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	The National Highways Bill, passed in 1995, provides for private investment in the building and maintenance of the highways. Recently, a number of new roads have been classified as "NHs" in a move to provide national connectivity to remote places. ] have also recently been constructed around larger towns and cities to provide uninterrupted passage for highway traffic. The varied climactic, demographic, ], and sometimes political situation, prevents these highways from having a uniform character. They range from fully-paved, six-lane roads in some areas, to unpaved stretches in remote places. Many NH's are still being upgraded or are under construction. There are long NH's to connect the metros together, as well as short spurs off the highway to provide connectivity to nearby ports or harbors. The longest National Highway is the NH7,<ref name="ref3"></ref> which runs between ] in ] to ] in ], at the southernmost point of the Indian mainland, covering a distance of 2369 km, and passes through Hyderabad and ]. The shortest NH is the NH47A,<ref name="ref4">,<br> </ref> which spans 6 km, to the ] - ] Port.		The National Highways Bill, passed in 1995, provides for private investment in the building and maintenance of the highways. Recently, a number of new roads have been classified as "NHs" in a move to provide national connectivity to remote places. ] have also recently been constructed around larger towns and cities to provide uninterrupted passage for highway traffic. The varied climactic, demographic, ], and sometimes political situation, prevents these highways from having a uniform character. They range from fully-paved, six-lane roads in some areas, to unpaved stretches in remote places. Many NH's are still being upgraded or are under construction. There are long NH's to connect the metros together, as well as short spurs off the highway to provide connectivity to nearby ports or harbors. The longest National Highway is the NH7,<ref name="ref3"></ref> which runs between ] in ] to ] in ], at the southernmost point of the Indian mainland, covering a distance of 2369 km, and passes through Hyderabad and ]. The shortest NH is the NH47A,<ref name="ref4">,<br> </ref> which spans 6 km, to the ] - ] Port.

	== Phase III NH-205 Road widening Controversy - 22Km Stretch and Project status (June 2010) ==
	] sources confirmed the awarding of ] - ] - ] section, a 126km stretch of NH-205 to be Four Laned to Transstroy -OJSC Consortium(JV) Indian-Russian, but the 22km stretch from ] to ] which has been a request from residents on both sides of this road for 20 years is still in LIMBO and IN COLD STORAGE. Times of India cites NHAI officials, Tamil Nadu Government, Local District and Municipality Authorities, TamilNadu Revenue Department and Local Police are all in a multiple matrix blame game pointing fingers at each other for the inaction on road widening project, resulting for it to be IN COLD STORAGE. <ref> Madras-Tirupati High Road widening plan in cold storage http://lite.epaper.timesofindia.com/mobile.aspx?article=yes&pageid=4&sectid=edid=&edlabel=TOICH&mydateHid=16-06-2010&pubname=Times%20of%20India%20-%20Chennai%20-%20Front%20Page&edname=&articleid=Ar00404&publabel=TOI </ref> Local residents believe that the authorities are unwilling to clear away encroachments.

	Tamil Nadu Vanigar Sangankam which supports thousands of Encroachment shops on highway land sent hundreds of telegrams to Chief Minister ] to stop the road widening project which would have benefited millions of residents in ], ], ], ], ], ] and ]. <br> <br>] and ] sources cites that 2000 Enroachments shops managed to get priority over millions of residents suffering with everyday accidents and deaths with ] and the road widening project in the 22km stretch is IN COLD STORAGE. NH-205 portion from ] to ] is only 20ft in some stretches due to encroachments and a max of 30ft motorable through the entire stretch. <ref>CTH Road from PADI to Tirupathi (NH205) needs urgent widening http://www.mynews.in/news_details.php?nid=62884 </ref> Notable junctions like Canara Bank in Ambattur is only 20ft. <ref> NDTV report on NH-205 road condition http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=f4594ZFSTxU </ref> Accidents on this road have been on the rise since 2007 and fatalities are a common occurrence in this road. In 2009 alone, over 100 people have died in the stretch from ] to ] and 400 people injured. <ref> Highway to Hell http://expressbuzz.com/Cities/Chennai/highway-to-hell/142342.html </ref> <br> <br>] sources continue to point fingers at the State Government for not supporting the clearing of encroachments on the highway land in the stretch from ] to ]. Lack of proper drainage systems from ] and ] Muncipalities is also cited for inaction. <ref> Work on 6-laning of MTH stretch to kickstart soon http://epaper.timesofindia.com/Default/Layout/Includes/TOINEW/ArtWin.asp?From=Archive&Source=Page&Skin=TOINEW&BaseHref=TOICH%2F2009%2F07%2F21&ViewMode=HTML&GZ=T&PageLabel=4&EntityId=Ar00401&AppName=1 </ref>.
	] sources cites that local authorities in ] and ] are supportive of the thousands of encroachment shops and are not cooperative to ] for the road widening project for the 22km stretch from ] - ] which would benefit millions of residents along the Chennai Tiruvallur High Road corridor. <br><br> ] sources say that the Detailed Project Report(DPR) to extend the 22km stretch has been unsupported by Local authorities in Tiruvallur District and they have only agreed to see if the road can be extended to a 32ft width road wherever possible as they are unwilling to clear away the encroachment shops along the 22km stretch. <ref> Chennai suburbs developing, amenities lagging behind http://www.hindu.com/2010/06/15/stories/2010061550470300.htm </ref> ] sources have also confirmed that the 126 km stretch from ] to ] has been entrusted to ] on May 2010, but the 22km km stretch from ] - ] which has been much awaited by the residents along the NH-205 corridor including ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ] and ] for the past 20 years is IN COLD STORAGE due to authorities unwilling to handle clearing of encroachment shops on highway land. The 126 km stretch is expected to be completed in 30 months by December 2012.<ref> http://www.nhai.org/chain_phIII.asp </ref>

	==Blame Game Continues between officials for inaction on clearing away encroachments on highway land==
	] Vs ] Vs ] Vs '''TamilNadu Revenue Department''' Vs '''Ambattur, Avadi Municipalities and Tiruvallur District''' resulting in ''22Km Stretch NH-205 Road Widening Project IN COLD STORAGE ''<ref> Madras-Tirupati High Road widening plan in cold storage http://lite.epaper.timesofindia.com/mobile.aspx?article=yes&pageid=4&sectid=edid=&edlabel=TOICH&mydateHid=16-06-2010&pubname=Times%20of%20India%20-%20Chennai%20-%20Front%20Page&edname=&articleid=Ar00404&publabel=TOI </ref>
	==Indian road network==		==Indian road network==
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	==References and notes==		==References and notes==

Revision as of 05:16, 8 July 2010

This article is about Indian National Highways. For Indian Expressways, see National Expressway (India).

In India, the National Highways are the primary long-distance roadways. Most are maintained by the Government of India, others are operated under a public-private partnership by the private sector. Most are two-lane (one in each direction). They span about 67,000 km (42,000 mi), of which about 200 km (120 mi) are designated expressways and 10,000 km (6,200 mi) have four lanes or more. National highways constitute approximately 2% of the total road network of India, but carry nearly 40% of the total traffic. The National Highways Development Project, currently being implemented, seeks to massively expand India's highway network.

Historical national highways

Evolution of the Indian road network — The main map shows routes that have existed since Mughal times, Inset A shows the major cultural currents of the prehistoric period, B shows pre-Mauryan Indian routes, C shows the Mauryan network, D shows the trade routes at the beginning of the Christian era, and E shows the Indian "Z".

In ancient times the ruling monarchs constructed many brick roads in cities. The most famous highway of medieval India was the Grand Trunk Road. The Grand Trunk Road begins in Sonargaonnear Dhaka, Bangladesh and ends in Peshawar, Pakistan. It travels through or near many important cities of the subcontinent, including Dhaka in Bangladesh, Kolkata, Patna, Varanasi, Kanpur, Agra, Delhi, Panipat, Ludhiana, Jalandhar, and Amritsar in India, and Lahore and Peshawar in Pakistan. In the 19th century, the British upgraded the existing highway network, and built roads in treacherous areas such as the Western Ghats.

Current system

Main article: List of National Highways in India

India has 67,000 km of highways connecting all the major cities and state capitals. Most are two-lane highways with paved roads. In developed areas they may broaden to four lanes, while near large cities, they may expand to eight lanes. In most developed states, the roads are free of potholes. In less-developed states and sparsely populated areas, inadequate maintenance and the harsh monsoon results in potholed roads. Very few of India's highways are built from concrete. As of 2010, 19,064 km (11,846 mi) of the National Highway system still consists of single-laned roads. The government is currently working to ensure that by December 2014 the entire NH network consists of roads with two or more lanes.

India has the distinction of having the world's second highest-altitude motor highway, Leh-Manali Highway, connecting Shimla to Leh in Ladakh, Kashmir.

Highways form the economic backbone of the country. Highways have often facilitated development along their routes, and many new towns have sprung up along major highways. Highways also have large numbers of small restaurants and inns (known as dhabas) along their length. They serve popular local cuisine and serve as truck stops.

Recent developments

Under former Prime Minister Atal Behari Vajpayee, India launched a massive program of highway upgrades, called the National Highway Development Project (NHDP), in which the main north-south and east-west connecting corridors and highways connecting the four metropolitan cities have been fully paved and widened into 4-lane highways. Some of the busier National Highway sectors in India have been converted to four or six lane expressways – for example, Delhi-Agra, Delhi-Jaipur, Ahmedabad-Vadodara, Mumbai-Pune, Mumbai-Surat, Bangalore-Mysore, Bangalore-Chennai, Chennai-Tada,Delhi-Meerut Hyderabad-Vijayawada and Guntur-Vijayawada. Phase V of the National Highway Development Project is to convert all 6000 km of the Golden Quadrilateral Highways to 6-lane highways/expressways by 2012.

The National Highways Bill, passed in 1995, provides for private investment in the building and maintenance of the highways. Recently, a number of new roads have been classified as "NHs" in a move to provide national connectivity to remote places. Bypasses have also recently been constructed around larger towns and cities to provide uninterrupted passage for highway traffic. The varied climactic, demographic, traffic, and sometimes political situation, prevents these highways from having a uniform character. They range from fully-paved, six-lane roads in some areas, to unpaved stretches in remote places. Many NH's are still being upgraded or are under construction. There are long NH's to connect the metros together, as well as short spurs off the highway to provide connectivity to nearby ports or harbors. The longest National Highway is the NH7, which runs between Varanasi in Uttar Pradesh to Kanyakumari in Tamil Nadu, at the southernmost point of the Indian mainland, covering a distance of 2369 km, and passes through Hyderabad and Bangalore. The shortest NH is the NH47A, which spans 6 km, to the Ernakulam - Kochi Port.

Indian road network

**Indian Road Network**
Class	Length (km)
Access Controlled Expressways	200
4-6 lane Divided Highways (with service rd in crowded areas)	10000
National Highways	66,590
State Highways	1,31,899
Major district roads	4,67,763
Rural & other roads	26,50,000
Total (approx)	33,00,000

Gallery

References and notes

CIA World Factbook, India
Contemporary India — II, NCERT Social Science textbook, 2005 Edition,
Road Network Assessment by National Highway Authority of India
Article on Archnet
K. Balchand. "Two-laning of entire NH network by 2014". The Hindu.
Adventure Tourism in India
http://www.roughguides.com/website/travel/destination/content/default.aspx?titleid=3&xid=idh333055304_0550
Maps of India
List Kerala,
India9.com
Road Network report by National Highway Authority of India

External links

v t e Highways in India
Expressways	Agra–Lucknow Ahmedabad–Vadodara Ambala–Chandigarh Bangalore Elevated Belghoria Chennai Bypass Chennai ORR Delhi–Faridabad Delhi–Gurgaon Delhi–Meerut Delhi–Noida Delhi Eastern Peripheral Delhi Western Peripheral Noida–Greater Noida Himalayan Hyderabad Elevated Hyderabad ORR Jaipur–Kishangarh Mumbai–Pune Mumbai–Nashik Mumbai Eastern Mumbai Western Panipat Elevated Purvanchal Raipur–Bhilai–Durg Trans-Haryana Expressway Vijayawada–Hyderabad Yamuna
National highways (list)	1 301 501 701 701A 2 102 102A 102B 102C 202 302 502 502A 702 702A 702B 702C 702D 3 103 303 503 503A 703 703A 703B 4 5 105 105B 205 205A 305 505 505A 705 6 106 206 306 306A 7 107 107A 307 507 707 707A 907 907A 907G 8 108 108A 108B 208 208A 9 109 109K 309 309A 309B 509 709 709A 709AD 709B 10 110 310 310A 510 710 11 311 911 911A 12 112 312 512 13 113 313 513 713 713A 14 114 114A 314 15 115 215 315 315A 415 515 715 715A 16 116 116A 116B 216 216A 316 316A 516 516A 516C 516D 516E 716 716A 716B 17 117 117A 217 317 317A 517 717 717A 717B 18 118 218 19 119 219 319 319D 419 519 719 919 20 120 220 320 320D 320G 520 720 21 321 321G 921 22 122 122A 122B 322 522 722 922 23 123 24 124C 124D 25 125 325 925 925A 26 126 126A 326 326A 27 127 127A 127B 127C 127D 127E 227 227A 227F 227J 227L 327 327A 327AD 327B 327C 427 527 527A 527B 527C 527D 527E 627 727 727A 727AA 727B 727BB 727G 727H 927 927A 927D 28 128 128A 128B 128C 328 328A 29 129 129A 229 329 329A 30 130 130A 130B 130C 130CD 130D 230 330 330A 330B 330D 530 530B 730 730A 730B 730C 730H 730S 930 930D 31 131 131A 231 331 431 531 731 731A 731AG 731K 931 931A 32 132 132B 332 332A 532 33 133 133A 133B 333 333A 333B 333C 34 134 234 334 334A 334B 334C 334D 334DD 534 734 934 35 135 135A 135B 135BB 135BD 135BG 135C 335 36 136 136B 336 536 37 137 137A 38 138 338 39 139 339 339B 539 40 140 340 340C 41 141 341 42 43 143 143A 143AG 143B 143D 143H 343 543 943 44 144 144A 244 244A 344 344A 344B 344M 444 444A 544 544D 544DD 544E 544H 744 744A 844 944 45 46 146 146B 346 47 147 147A 147D 147E 247 347 347A 347B 347BG 347C 547 547E 647 947 48 148 148AE 148B 148BB 148C 148D 148M 148N 148NA 248 248A 248BB 348 348A 348B 348BB 448 548 548A 548B 548C 548CC 548D 548DD 548E 548H 648 748 748AA 848 848A 848B 948 948A 49 149 149B 50 150 150A 150E 51 151 151A 251 351 351F 751 751D 751DD 52 152 152A 152D 352 352A 352R 352W 552 552G 652 752 752B 752C 752E 752G 752H 752I 752K 53 153 153B 353 353B 353C 353D 353E 353I 353J 353K 753 753A 753AB 753B 753BB 753C 753E 753F 753H 753J 753L 753M 953 54 154 154A 254 354 354B 354E 754 754K 954 55 655 56 156 756 57 157 157A 58 158 458 758 59 60 160 160A 160B 160C 160D 160H 360 61 161 161A 161AA 161B 161BB 161E 161G 161H 361 361B 361C 361F 361H 461B 561 561A 761 62 162 162A 63 163 163A 363 563 64 65 165 365 365A 365B 365BB 465 565 765 765D 965 965C 965D 965DD 965G 66 166 166A 166D 166E 166F 166G 166H 266 366 566 766 766C 766E 766EE 966 966A 966B 67 167 167A 167B 167BG 367 367A 68 168 168A 968 69 169 169A 369 369E 70 71 73 173 373 75 275 275K 77 79 179A 179B 179D 81 181 381 381A 381B 83 183 183A 383 85 185 785 87
State highways	Andhra Pradesh Arunachal Pradesh Assam Bihar Chhattisgarh Goa Gujarat Haryana Himachal Pradesh Jammu and Kashmir Jharkhand Karnataka Kerala Madhya Pradesh Maharashtra Manipur Meghalaya Mizoram Nagaland Odisha Puducherry Punjab Rajasthan Sikkim Tamil Nadu Telangana Tripura Uttarakhand Uttar Pradesh West Bengal
Notable	Arunachal Frontier Highway Golden Quadrilateral Grand Trunk Road North–South and East–West Corridor

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