Misplaced Pages

Revision as of 13:17, 5 October 2010

This article may need to be rewritten to comply with Misplaced Pages's quality standards. You can help. The talk page may contain suggestions.

Ukrainian People's Militia
Active	from 23 June 1941 to November 1941 (in rural areas)
Country	in alliance with Nazi Germany
Role	Security police Secret police
Engagements	Holocaust in Poland, Holocaust in Ukraine, Anti-partisan operations in Ukraine,
Commanders
Notable commanders	Yevhen Vertsyona Mykola Arsenych

Ukrainian People's Militia ((Template:Lang-uk), was military formation by OUN-B in the General Government and later in the Reichskommissariat Ukraine, set up after Germany invaded the Soviet Union. It was made up of ethnic Ukrainians - Bandera’s OUN followers and constitute a main part of the Bandera’s OUN Sluzhba Bezpeky in second half of the 1941. In major cities it was almost immediately incorporated into Nazi Germany Sicherheitspolizei/Gestapo. In other places transformation into Ukrainian Auxiliary Police continued until end of September –October 1941. In rural areas it was disbanded or transformed into the Ukrainian Auxiliary Police by November 1941.

Members of the Ukrainian People's Militia took part in round-ups of Jews for mass executions and participate in it, escorted Jews to their forced labor sites and guarded ghettos.

Background

In May 1941 at a meeting in Krakow the leadership of Bandera's OUN faction adopted the Instruction "Struggle and action of OUN during the war" (Template:Lang-uk) which outlined the plans for activities at the onset of the Nazi invasion of the Soviet Union and the western territories of the Ukrainian SSR. Section G of that document –"Directives for first days of the organization of the living state" Template:Lang-uk outline activity of the Bandera followers during summer 1941 In the subsection of "Minority Policy" the OUN-B ordered: "Moskali (a derogatory terms for Russians), Poles, Jews are hostile to us must be exterminated in this struggle, especially those who would resist our regime: deport them to their own lands, importantly: destroy their intelligentsia that may be in the positions of power ... Jews must be isolated, removed from governmental positions in order to prevent sabotage, those who are deemed necessary may only work with an overseer... Jewish assimilation is not possible." The main provider at place of such policy were suggested to be a Ukrainian People's Militia - a “sole institution of the state security”- Banderas’s OUN Ukraine heralded as a ”Ukraine for Ukrainians.”

Ukrainian People's Militia Instruction

Along with other ordinary tasks it was suggested that the Militia will stage actions against “hostile elements”:

... ... There are an elements (a “supporters of the regime and NKVD”) which at the time of the creation of the new revolutionary regime in Ukraine must be neutralized. These elements are:

• The Muscovites dispatched at the Ukrainian lands to root the Moscow’s power in the Ukraine;
• The Jews, individually and as a national group;
• The foreigners, mostly are different Asians, which Moscow used to colonizes the Ukraine- to create the Ukraine ethnical chess board;
• The Poles on the West Ukrainian lands, which did not give dreams to build the Great Poland, even just at the expense of the Ukrainian lands, even if Poland will became red. "

The objectives of the "People's Militia" was to stage an initial "cleaning out of the NKVD personnel, Muscovites, Jews and others" as well as compiling lists of "noted in the harassment and persecution" of Ukrainians "- primarily" non-Ukrainians "- but actually the Jews, Muscovites and Poles." For urban commands of the People's Militia were "recommended" that ... after cleansing among the NKVD personnel, Muscovites, Jews and others it can begin to organize the proper life in the city. "

Also, "The People's Militia" had to act in such way that «the army and the authorities of the ally will see the benefit for their own from the existence of the People's Militia".

State security department of the Militia

The Ukrainian People's Militia structure also included a "political department” - which is similar to the Gestapo (familiar to the OUN-R organization) - named as a "Secret State Police ".

Formation

On June 25, Yaroslav Stetsko wrote to Stepan Bandera that OUN had “formed a militia to remove the Jews”. After the proclamation of the “Ukrainian Statehood with the leader of Stepan Bandera” in its government was created UDB (Department of the State Security). The July 12 1941 Bandera’s OUN People's militia - established by Yaroslav Stetsko group at Lemberg - was placed under the command of the Security police and Secret police

By August 7, 1941 Ukrainian People's Militia stations were established at most areas conquered by Wehrmacht including Zhytomyr

Uniform

If available, personnel of the Bandera’s OUN People's militia should use captured Soviet Army uniform with yellow-blue armband at the left sleeve. If unavailable, it should be a white armband with text in Ukrainian “People's Militia”(Template:Lang-uk).

Role in the Holocaust

Members of the Ukrainian People's Militia took part in round-ups of Jews for mass executions and participate in it, escorted Jews to their forced labour sites and create an early ghettos.

The Ukrainian militia participated in the Lviv pogroms. During the four-week pogrom from the end of June to early July 1941, 4,000 Jews were murdered.

Transformation into the Ukrainian Auxiliary Police

In major cities it was almost immediately incorporated into Nazi Germany Sicherheitspolizei/Gestapo. In other places transformation into Ukrainian Auxiliary Police continued until end of September –October 1941. In rural areas it was disbanded or transformed into the Ukrainian Auxiliary Police by November 1941.

General Government

Reichskommissariat Ukraine

Activity reports

• Bandera’s OUN Report

July 28, 1941

…

Our police now conducting with the German authorities numerous arrests of the Jews. Prior to the liquidation, Jews were tried to protected themselves in all ways, primarily in cash.

• German Security police Report

August 18, 1941

…. Ukrainian militia did not stop pillages, torments and killings. ... Poles equalized with Jews, and they are required to wear armbands on the sleeves. In many places the Ukrainian militia units formed a "Ukrainian Security Service", "Ukrainian Gestapo", etc. …

• German report to OKW

December 2, 1941

Aktion moved in the main from east to west. It was carried out entirely in public, with the assistance of Ukrainian militia; in many cases, regrettably, also with the voluntary participation of members of the Wehrmacht. These Aktionen included aged men, women, and children of all ages, and the manner in which they were carried out was appalling. The gigantic number of executions involved in this Aktion is far greater than any similar measure undertaken in the Soviet Union up to now. Altogether about 150,000 to 200,000 Jews may have been executed in this section of the Ukraine belonging to the RK ;

Sources

• ОУН в 1941 році: документи: В 2-х частинах Ін-т історії України НАН України - OUN in 1941: Documents: in 2 volumes Institute of History of Ukraine Ukraine National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine K. 2006 ISBN 966-02-2535-0
• І.К. Патриляк. Військова діяльність ОУН(Б) у 1940—1942 роках. — Університет імені Шевченко \Ін-т історії України НАН України Київ, 2004
• Pohl D. Nationalsozialistische Judenverfolgung in Ostgalizien 1941-1944: Organisation und Durchfuhrung eines staatlichen Massen-verbrechens. - Munich, 1997

See also

• OUN
• Ukrainian Insurgent Army
• Cases of controversial relations with the Axis of World War II
• Collaboration with the Axis Powers during World War II
• Holocaust in Poland
• Holocaust in Ukraine
• Responsibility for the Holocaust
• Schutzmannschaft
• Ukrainian-German collaboration during World War II

References

1. І.К. Патриляк. Військова діяльність ОУН(Б) у 1940—1942 роках. — Університет імені Шевченко \Ін-т історії України НАН України Київ, 2004 (No ISBN p.111
2. І.К. Патриляк. Військова діяльність ОУН(Б) у 1940—1942 роках. — Університет імені Шевченко \Ін-т історії України НАН України Київ, 2004 (No ISBN p.228-241 .
3. Меншинева політика. 16. Національні меншини поділяються на: а) приязні нам, себто членів досі поневолених народів; б) ворожі нам, москалі, поляки, жиди. а) Мають однакові права з українцями, уможливлюємо їм поворот в їхню батьківщину. б) Винищування в боротьбі, зокрема тих, що боронитимуть режиму: переселювання в їх землі, винищувати головно інтелігенцію, якої не вільно допускати до ніяких урядів, і взагалі унеможливлюємо продуку- вання інтелігенції, себто доступ до шкіл і т.д. Наприклад, так званих польських селян треба асимілювати, усвідомлюючи з місця їм, тим більше в цей гарячий, повний фанатизму час, що вони українці, тільки латинського обряду, насильно асимільовані. Проводирів нищити. Жидів ізолювати, поусувати з урядів, щоб уникнути саботажу, тим більше москалів і поляків. Коли б була непоборна потреба оставити, приміром, в господарськім апараті жида, поставити йому нашого міліціянта над головою і ліквідувати за найменші провини. Керівники поодиноких галузей життя можуть бути лише українці, а не чужині – вороги. Асиміляція жидів виключається. p.103-104 ОУН в 1941 році: документи: В 2-х ч Ін-т історії України НАН України К. 2006 ISBN 966-02-2535-0
4. same text p.485-486 І.К. Патриляк. Військова діяльність ОУН(Б) у 1940—1942 роках. — Університет імені Шевченко \Ін-т історії України НАН України Київ, 2004
5. p.524 І.К. Патриляк. Військова діяльність ОУН(Б) у 1940—1942 роках. — Університет імені Шевченко \Ін-т історії України НАН України Київ, 2004 - i
6. p.550 І.К. Патриляк. Військова діяльність ОУН(Б) у 1940—1942 роках. — Університет імені Шевченко \Ін-т історії України НАН України Київ, 2004- I.K Patrylyak. Military activities of theOUN (B) in the years 1940-1942. - Shevchenko University \ Institute of History of Ukraine National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine . Kyiv, 2004
7. page. 7 Матеріали та документи Служби безпеки ОУН (б) у 1940-х рр. / Упоряд.: О. Є. Лисенко, І. К. Патриляк. – К.: Ін-т історії України НАН України, 2003. - Materials and documents of the Security Service of the OUN (b) in the 1940's. / Compiled by: A.E. Lysenko, I.K. Patrylyak. - K.: Institute of History of Ukraine, 2003 ISBN 966-02-2729-9
8. page 63 Organization of Ukrainian Nationalists and Ukrainian Insurgent Army Institute of History of Ukraine National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine . Kyiv, 2004
9. p.231 І.К. Патриляк. Військова діяльність ОУН(Б) у 1940—1942 роках. — Університет імені Шевченко \Ін-т історії України НАН України Київ, 2004- I.K Patrylyak. Military activities of theOUN (B) in the years 1940-1942. - Shevchenko University \ Institute of History of Ukraine National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine . Kyiv, 2004
10. pp 426-427 ОУН в 1941 році: документи: В 2-х частинах Ін-т історії України НАН України - OUN in 1941: Documents: in 2 volumes Institute of History of Ukraine Ukraine National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine K. 2006 ISBN 966-02-2535-0
11. p. 130 ОУН в 1941 році: документи: В 2-х частинах Ін-т історії України НАН України - OUN in 1941: Documents: in 2 volumes Institute of History of Ukraine Ukraine National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine K. 2006 ISBN 966-02-2535-0
12. І.К. Патриляк. Військова діяльність ОУН(Б) у 1940—1942 роках. — Університет імені Шевченко \Ін-т історії України НАН України Київ, 2004 (No ISBN p.228-241 .
13. THE DESTRUCTION OF THE JEWS OF LWÓW, 1941-1944 at Roads to Extinction: Essays on the Holocaust. Contributors: Philip Friedman - author, Ada June Friedman - editor. Publisher: Jewish Publication Society of America. Place of Publication: New York. Publication Year: 1980.
14. Yale F. Edeiken The Einsatzgruppen http://www.holocaust-history.org/intro-einsatz/
15. p.347-355 Browning, Christopher. The Origins of the Final Solution: The Evolution of Nazi Jewish Policy, September 1939-March 1942. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 2004. ISBN 0803213271
16. Grzegorz Motyka, Ukraińska Partyzantka 1942-1960, Warszawa 2006, p. 98
17. ОУН в 1941 році: документи: В 2-х частинах Ін-т історії України НАН України - OUN in 1941: Documents: in 2 volumes Institute of History of Ukraine Ukraine National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine K. 2006 ISBN 966-02-2535-0
18. The Extermination of the Jews in the Ukraine (December 2, 1941) http://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/Holocaust/Ukraine.html

• Collaboration during World War II
• Collaborators during World War II occupations
• Collaborators with Nazi Germany
• Defunct law enforcement agencies of Germany
• History of Ukraine
• The Holocaust in Poland
• Military history of Germany during World War II
• Military history of Ukraine during World War II
• The Holocaust in Ukraine
• The Holocaust in Belarus
• The Holocaust in Lithuania
• Local participation in the Holocaust
• Ukrainian Nazi collaborators