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| '''Mohammad Daoud Oudeh''' ({{lang-ar|محمد عودة}}), commonly known as '''Abu Daoud''' or '''Abu Dawud''' ({{lang-ar|أبو داود}}) (1936/37, ] – July 3, 2010, ])<ref>Bard, Mitchell. France24.com. July 3, 2010.</ref> was a ] politician and militia commander in ] and the ] (PLO), known as the planner, architect and mastermind of the ]. He served in a number of commanding functions in |
'''Mohammad Daoud Oudeh''' ({{lang-ar|محمد عودة}}), commonly known as '''Abu Daoud''' or '''Abu Dawud''' ({{lang-ar|أبو داود}}) (1936/37, ] – July 3, 2010, ])<ref>Bard, Mitchell. France24.com. July 3, 2010.</ref> was a ] politician and militia commander in ] and the ] (PLO), known as the planner, architect and mastermind of the ]. He served in a number of commanding functions in Fatah's armed units in ] and ]. | ||
| == |
==Biography== | ||
| ⚫ | Oudeh lived in ] until the 1967 ], when he was displaced as ] captured the eastern portion of the city; he resettled in ], where he joined the ]. In 1970, Daoud was one of the founders of Fatah. From 1971, he was leader of the ], a Fatah offshoot created to avenge the ] of the ] Movement from ] and carry out international operations. The group gained international notoriety for its role in the ] at the ], in which a number of athletes on the Israeli team were taken hostage by Black September. Eleven Israeli athletes and a German policeman were killed by the end of the multi-day standoff. The group was disbanded in 1973–1974, but during and after these years, many Black September members were killed in an ]i ]. | ||
| Daoud lived in ] until the 1967 ], when he was displaced as ] captured the eastern portion of the city; he resettled in ], where he joined the ]. | |||
| ⚫ | After the Black September operations, Abu Daoud resumed public work within Fatah and the PLO in close collaboration with ] and other officials. He led armed units in ] during the ]. In January 1977, Oudeh was intercepted by French police in ] while travelling from ] under an assumed name.<ref name="'70s 319">{{cite book |title=How We Got Here: The '70s|last= Frum|first= David|authorlink=David Frum|year= 2000|publisher=Basic Books|location=New York, New York|isbn=0465041957|page=319}}</ref> Under protest from the PLO, ], and ], who claimed that because Oudeh was traveling to a PLO comrade's funeral he should receive ], the French government refused a ] ] request on grounds that forms had not been filled in properly and put him on a plane to ] before ] could submit another request.<ref name="'70s 319"/> After the ] ], Oudeh fled to ], then to banon]] until the 1975 ] broke out, then back to ]. | ||
| == Involvement with Black September == | |||
| ⚫ | In 1970, Daoud was one of the founders of |
||
| ⚫ | On July 27, 1981, Oudeh was shot 13 times from a distance of around two meters in a ] Victoria hotel coffee shop, but he survived the attack, chasing his would-be assassin down to the front entrance before collapsing. Oudeh claimed the attempted assassination was carried out by a Palestinian double agent recruited by the ], and claimed the would be assassin was executed by the PLO ten years later. | ||
| == 1970s and 1980s == | |||
| ⚫ | After the |
||
| ⚫ | After the 1993 ] he moved to ] in the ]. Following a trip to ], Oudeh was banned from returning to Ramallah after his ''Memoirs of a Palestinian Terrorist'' was published. He settled with his family in ], the only country which would take him. | ||
| ⚫ | |||
| ⚫ | Oudeh lived his later life with his wife on a pension provided by the ]. He gave interviews to ] and other Arab and international media outlets about his life, the Munich events, and Palestinian politics. He was allowed safe passage through Israel in 1996, so he could attend a PLO meeting in the ] to rescind an article in the PLO charter calling for Israel's eradication. He said his commandos never intended to harm the Israeli athletes, only to use them as bargaining chips to free 236 Palestinian prisoners and blamed their deaths on the German Police and the stubbornness of then Israeli Prime Minister ].<ref>Bard, Mitchell. Jewish Virtual Library.</ref> On September 5, 1972, eight Black September gunmen scaled the perimeter fence surrounding the Olympic athletes' village, their weapons concealed in sports bags amid relaxed security. Daoud stated two Israeli Olympic athletes were killed at the start of the operation because they resisted the commandos at the onset. Despite promises to the contrary, Daoud said German police went back on their word and opened fire on the ] guerrillas and the hostages at the airport after promising to let them leave. | ||
| ⚫ | After the 1993 ] he moved to ] in the ]. Following a trip to ] |
||
| ⚫ | The killings created a public outcry against the Palestinian cause. However, Oudeh reiterated that he had no regrets about his involvement in the ] attacks. A spokesman for the ] at the time the Munich massacres occurred later stated the motive for the operation was to attract publicity for the Palestinian cause and to win release of Palestinian prisoners held by Israel. "Before Munich, we were simply terrorists. After Munich, at least people started asking 'who are these terrorists? What do they want?' Before Munich, nobody had the slightest idea about Palestine." The idea for the ] attack came from ] leaders, angry that ] athletes were overlooked for Olympic participation, while at a sidewalk cafe in ]. | ||
| == 1990s and 2000s== | |||
| Daoud lived his later life with his wife on a pension provided by the ]. Abu Daoud participated in interviews on ] and other Arab and international media outlets about his life, the Munich events, and Palestinian politics. | |||
| Daoud was allowed safe passage through Israel in 1996, so he could attend a ] meeting in the ] to rescind an article in the ] charter calling for ]'s eradication. | |||
| ⚫ | |||
| ⚫ | |||
| He published his autobiography ''Palestine: From Jerusalem to Munich'' in French in 1999. It was later published in English as ''Memoirs of a Palestinian Terrorist'', also titled ''Palestine-A History of the Resistance Movement, by the Sole Survivor of Black September'' by Arcade Publishing in hardcover format.<ref></ref> The English version is now out of print. The book is a first hand account of the rise of the Palestinian resistance movement from its inception to the attack at the ]. Regarding the book and his subsequently being barred from returning to the ] self-ruled ], "The Israeli decision to bar my return is linked to an event which happened 27 years ago, the Munich operation, which we considered a legitimate struggle against the enemy we (the PLO) were fighting."<ref name="reuters1">Makdesi, Marwan, Dominic Evans and Jon Hemming. ]. July 3, 2010.</ref> | He published his autobiography ''Palestine: From Jerusalem to Munich'' in French in 1999. It was later published in English as ''Memoirs of a Palestinian Terrorist'', also titled ''Palestine-A History of the Resistance Movement, by the Sole Survivor of Black September'' by Arcade Publishing in hardcover format.<ref></ref> The English version is now out of print. The book is a first hand account of the rise of the Palestinian resistance movement from its inception to the attack at the ]. Regarding the book and his subsequently being barred from returning to the ] self-ruled ], "The Israeli decision to bar my return is linked to an event which happened 27 years ago, the Munich operation, which we considered a legitimate struggle against the enemy we (the PLO) were fighting."<ref name="reuters1">Makdesi, Marwan, Dominic Evans and Jon Hemming. ]. July 3, 2010.</ref> | ||
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Mohammad Daoud Oudeh (Template:Lang-ar), commonly known as Abu Daoud or Abu Dawud (Template:Lang-ar) (1936/37, Silwan – July 3, 2010, Damascus) was a Palestinian politician and militia commander in Fatah and the Palestinian Liberation Organization (PLO), known as the planner, architect and mastermind of the Munich massacre. He served in a number of commanding functions in Fatah's armed units in Lebanon and Jordan.
Biography
Oudeh lived in Jerusalem until the 1967 Six-Day War, when he was displaced as Israel captured the eastern portion of the city; he resettled in Jordan, where he joined the PLO. In 1970, Daoud was one of the founders of Fatah. From 1971, he was leader of the Black September, a Fatah offshoot created to avenge the September 1970 expulsion of the Fedayeen Movement from Jordan and carry out international operations. The group gained international notoriety for its role in the Munich massacre at the 1972 Munich Olympics, in which a number of athletes on the Israeli team were taken hostage by Black September. Eleven Israeli athletes and a German policeman were killed by the end of the multi-day standoff. The group was disbanded in 1973–1974, but during and after these years, many Black September members were killed in an Israeli assassination campaign.
After the Black September operations, Abu Daoud resumed public work within Fatah and the PLO in close collaboration with Abu Iyad and other officials. He led armed units in Lebanon during the Lebanese Civil War. In January 1977, Oudeh was intercepted by French police in Paris while travelling from Beirut under an assumed name. Under protest from the PLO, Iraq, and Libya, who claimed that because Oudeh was traveling to a PLO comrade's funeral he should receive diplomatic immunity, the French government refused a West German extradition request on grounds that forms had not been filled in properly and put him on a plane to Algeria before Germany could submit another request. After the 1972 Munich Olympics Massacre, Oudeh fled to Eastern Europe, then to banon]] until the 1975 Lebanese Civil War broke out, then back to Jordan.
On July 27, 1981, Oudeh was shot 13 times from a distance of around two meters in a Warsaw Victoria hotel coffee shop, but he survived the attack, chasing his would-be assassin down to the front entrance before collapsing. Oudeh claimed the attempted assassination was carried out by a Palestinian double agent recruited by the Mossad, and claimed the would be assassin was executed by the PLO ten years later.
After the 1993 Oslo Accords he moved to Ramallah in the West Bank. Following a trip to Jordan, Oudeh was banned from returning to Ramallah after his Memoirs of a Palestinian Terrorist was published. He settled with his family in Syria, the only country which would take him.
Oudeh lived his later life with his wife on a pension provided by the Palestinian Authority. He gave interviews to Aljazeera and other Arab and international media outlets about his life, the Munich events, and Palestinian politics. He was allowed safe passage through Israel in 1996, so he could attend a PLO meeting in the Gaza Strip to rescind an article in the PLO charter calling for Israel's eradication. He said his commandos never intended to harm the Israeli athletes, only to use them as bargaining chips to free 236 Palestinian prisoners and blamed their deaths on the German Police and the stubbornness of then Israeli Prime Minister Golda Meir. On September 5, 1972, eight Black September gunmen scaled the perimeter fence surrounding the Olympic athletes' village, their weapons concealed in sports bags amid relaxed security. Daoud stated two Israeli Olympic athletes were killed at the start of the operation because they resisted the commandos at the onset. Despite promises to the contrary, Daoud said German police went back on their word and opened fire on the Black September guerrillas and the hostages at the airport after promising to let them leave.
The killings created a public outcry against the Palestinian cause. However, Oudeh reiterated that he had no regrets about his involvement in the Munich attacks. A spokesman for the Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine at the time the Munich massacres occurred later stated the motive for the operation was to attract publicity for the Palestinian cause and to win release of Palestinian prisoners held by Israel. "Before Munich, we were simply terrorists. After Munich, at least people started asking 'who are these terrorists? What do they want?' Before Munich, nobody had the slightest idea about Palestine." The idea for the Munich attack came from PLO leaders, angry that Palestinian athletes were overlooked for Olympic participation, while at a sidewalk cafe in Rome.
He published his autobiography Palestine: From Jerusalem to Munich in French in 1999. It was later published in English as Memoirs of a Palestinian Terrorist, also titled Palestine-A History of the Resistance Movement, by the Sole Survivor of Black September by Arcade Publishing in hardcover format. The English version is now out of print. The book is a first hand account of the rise of the Palestinian resistance movement from its inception to the attack at the 1972 Munich Olympics. Regarding the book and his subsequently being barred from returning to the Palestinian self-ruled West Bank, "The Israeli decision to bar my return is linked to an event which happened 27 years ago, the Munich operation, which we considered a legitimate struggle against the enemy we (the PLO) were fighting."
Death
On July 3, 2010, Daoud died of kidney failure at Al-Andalus Hospital in Damascus, Syria. After a funeral service in the Al-Wasim Mosque in Yarmouk with his coffin draped in the Palestinian flag, Daoud was buried in the Martyrs Cemetery of the Yarmouk Palestinian refugee camp on the southern outskirts of Damascus. He was survived by five daughters and a son. His daughter Hana Oudeh, in the eulogy, said her father was "a great loving and sincere man whose dream was to go back to Palestine." Representatives of various Palestinian groups, including Fatah and Islamic Jihad, attended the funeral. Shortly before his death, an unrepentant Oudeh said in a statement to Israelis "Today, I cannot fight you anymore, but my grandson will and his grandsons too."
References
- Bard, Mitchell. "Mastermind behind the Munich Olympics attacks dies". France24.com. July 3, 2010.
- ^ Frum, David (2000). How We Got Here: The '70s. New York, New York: Basic Books. p. 319. ISBN 0465041957.
- Bard, Mitchell. "The Munich Massacre." Jewish Virtual Library.
- Memoirs of a Palestinian Terrorist.
- ^ Makdesi, Marwan, Dominic Evans and Jon Hemming. "Palestinian who planned Munich attack dies in Syria". Reuters. July 3, 2010.
- "Planner of deadly Munich Olympics attack dies in Syria". Haaretz Daily Newspaper. July 3, 2010.{{
External links
- MacKinnon, Ian. "Article: I do not regret athletes' deaths, says Munich massacre plotter", The Times Online, Dec. 28. 2005. Accessed June 18, 2006.
- Mastermind of Munich Massacre to Receive the Palestine Prize
- "Thirty years after he helped plan the terror strike, Abu Daoud remains in hiding – and unrepentant". Sports Illustrated. August 20, 2002.