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The term ''homodimer'' is used when the two molecules are identical (e.g. A-A) and ''heterodimer'' when they are not (e.g. A-B). The reverse of dimerisation is often called ]. The term ''homodimer'' is used when the two molecules are identical (e.g. A-A) and ''heterodimer'' when they are not (e.g. A-B). The reverse of dimerisation is often called ].

== Biochemistry ==
In ] and ], dimers of ]s like ]s and ]s are often observed. The dimerization of identical subunits is called '''homodimerization'''; the dimerization of different subunits or unrelated ]s is called '''heterodimerization'''. Most dimers in biochemistry are not connected by ]s with the exception of ]s.
An example of this would be the enzyme ], which is made of two different ] chains<ref>{{cite journal| journal=J. Med. Chem. | year=2006 |volume=49 |issue=16 | pages=4834–4841 | doi=10.1021/jm0604575 | title=Structure-Activity Relationships of - 3‘-spiro-5‘ ‘-(4‘ ‘-amino-1‘ ‘,2‘ ‘-oxathiole-2‘ ‘,2‘ ‘-dioxide)thymine Derivatives as Inhibitors of HIV-1 Reverse Transcriptase Dimerization | author=Nicolas Sluis-Cremer, Noureddine Hamamouch, Ana San Félix, Sonsoles Velázquez, Jan Balzarini, and María-José Camarasa| pmid=16884295}}</ref>.

=== Examples ===
* ]
* ]
** ]s
* ]s
** ] motif proteins
** ]s
* ]s
* ]s
* ] βγ-subunit dimer
* ]
* ] (TIM)
* ]
* ]
* ]
* ]
* ]ogen


==Plants== ==Plants==

Revision as of 08:56, 29 August 2010

For other uses, see Dimer.
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Dimers of carboxylic acids are often found in vapour phase.

A dimer is a chemical or biological entity consisting of two structurally similar subunits called monomers, which are joined by bonds, which can be strong or weak.

Organic chemistry

The dimer of cyclopentadiene although this might not be readily apparent on initial inspection

Molecular dimers are often formed by the reaction of two identical compounds e.g.: 2A → A-A. In this example, monomer "A" is said to dimerise to give the dimer "A-A". An example is Diaminocarbenes, which dimerise to give tetraaminoethylenes:

2 C(NR2)2 → (R2N)2C=C(NR2)2

Acetic acid forms a dimer in the gas phase, the monomer units are held together by hydrogen bonds. Under special conditions, most OH-containing molecules form dimers, e.g. the water dimer.

Dicyclopentadiene is an unsymmetrical dimer of two cyclopentadiene molecules that have reacted to give the product. Upon heating, it "cracks" to give identical monomers:

C10H12 → 2 C5H6

The term homodimer is used when the two molecules are identical (e.g. A-A) and heterodimer when they are not (e.g. A-B). The reverse of dimerisation is often called dissociation.

Plants

Dimerous refer to plants with organ arrangement based on the number 2, see : merosity.

See also

References

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