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Mohammad Daoud Oudeh (Template:Lang-ar), commonly known as Abu Daoud or Abu Dawud (Template:Lang-ar) (1936/37, Silwan – July 3, 2010, Damascus) was a Palestinian terrorist known as the planner, architect and mastermind of the Munich massacre. He served in a number of commanding functions in Fatah's armed units in Lebanon and Jordan.

Biography

Oudeh lived in Jerusalem until the 1967 Six-Day War, when he was displaced as Israel captured the eastern portion of the city; he resettled in Jordan, where he joined the PLO. In 1970, Daoud was one of the founders of Fatah. From 1971, he was leader of the Black September, a Fatah offshoot created to avenge the September 1970 expulsion of the Fedayeen Movement from Jordan and carry out international operations. The group gained international notoriety for its role in the Munich massacre at the 1972 Munich Olympics, in which a number of athletes on the Israeli team were taken hostage by Black September. Eleven Israeli athletes and a German policeman were killed by the end of the multi-day standoff.

After the Black September operations, Oudeh resumed his activity in Fatah and the PLO in close collaboration with Abu Iyad and other officials. He led armed units in Lebanon during the Lebanese Civil War. In January 1977, Oudeh was intercepted by French police in Paris while travelling from Beirut under an assumed name. Under protest from the PLO, Iraq, and Libya, who claimed that because Oudeh was traveling to a PLO comrade's funeral he should receive diplomatic immunity, the French government refused a West German extradition request on grounds that forms had not been filled in properly and put him on a plane to Algeria before Germany could submit another request. After the 1972 Munich Olympics Massacre, Oudeh fled to Eastern Europe, then to Lebanon until the 1975 Lebanese Civil War broke out, then back to Jordan.

On July 27, 1981, Oudeh was shot 13 times from a distance of around two meters in a Warsaw Victoria hotel coffee shop, but he survived the attack, chasing his would-be assassin down to the front entrance before collapsing. Oudeh claimed the attempted assassination was carried out by a Palestinian double agent recruited by the Mossad, and claimed the would-be assassin was executed by the PLO ten years later.

After the 1993 Oslo Accords, he moved to Ramallah in the West Bank. Following a trip to Jordan and the publication of his memoirs, Oudeh was banned from returning to Ramallah. He settled with his family in Syria, the only country that would take him. He lived on a pension provided by the Palestinian Authority and gave interviews to Aljazeera and other Arab and international media outlets about his life, the Munich events, and Palestinian politics. Oudeh was allowed safe passage through Israel in 1996, so he could attend a PLO meeting in the Gaza Strip to rescind an article in the PLO charter calling for Israel's eradication.

Oudeh said his commandos did not intend to harm the Israeli athletes, but only to use them as bargaining chips to free 236 Palestinian prisoners. He blamed their deaths on the German Police and the stubbornness of then Israeli Prime Minister Golda Meir. Oudeh said two of the athletes were killed at the start of the operation because they resisted the commandos. Despite promises to the contrary, Oudeh said German police went back on their word and opened fire on the militants and hostages at the airport after promising to let them leave. The killings created a public outcry against the Palestinian cause. However, Oudeh reiterated that he had no regrets about his involvement. A spokesman for the Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine later stated the motive for the operation was to attract publicity. "Before Munich, we were simply terrorists. After Munich, at least people started asking 'who are these terrorists? What do they want?' Before Munich, nobody had the slightest idea about Palestine." The idea for the Munich attack came from PLO leaders, angry that Palestinian athletes were overlooked for Olympic participation, while at a sidewalk cafe in Rome.

Published works

He published his autobiography Palestine: From Jerusalem to Munich in French in 1999. It was later published in English as Memoirs of a Palestinian Terrorist, also titled Palestine-A History of the Resistance Movement, by the Sole Survivor of Black September by Arcade Publishing in hardcover format. The English version is now out of print. The book is a first hand account of the rise of the Palestinian resistance movement from its inception to the attack at the 1972 Munich Olympics. Regarding the book and his subsequently being barred from returning to the West Bank, "The Israeli decision to bar my return is linked to an event which happened 27 years ago, the Munich operation, which we considered a legitimate struggle against the enemy we (the PLO) were fighting."

Death

On July 3, 2010, Oudeh died of kidney failure at Al-Andalus Hospital in Damascus, Syria. After a funeral service in the Al-Wasim Mosque in Yarmouk with his coffin draped in the Palestinian flag, Daoud was buried in the Martyrs Cemetery of the Yarmouk Palestinian refugee camp on the southern outskirts of Damascus. He was survived by five daughters and a son. His daughter Hana Oudeh, in the eulogy, said her father was "a great loving and sincere man whose dream was to go back to Palestine." Representatives of various Palestinian groups, including Fatah and Islamic Jihad, attended the funeral. Shortly before his death, an unrepentant Oudeh said in a statement to Israelis "Today, I cannot fight you anymore, but my grandson will and his grandsons too."

References

1. Bard, Mitchell. "Mastermind behind the Munich Olympics attacks dies". France24.com. July 3, 2010.
2. ^ Frum, David (2000). How We Got Here: The '70s. New York, New York: Basic Books. p. 319. ISBN 0465041957.
3. Bard, Mitchell. "The Munich Massacre." Jewish Virtual Library.
4. Memoirs of a Palestinian Terrorist.
5. ^ Makdesi, Marwan, Dominic Evans and Jon Hemming. "Palestinian who planned Munich attack dies in Syria". Reuters. July 3, 2010.
6. "Planner of deadly Munich Olympics attack dies in Syria". Haaretz Daily Newspaper. July 3, 2010.{{

External links

• MacKinnon, Ian. "Article: I do not regret athletes' deaths, says Munich massacre plotter", The Times Online, Dec. 28. 2005. Accessed June 18, 2006.
• Mastermind of Munich Massacre to Receive the Palestine Prize
• "Thirty years after he helped plan the terror strike, Abu Daoud remains in hiding – and unrepentant". Sports Illustrated. August 20, 2002.

• Recent deaths
• 2010 deaths
• Fatah members
• Members of Black September (group)
• Munich Massacre
• Deaths from renal failure
• 1930s births