATO_FromKosovoKabul.pdf</ref> With support from Turkey, the Netherlands, and Germany, the operation was strengthened to allow for NATO aircraft to shoot down aircraft that violated the blockade.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=UhT4G7aXK9oC&pg=PA67&dq=%22operation+maritime+guard%22&lr=lang_en&as_drrb_is=q&as_minm_is=0&as_miny_is=&as_maxm_is=0&as_maxy_is=&num=100&as_brr=3&ei=ebsNTLHcJYisygS7vuDUCg&client=firefox-a&cd=13#v=onepage&q=%22operation%20maritime%20guard%22&f=false |title=NATO's 'peace-enforcement' tasks and ... – Google Books |publisher=Books.google.com |date= |accessdate=June 8, 2010}}</ref> It was the first authorized use of force to back a UN Security Council Resolution.<ref>http://www.humansecuritygateway.com/documents/CHATHAM_NATO_FromKosovoKabul.pdf</ref>

In April 1993, a NATO official said that warships would shoot if necessary to stop a ship to enforce the blockade, with inert munitions which could include machine gun bullets and armor-piercing cannon shells.


==Forces and results== ==Forces and results==

Revision as of 08:29, 8 June 2010

NATO intervention in
Bosnia and Herzegovina

Operation Maritime Guard was a NATO blockade in the international waters of the Adriatic Sea of the former Yugoslavia. It followed NATO Operation Maritime Monitor, and was in support of UNSC Resolution 787, which called upon states acting individually or otherwise to enforce the UN embargoes of the rump Yugoslavia.

Scope

The operation began on November 22, 1992. It authorized NATO to use force, and included stopping, inspecting, and diverting ships bound for the former Yugoslavia. All ships bound to or coming from the territorial waters of the former Yugoslavia were halted for inspection and verification of their cargoes and destinations.

With support from Turkey, the Netherlands, and Germany, the operation was strengthened to allow for NATO aircraft to shoot down aircraft that violated the blockade. It was the first authorized use of force to back a UN Security Council Resolution.

In April 1993, a NATO official said that warships would shoot if necessary to stop a ship to enforce the blockade, with inert munitions which could include machine gun bullets and armor-piercing cannon shells.

Forces and results

The USS Kauffman, which took part in Operation Maritime Guard

The blockade comprised destroyers from Turkey, Italy, Germany, Greece, and the United Kingdom, and frigates from the United States and the Netherlands, assisted by NATO Maritime Patrol Aircraft. The USS Kauffman and USS Theodore Roosevelt were among the warships that took part in the operation. AWACS supported the effort with its sophisticated maritime radar by providing blockading ships with long-range sea surveillance coverage.

The blockade was directed by the Commander-in-Chief Allied Forces Southern Europe, U.S. Admiral Mike Boorda.

Under the blockade, 12,367 ships were contacted, 1,032 of them were inspected or diverted to a port to be inspected, and 9 ships were found to be violating the UN embargoes.

Successor

Its successor was Operation Sharp Guard. That was a multi-year joint naval blockade in the Adriatic Sea by NATO and the Western European Union on shipments to the former Yugoslavia that began on June 15, 1993, was suspended on June 19, 1996, and was terminated on October 2, 1996.

See also

References

  1. ^ John Pike. "Operation Maritime Guard". Globalsecurity.org. Retrieved June 8, 2010.
  2. ^ "`The Interplay between Council of Europe, OSCE, EU and NATO'" (PDF). Retrieved June 8, 2010.
  3. "If the prospect of having their conflict "managed" for them by foreigners \(however well intentioned would have been unwelcome" (PDF). Retrieved June 8, 2010.
  4. ^ "NATO: a beginner's guide – Google Books". Books.google.com. January 29, 2010. Retrieved June 8, 2010.
  5. "Maritime counterproliferation ... – Google Books". Books.google.com. Retrieved June 8, 2010.
  6. ^ "NATO and the former Yugoslavia ... – Google Books". Books.google.com. Retrieved June 8, 2010.
  7. "The Air Force Law Review – Google Books". Books.google.com. Retrieved June 8, 2010.
  8. http://www.dtic.mil/cgi-bin/GetTRDoc?AD=ADA438886&Location=U2&doc=GetTRDoc.pdf
  9. "NATO's 'peace-enforcement' tasks and ... – Google Books". Books.google.com. Retrieved June 8, 2010.
  10. http://www.humansecuritygateway.com/documents/CHATHAM_NATO_FromKosovoKabul.pdf
  11. "Triumph of the lack of will ... – Google Books". Books.google.com. May 27, 2005. Retrieved June 8, 2010.
  12. http://www.dtic.mil/cgi-bin/GetTRDoc?AD=ADA461623&Location=U2&doc=GetTRDoc.pdf
  13. http://www.history.navy.mil/shiphist/k/ffg-59/1993.pdf
  14. "NATO AWACS: Alliance Keystone for Out-of-Area Operations". Journal.forces.gc.ca. Retrieved June 8, 2010.
  15. "Naval coalition warfare: from the ... – Google Books". Books.google.com. Retrieved June 7, 2010.
  16. "Naval blockade lifts in Adriatic – World, News". The Independent. June 20, 1996. Retrieved June 7, 2010.
  17. NPR : Transcripts Search Results
  18. "American defense policy – Google Books". Books.google.com. Retrieved June 7, 2010.

External links

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