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Beşiktaş J.K.

Beşiktaş emblem
Full name	Beşiktaş Jimnastik kulubü
Founded	19 March 1903
Ground	BJK İnönü Stadium, Istanbul, Turkey
Capacity	32,145
Chairman	Yıldırım Demirören
Manager	Bernd Schuster
League	Turkcell Süper Lig
2009–10	Turkcell Süper Lig, 4th
Home colours Away colours Third colours
Current season

Beşiktaş Jimnastik Kulübü (Template:Lang-en), or simply Beşiktaş (Turkish pronunciation: [beˈʃiktaʃ]), is a professional sports club founded in 1903 and based in Beşiktaş district in Istanbul, Turkey. The club competes in numerous branches including football, basketball, volleyball, handball, athletics, boxing, wrestling, chess, bridge, gymnastics, rowing, table tennis, and paralympic sports.

The home ground of Beşiktaş is İnönü Stadium with a 32,086 seating capacity after a renovation conducted in 2004. The stadium is located by the Bosphorus, near the Dolmabahçe Palace.

Beşiktaş last won the Turkish Süper Lig championship during the 2008-2009 season, also achieving the double after winning the Turkish Cup.

History

Early Years 1903–1911

Established in 1903 during the late Ottoman period. A group of 22 young individuals gathered on certain days of the week to perform bodily exercises in the Serencebey neighborhood of Beşiktaş. They began in the fall of 1902, in the garden of the mansion of Osman Paşa, who was then a part of the Medine Guard. The various sporting activities that these youths participated in included the horizontal bar, parallel bar, wrestling, weight lifting and gymnastics. They included such members as the sons of Osman Paşa, Mehmet Şamil and Hüseyin Bereket, and other youths of the neighborhood – Ahmet Fetgeri, Mehmet Ali Fetgeri, Nazım Nazif, Cemil Feti and Şevket. Sultan Abdul Hamid II had secret agents go around the city, reporting on any gathering activities that might be political in nature. When these agents heard about the group, the exercising youths were taken to the police station after a raid. The tense situation was relaxed as some of these youths were close to palace officers. Since others did not play football, which was in disfavor in those days, they only participated in bodily exercises. In fact, Şeyhzade Abdülhalim, who had relations with the Palace, supported these youths and started to watch their practices frequently. Famous boxer and Wrestler Kenan Bey came to the practices and started to show wrestling and boxing tricks.

Bereket Gymnastic Club was founded under special permission in 1903. Their sporting activities gained more freedom with the declaration of the Constitutional Monarchy in 1908. After the political events of March 31, 1909, Fuat Balkan and Mazhar Kazancı, who were in Edirne, came to Istanbul with the Movement Army. After the political events settled down, Fuat Balkan, who was a good fencing coach and Mazhar Kazancı, who was a good wrestler and weight lifter, found the youths involved in gymnastics in Serencebey and got them to agree to participate in sports together. Fuat Balkan made the space under his home in Ihlamur the Club’s headquarters, and the title of Bereket Gymnastics Club was changed to Beşiktaş Ottoman Gymnastics Club. Thus, a stronger sports club where gymnastics, wrestling, boxing, fencing and athletics were emphasized was formed. Refik and Şerafettin Beys, friends of Fuat Bey, were also good fencers.

In the meantime, Beşiktaş Ottoman Gymnastics Club became the first registered Turkish sports club on January 13, 1910 with the encouragement of Beyoğlu Governor Muhittin Bey. The interest among the youths of the neighborhood in the sports club grew and the number of members involved in sports suddenly went up to 150. The headquarters of the club was moved from Ihlamur to Building 49 in Akaretler. When this building became too small, Building 84, also in Akaretler, became their headquarters. The yard behind this building was turned into a sports pitch.

Some of the young patriots from the Beşiktaş district of Istanbul formed two football clubs called "Valideçeşme" and "Basiret" under the leadership of Şeref Bey. The Valideçeşme and Basiret football clubs joined under the Beşiktaş Ottoman Gymnastics Club in 1911. In a very short time, football became the foremost branch in the club.

Initial Years of Football

With football becoming the main sport of the Ottoman Empire around 1910, Beşiktaş members slowly started to give more attention to football. In August 1911, Ahmet Şerafettin Bey started the football team. Beşiktaş didn't enter in the Istanbul Friday and Sunday leagues, and didn't have any championships until 1918, when they won the Istanbul Turkish 1st Sports League. In 1921 they won it again. 1921 also was the leagues final season. In 1924, Beşiktaş entered the Istanbul Football League along with Galatasaray, Fenerbahçe and other Istanbul teams. Beşiktaş became the leagues first champion in 1924, but wasn't able to get more success in the league. Galatasaray and Fenerbahçe were the 2 dominant teams until the 1930s. Beşiktaş won their 2nd Istanbul League championship in 1934, as well as their first Turkish Football Championship in the same year. In 1937 the Turkish National League was formed. Beşiktaş finished in 4th place in the Istanbul League, giving Beşiktaş a berth in the National League. Beşiktaş finished 3rd place in the National league behind Fenerbahçe and Galatasaray. In 1938 Beşiktaş finished 3rd place in the Istanbul league and 2nd place in the National league behind Güneş. Beşiktaş won a record 5 consecutive Istanbul league championships between 1939 and 1943. In the National league Beşiktaş finished 4th in 1939, 5th in 1940, 1st in 1941 and 3rd in 1943 (1942 was not held). Beşiktaş won the Istanbul league in 1945 and 1946, as well as the National league in 1944, and 1947.

After 1959

In 1959 the Turkish First League was formed. It was Turkey's first professional league. Beşiktaş came in 3rd place in inaugural year of the league. Beşiktaş won the league title in 1960. In 1960 they also took part in the European Cup, and became the first Turkish team ever to participate in that cup. Beşiktaş finished 3rd place in 1961 and 1962 and a second place in 1963, 1964 and 1965 till consistency paid off and they were finally the champions again in 1966 and 1967. In 1967 they also won their first Turkish Super Cup. In 1968 Beşiktaş finished in 2nd place.

Silent 70's

After 1968 Beşiktaş' performance declined greatly, finishing in 9th, 11th, 5th, 6th many times, while Trabzonspor, Fenerbahçe and Galatasaray continued their success. Beşiktaş only finished 2nd place 1 time in 70s (1974).

80's Revival

Beşiktaş put an end to their bad performance in 1982 with a surprise Turkish championship. Beşiktaş got another championship in 1986 as well. They finished the league in the second place four times in the second half of the decade except the championship in 1985-186 season.

Milne Era

Beşiktaş had their most successful run in the Süper Lig with three consecutive championships under the management of Gordon Milne in the early 90s. Three players of the squad; Metin Tekin, Ali Gültiken, Feyyaz Uçar were notable for significant contributions to the team during this period. These players had been called Metin-Ali-Feyyaz (shorty: MAF) and they formed the front of the team line-up. The supporters composed various chants for the trio devoted to their delighting style on the pitch, their goals and above all for their friendship and modesty. They are regarded by supporters as the best trio and attacking line of the club ever.

This was the only three-in-a-row title term of club history in 1989–90, 1990–91 and 1991–92 seasons. Most notably, Beşiktaş became the first undefeated champion in Süper Lig history. It is the only team to achieve the honors.

Milne had adopted the 4-4-2 system. By playing down the lines and crossing, the team scored many goals through aerial challenges. On 15 October 1989, Beşiktaş broke the Süper Lig record for the biggest margin in a game with a 10-0 victory over Southern Turkey team Adana Demirspor. This match was enrolled as one of the 16 biggest matches of the club history.

Legend of the Black Eagles

There is a legend surrounding the initial naming of the team "The Black Eagles." Beşiktaş, the title holder of the previous two seasons started the 1940–41 season with a young and renewed team. Beşiktaş, which opened up its lead as weeks went by, was the leader in the league. With five weeks remaining to the end, the opponent was Süleymaniye. Beşiktaş had started the game in Şeref Stadium refereed by Semih Turansoy on Sunday January 19, 1941, with the following players: Faruk, Yavuz, İbrahim, Rıfat, Halil, Hüseyin, Şakir, Hakkı, Şükrü, Şeref, Eşref. As in all games of that season, the team played well. Half way through the second half of the game, Beşiktaş attacked continuously despite being in front. And then, according to legend, a voice was heard from the stands towards which Beşiktaş was attacking. The voice said "Come on Black Eagles. Attack Black Eagles". The Beşiktaş players who had so successfully defeated their opponents that season, being described as "Black Eagles” and the football they played compared to “Attacking like Black Eagles”. According to legend, the owner of the voice from the stands was a fisherman called Mehmet Galin. Beşiktaş closed the game with a 6-0 win with 3 goals volleyed in by Şeref Görkey, who was known as volleyer Şeref and one goal each by Captain Hakkı, Şakir and Şükrü.

Achievements

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Turkish Championships

• Turkish Football Championship:
  • Winners (2): 1934, 1951
• National League:
  • Winners (3): 1940–41, 1943–44, 1946–1947
• Turkish Federation Cup:
  • Winners (2): 1956-57, 1957-58
• Turkish First Football League and Süper Lig:
  • Winners (13): 1956–57, 1957–58, 1959–60, 1965–66, 1966–67, 1981–82, 1985–86, 1989–90, 1990–91, 1991–92, 1994–95, 2002–03, 2008–09

Other competitions

• Turkish Cup:
  • Winners (8): 1975, 1989, 1990, 1994, 1998, 2006, 2007, 2009
• Turkish Super Cup / President Cup:
  • Winners (8): 1967, 1974, 1986, 1989, 1992, 1994, 1998, 2006
• Chancellor Cup:
  • Winners (6): 1943–44, 1946–47, 1973–74, 1976–77, 1987–88, 1996–97
• TSYD Cup: (shared-record)
  • Winners (12): 1964–65, 1965–66, 1971–72, 1972–73, 1974–75, 1983–84, 1984–85, 1988–89, 1989–90, 1990–91, 1993–94, 1996–97
• Atatürk Cup:
  • Winners (1): 2000
• Istanbul Football League: (record)
  • Winners (13): 1923–24, 1933–34, 1938–39, 1939–40, 1940–41, 1941–42, 1942–43, 1944–45, 1945–46, 1949–50, 1950–51, 1951–52, 1953–54
• Istanbul Cup: (shared-record)
  • Winners (2): 1944, 1946
• Istanbul Shield:
  • Winners (1): 1935
• Spor-Toto Cup: (record)
  • Winners (4): 1966, 1968, 1969, 1970
• Fleet Cup:
  • Winners (1): 1986

UEFA Achievements

• European Cup Quarter Final 1987
• UEFA Cup Quarter Final 2003

Records and Honors

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• The only undefeated winner of the Süper Lig (1992)
• Longest streak of undefeated games in the Turkish First Football League of 56 games, hence the nickname Yenilmez Armada (Invincible Armada)
• Won 5 consecutive Istanbul League titles (1939–1943)
• Most games won in a row with 18 games
• Most goals scored in Istanbul League, 90 goals in a season, 599 in 8 seasons
• First winner of the Turkish Super Cup in 2006 against Galatasaray, 1-0
• 10 seasons unbeaten at home to Anatolian teams (All Turkish with exception of Fenerbahce & Galatasaray)
• Biggest win ever in the Turkcell Süper Lig against Adana Demirspor with 10-0 in 1989–90 season

UEFA Ranking

Current Ranking

Club Ranking for 2010 (Previous year rank in italics, UEFA Club Coefficients in parentheses)

• 10212312 Beşiktaş J.K. (1)

Turkish First Football League/Süper Lig Finishing Positions

Colours and badge

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Since only individual sports were done at the beginning in the Osman Pasha Mansion, there was no need for any colours for a uniform. However, the number of sportsmen increased with new youths who joined sport teams each passing day. Mehmet Şamil Bey (first president of the Club), who had graduated from the French school gathered the Founders Committee. He removed the pin he used in his school days bearing the colours of his school from his lapel and showed it around. He said “We must have a pin just like this one made and we must force all members who attend sports in our Club to bear this pin”. Those attending the meeting eagerly agreed to Mehmet Şamil Bey’s proposal. At the end of the meeting, the colours of the Club to be shown on the pin were decided. The two principal colours of nature in full contrast to each other were chosen as the Club colours: black and white.

The date Beşiktaş’s first badge was made was written as “1906” in Latin years inspired by the badges in the French school. On top, it said “Beşiktaş” in Arabic letters, the letter “J” was placed on the rights and letter “K” was placed on the left. On the back of the badge, there was a script saying it was made in Constantinople and there was the seal of the craftsmen who made the badge on the inside. It is interesting that the star on the crest on the badge has 6 points. This 6-pointed star was used until the 2nd Constitutional Monarchy (1908). This badge was donated by Iskender Yakak to Süleyman Seba, the Honorary President of Beşiktaş J.K.

The current emblem of Beşiktaş symbolizes the foundation date. There are two white and three black bars on the emblem. It consists of nine parts in total. There is one white bar, three black bars, and another white bar, and there are nine parts in total. Thus: 1319, the year of the club's foundation. (The Islamic calendar was still used in the Ottoman Empire at the time of the club's foundation. 1319 is the equivalent of 1903 in Gregorian Calendar.)

The Turkish flag which appears in Beşiktaş's emblem is a gift from the Turkish Football Federation. Beşiktaş earned the right to incorporate the flag after having its full roster drafted as the Turkish national team playing against the Greek national team on May 16, 1952. Along with Beşiktaş, only Karşıyaka SK has this right in Turkey.

Colours of Beşiktaş used to be red and white, but when the whole team died in World War I, they decided to change their colours to black and white out of respect for those that died. Also they started as a club before 1903, stopped due to the war, then re-started after the war.

Stadium

BJK İnönü Stadium has been constructed in the period of İsmet İnönü, the 2nd president of Republic of Turkey,and commissioned on May 19, 1947. The first match played in the İnönü Stadium was between Beşiktaş Football Team and Swedish team AIK. Renovation work has been done in 2004 at İnönü Stadium which dimensions had been expanded 105x68 meters that is required by the UEFA. The tartan track was removed within the scope of these activities and the ground was lowered by 4 meters to increase the capacity of the stadium to 32.086 people. BJK İnonu Stadium has been ranked as Number 4 in the Top Ten Stadiums in the World by Times Online

Current squad

Note: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules; some limited exceptions apply. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality.

No. Pos. Nation Player 1 GK  TUR Rüştü Reçber 3 DF  TUR İsmail Köybaşı 5 MF  GER Michael Fink 6 DF  CZE Tomáš Sivok 7 FW  POR Ricardo Quaresma 8 FW  TUR Nihat Kahveci 9 MF  GER Roberto Hilbert 10 MF  ARG Matías Delgado 11 FW  TUR Mert Nobre 13 FW  BRA Bobô 14 MF  ESP Guti 14 MF  CHI Rodrigo Tello 15 MF  BRA Rodrigo Tabata 17 MF  AUT Ekrem Dağ 18 MF  TUR Necip Uysal

No. Pos. Nation Player 19 DF  TUR İbrahim Üzülmez (captain) 20 DF  TUR İbrahim Toraman (vice-captain) 21 GK  TUR Hakan Arıkan 23 FW  SVK Filip Hološko 25 MF  TUR Uğur İnceman 26 MF  TUR Onur Bayramoğlu 35 DF  CZE Tomáš Zápotočný 27 DF  ITA Matteo Ferrari 28 MF  GER Fabian Ernst 35 DF  CZE Tomáš Zápotočný 44 DF  TUR Erhan Güven 77 DF  TUR Rıdvan Şimşek 93 DF  TUR Atınç Nukan 99 GK  TUR Cenk Gönen

For the Youth Team squad, see main article: Beşiktaş J.K. PAF

Beşiktaş managers

Beşiktaş has had managers from all over Europe. Şeref Bey is the teams longest serving manager, managing the club for 14 years. The most successful manager is Gordon Milne, winning the league 3 times in a row and other trophies.

Manager	Years
Bernd Schuster	2010–present.
Mustafa Denizli	2008–2010
Ertuğrul Sağlam	2007–2008
Jean Tigana	2005–2007
Rıza Çalımbay	2005
Vicente Del Bosque	2004–2005
Mircea Lucescu	2002–2004
Christoph Daum	2001–2002
Nevio Scala	2000–2001
Hans-Peter Briegel	1999–2000
Karl-Heinz Feldkamp	1998–1999
John Benjamin Toshack	1997–1998
Rasim Kara	1996–1997
Christoph Daum	1993–1996
Gordon Milne	1987–1993
Miloš Milutinović	1986–1987
Branko Stanković	1984–1986
Ziya Taner	1983–1984
Đorđe Milić	1980–1983

Manager	Years
Metin Türel	1980
Serpil Hamdi Tüzün	1979–1980
Dogan Andaç	1978–1979
Miloš Milutinović	1977–1978
İsmet Arıkan	1977
Gündüz Tekin Onay	1975–1976
Horst Buhtz	1974–1975
Metin Türel	1973–1974
Abdullah Gegiç	1972–1973
Gündüz Kılıç	1971–1972
Dumitru Teodorescu	1970–1971
Milovan Ćirić	1969–1970
Krum Milev	1968–1969
Jane Janevski	1967–1968
Ljubiša Spajić	1964–1967
Ernst Melchior	1963–1964
Ljubiša Spajić	1962–1963
Andrea Kutik	1961–1962
Şeref Görkey	1961

Manager	Years
Sandro Puppo	1960–1961
Andrea Kutik	1959–1960
Hüseyin Saygun	1959
Leandro Remondini	1957–1958
Esref Bilgiç	1957
József Mészaros	1956–1957
Cihat Arman	1955–1956
Sandro Puppo	1953–1954
Sadri Usuoğlu	1952–1953
Alfred Cable	1951–1952
Hakkı Yeten	1950–1951
Eric Keen	1949–1950
Hakkı Yeten	1949
Giuseppe Meazza	1948–1949
Refik Osman Top	1946–1948
Charles Howard	1944–1946
Refik Osman Top	1935–1944
Imre Zinger	1925–1935
Şeref Bey	1911–1925

Presidents

According to official web site.

Supporters

Beşiktaş have one of the biggest number of supporters population alongside Galatasaray and Fenerbahçe. There are also many groups supporting Beşiktaş. Çarşı is the most known group among the others with its international prominence. They are famous for creative chants and sociopolitical banners.

References

1. ^ "Turkish Football Federation (TFF) Information Pages (2008–2009 Season)". Retrieved 2 December 2007.
2. "Branches, Football". Besiktas.com.tr. Retrieved 2 December 2007.
   "Branches, Basketball". Besiktas.com.tr. Retrieved 2 December 2007.
   "Branches, Volleyball". Besiktas.com.tr. Retrieved 2 December 2007.
   "Branches, Handball". Besiktas.com.tr. Retrieved 2 December 2007.
   "Branches, Athletics". Besiktas.com.tr. Retrieved 2 December 2007.
   "Branches, Boxing". Besiktas.com.tr. Retrieved 2 December 2007.
   "Branches, Wrestling". Besiktas.com.tr. Retrieved 2 December 2007.
   "Branches, Chess". Besiktas.com.tr. Retrieved 2 December 2007.
   "Branches, Cards Bridge". Besiktas.com.tr. Retrieved 2 December 2007.
   "Branches, Gymnastics". Besiktas.com.tr. Retrieved 2 December 2007.
   "Branches, Rowing". Besiktas.com.tr. Retrieved 2 December 2007.
   "Branches, Table Tennis". Besiktas.com.tr. Retrieved 2 December 2007.
   "Branches, Disabled Sports". Besiktas.com.tr. Retrieved 2 December 2007.
3. "Kulübümüz >> BJK İnönü Stadı (Eng: Our Club: BJK Inonu Stadium)". Retrieved 2 December 2007.
4. "Pele 'Beşiktaş' dedi (Eng: Pele said: "Beşiktaş")". NTVMSNBC website. 20 October 2007. Retrieved 21 October 2007.
5. "Denizlispor:1 - Beşiktaş:2". milliyet.com.tr. 30 May 2009. Retrieved 30 May 2009.
6. 1991–92 football season ranking "1991–92 League Ranking". Retrieved 18 January 2008. {{cite news}}: Check |url= value (help)
7. "1991–92 League Ranking". Turkish Football Association. Retrieved 18 January 2008.
8. "Besiktas – Adana Demirspor : 10-0". Beskitas Official Website. 1 November 2005. Retrieved 18 January 2008.
9. "Basarilarimiz (Eng: Our Achievements)". Beskitas Official Website. Retrieved 18 January 2008.
10. The top ten football stadiums Times Online, 9 August 2009
11. TEKNİK DİREKTÖRLERİMİZ Beşiktaş JK
12. Beşiktaş Jimnastik Kulübü
13. "En çok taraftarı olan takım hangisi?". haberturk.com. 5 January 2007. Retrieved 4 July 2008.Template:Tr icon
14. "Çarşı Kendine de Karşı!". ntvspor.net. 28 May 2008. Retrieved 16 July 2008.Template:Tr icon
15. Turkish Daily News – Bloody conflict in Beşiktaş fan group
16. ZAMAN – Çarşı'nın içindeki kavga ölümle bitti (Eng: The Fight in Carsi Ended Up With Death)Template:Tr icon
17. "Beşiktaş'ın Taraftar Grubu "Çarşı" Kendini Feshetti. gh". milliyet.com.tr. 28 May 2008. Retrieved 16 July 2008.Template:Tr icon

External links

• Template:Tr icon Beşiktaş official website
• Template:En icon Beşiktaş JK news
• Template:Tr icon Beşiktaş websites
• Template:Tr icon official website of Carsi Group
• Template:Tr icon Besiktas Supporter Forum Site

Template:2008-09 Turkish Super League Winners Template:Turkish Cup Winners Template:Turkcell Super League clubs Template:2009-10 Turkish Cup finalists Template:2008-09 Turkish Cup finalists Template:2007-08 Turkish Cup finalists Template:2006-07 Turkish Cup finalists Template:2005-06 Turkish Cup finalists Template:Champions League 2008-09

• Beşiktaş J.K.
• Sport in Istanbul
• Association football clubs established in 1903
• Multi-sport clubs