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The estimates for the number of killed at Jägala concentration camp vary. ] concluded that 2,000-3,000 were killed in Jägala and ] taken together, but the number 5,000 (as determined by the ] in 1944) was written into the verdict.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.kul.ee/index.php?path=40&DocID=215|title=Ülevaade juutide tapmisest Eesti territooriumil asunud laagrites|last=Hiio|first=Toomas|coauthors=Meelis Maripuu|publisher=]|language=Estonian|accessdate=13 August 2010}}</ref><ref name="Ekspress">{{cite news|url=http://www.ekspress.ee/news/paevauudised/valisuudised/juudid-pidasid-kalevi-liiva-koonduslaagri-komandandi-ule-omakohut.d?id=27679795|title=Juudid pidasid Kalevi-Liiva koonduslaagri komandandi üle omakohut|date=29 July 2008|work=]}}</ref> The estimates for the number of killed at Jägala concentration camp vary. ] concluded that 2,000-3,000 were killed in Jägala and ] taken together, but the number 5,000 (as determined by the ] in 1944) was written into the verdict.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.kul.ee/index.php?path=40&DocID=215|title=Ülevaade juutide tapmisest Eesti territooriumil asunud laagrites|last=Hiio|first=Toomas|coauthors=Meelis Maripuu|publisher=]|language=Estonian|accessdate=13 August 2010}}</ref><ref name="Ekspress">{{cite news|url=http://www.ekspress.ee/news/paevauudised/valisuudised/juudid-pidasid-kalevi-liiva-koonduslaagri-komandandi-ule-omakohut.d?id=27679795|title=Juudid pidasid Kalevi-Liiva koonduslaagri komandandi üle omakohut|date=29 July 2008|work=]}}</ref>


In modern sources, the number 10,000 occurs<ref name="historycommission">{{cite web|url=http://www.mnemosyne.ee/hc.ee/pdf/conclusions_en_1941-1944.pdf|title=PHASE II : THE GERMAN OCCUPATION OF ESTONIA IN 1941–1944|work=]|accessdate=13 August 2010}}</ref><ref name="estonica">{{cite web|url=http://www.estonica.org/en/Holocaust_in_Estonia/|title=Holocaust in Estonia|last=Kaasik|first=Peeter|date=28.05.2010|work=]|accessdate=13 August 2010}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.vnl.ee/artikkel.php?id=1055|title=Komisjon: 20.000 juudi hukkamine Eestis pole tõendatud|date=2004-09-20|work=Virumaa Nädalaleht|language=Estonian|accessdate=13 August 2010}}</ref>. Michael Elkins and ] give the figure of victims as up to 100,000<ref name="Elkins">{{cite book|last=Elkins|first=Michael|title= Forged in fury|url=|year=1981|publisher=Piatkus|isbn=9780861880980|page=13}}</ref><ref name="Freedland">{{cite news|url=http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2008/jul/26/second.world.war|title=Revenge|last=Freedland|first=Jonathan|date=26 July 2008|work=]}}</ref>. David Fraser, Hershel Edelheit, and Abraham J. Edelheit<ref name="Fraser">{{cite book|last=Fraser|first=David|authorlink=David Fraser|title=Law after Auschwitz: towards a jurisprudence of the Holocaust|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=deOPAAAAMAAJ&q=jagala+concentration+camp&dq=jagala+concentration+camp&hl=en&ei=ImhlTNHfFcPflgeUu4zVDg&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=10&ved=0CFMQ6AEwCQ|year=2005|publisher=Carolina Academic Press|isbn=9780890892435|page=258}}</ref><ref name="Edelheit">{{cite book|last1=Edelheit|first1=Hershel|last2=Edelheit|first2=Abraham J.|title=Israel and the Jewish world, 1948-1993: a chronology|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=O4ltAAAAMAAJ&q=jagala+concentration+camp&dq=jagala+concentration+camp&hl=en&ei=AGplTMjfKIOglAfe3aGTDg&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=3&ved=0CC4Q6AEwAjgK|year=1995|publisher=]|isbn=9780313292750|page=111}}</ref> have given the figure 125,000; ] places the number at 300,000.<ref name="Kinsella">{{cite book|last=Kinsella|first=Warren|authorlink=Warren Kinsella|title=Web of hate: inside Canada's far right network|year=1994|publisher=]|isbn=9780002550741|page=180}}</ref> However, ] and estimates of scholars place the number of total Jewish victims in Estonia during 1941-1944 around 8,500.<ref>e.g. ] Handbuch des Antisemitismus: Judenfeindschaft in Geschichte und Gegenwart, Volume 1. 2008. S 111.</ref><ref name="weiss">{{cite book|last=Weiss-Wendt|first=Anton|title=Murder Without Hatred: Estonians and the Holocaust (Religion, Theology, and the Holocaust)|date=2009-06-30|publisher=Syracuse University Press|isbn=978-0815632283|page=351}}</ref> According to ], the total number of people murdered by Nazis in Estonia during the occupation was 31,028.<ref name="weiss"/> In modern sources, the number 10,000 occurs.<ref name="historycommission">{{cite web|url=http://www.mnemosyne.ee/hc.ee/pdf/conclusions_en_1941-1944.pdf|title=PHASE II : THE GERMAN OCCUPATION OF ESTONIA IN 1941–1944|work=]|accessdate=13 August 2010}}</ref><ref name="estonica">{{cite web|url=http://www.estonica.org/en/Holocaust_in_Estonia/|title=Holocaust in Estonia|last=Kaasik|first=Peeter|date=2010-05-28|work=]|accessdate=13 August 2010}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.vnl.ee/artikkel.php?id=1055|title=Komisjon: 20.000 juudi hukkamine Eestis pole tõendatud|date=2004-09-20|work=Virumaa Nädalaleht|language=Estonian|accessdate=13 August 2010}}</ref> Michael Elkins and ] give the figure of victims as up to 100,000.<ref name="Elkins">{{cite book|last=Elkins|first=Michael|title= Forged in fury|url=|year=1981|publisher=Piatkus|isbn=9780861880980|page=13}}</ref><ref name="Freedland">{{cite news|url=http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2008/jul/26/second.world.war|title=Revenge|last=Freedland|first=Jonathan|date=26 July 2008|work=]}}</ref> David Fraser, Hershel Edelheit, and Abraham J. Edelheit<ref name="Fraser">{{cite book|last=Fraser|first=David|authorlink=David Fraser|title=Law after Auschwitz: towards a jurisprudence of the Holocaust|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=deOPAAAAMAAJ&q=jagala+concentration+camp&dq=jagala+concentration+camp&hl=en&ei=ImhlTNHfFcPflgeUu4zVDg&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=10&ved=0CFMQ6AEwCQ|year=2005|publisher=Carolina Academic Press|isbn=9780890892435|page=258}}</ref><ref name="Edelheit">{{cite book|last1=Edelheit|first1=Hershel|last2=Edelheit|first2=Abraham J.|title=Israel and the Jewish world, 1948-1993: a chronology|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=O4ltAAAAMAAJ&q=jagala+concentration+camp&dq=jagala+concentration+camp&hl=en&ei=AGplTMjfKIOglAfe3aGTDg&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=3&ved=0CC4Q6AEwAjgK|year=1995|publisher=]|isbn=9780313292750|page=111}}</ref> have given the figure 125,000; ] places the number at 300,000.<ref name="Kinsella">{{cite book|last=Kinsella|first=Warren|authorlink=Warren Kinsella|title=Web of hate: inside Canada's far right network|year=1994|publisher=]|isbn=9780002550741|page=180}}</ref> However, ] and estimates of scholars place the number of total Jewish victims in Estonia during 1941-1944 around 8,500.<ref name="weiss">{{cite book|last=Weiss-Wendt|first=Anton|title=Murder Without Hatred: Estonians and the Holocaust (Religion, Theology, and the Holocaust)|date=2009-06-30|publisher=Syracuse University Press|isbn=978-0815632283|page=351}}</ref><ref>e.g. ] Handbuch des Antisemitismus: Judenfeindschaft in Geschichte und Gegenwart, Volume 1. 2008. S 111.</ref> According to ], the total number of people murdered by Nazis in Estonia during the occupation was 31,028.<ref name="weiss"/>


==References== ==References==
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Revision as of 08:13, 4 September 2010

Jägala concentration camp was a Nazi concentration camp near the village of Jägala, Estonia. It was established in 1942 and was commanded by Aleksander Laak, an Estonian.

The camp was a processing camp for Jews deported to Estonia from other countries, including Lithuania, Czechoslovakia, Germany and Poland. About 3,000 arrived Jews not selected for work were shot in the near-by Kalevi-Liiva extermination site.

The camp never held more than 200 prisoners. It was liquidated in the spring of 1943. Most of the inmates were shot.

The estimates for the number of killed at Jägala concentration camp vary. Soviet investigators concluded that 2,000-3,000 were killed in Jägala and Kalevi-Liiva taken together, but the number 5,000 (as determined by the Extraordinary State Commission in 1944) was written into the verdict.

In modern sources, the number 10,000 occurs. Michael Elkins and Jonathan Freedland give the figure of victims as up to 100,000. David Fraser, Hershel Edelheit, and Abraham J. Edelheit have given the figure 125,000; Warren Kinsella places the number at 300,000. However, Estonian International Commission for Investigation of Crimes Against Humanity and estimates of scholars place the number of total Jewish victims in Estonia during 1941-1944 around 8,500. According to Anton Weiss-Wendt, the total number of people murdered by Nazis in Estonia during the occupation was 31,028.

References

  1. ^ Conclusions of the Estonian International Commission for the Investigation of Crimes Against Humanity. Phase II - The German Occupation of Estonia, 1941 - 1944 Cite error: The named reference "historycommission" was defined multiple times with different content (see the help page).
  2. ^ Weiss-Wendt, Anton (2009-06-30). Murder Without Hatred: Estonians and the Holocaust (Religion, Theology, and the Holocaust). Syracuse University Press. p. 351. ISBN 978-0815632283.
  3. Hiio, Toomas. "Ülevaade juutide tapmisest Eesti territooriumil asunud laagrites" (in Estonian). Estonian Ministry of Culture. Retrieved 13 August 2010. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |coauthors= ignored (|author= suggested) (help)
  4. "Juudid pidasid Kalevi-Liiva koonduslaagri komandandi üle omakohut". Eesti Ekspress. 29 July 2008.
  5. Kaasik, Peeter (2010-05-28). "Holocaust in Estonia". Estonica. Retrieved 13 August 2010.
  6. "Komisjon: 20.000 juudi hukkamine Eestis pole tõendatud". Virumaa Nädalaleht (in Estonian). 2004-09-20. Retrieved 13 August 2010.
  7. Elkins, Michael (1981). Forged in fury. Piatkus. p. 13. ISBN 9780861880980.
  8. Freedland, Jonathan (26 July 2008). "Revenge". The Guardian.
  9. Fraser, David (2005). Law after Auschwitz: towards a jurisprudence of the Holocaust. Carolina Academic Press. p. 258. ISBN 9780890892435.
  10. Edelheit, Hershel; Edelheit, Abraham J. (1995). Israel and the Jewish world, 1948-1993: a chronology. Greenwood Publishing Group. p. 111. ISBN 9780313292750.
  11. Kinsella, Warren (1994). Web of hate: inside Canada's far right network. HarperCollins. p. 180. ISBN 9780002550741.
  12. e.g. Wolfgang Benz Handbuch des Antisemitismus: Judenfeindschaft in Geschichte und Gegenwart, Volume 1. 2008. S 111.
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