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| ==12th century to 1399== | ==12th century to 1399== | ||
| {{Main|Timeline of Serbian history}} | {{Main|Timeline of Serbian history}} | ||
| * ] the 14th century St Saviour Church Built around 1330 |
* ] the 14th century St Saviour Church Built around 1330 | ||
| * ] St. Nicholas Church - is located in the center of Prizren, and was built in 1331. |
* ] St. Nicholas Church - is located in the center of Prizren, and was built in 1331. | ||
| * ] end of the capitol of prizren(1300–1345){{Citation needed|date=September 2009}} | * ] end of the capitol of prizren(1300–1345){{Citation needed|date=September 2009}} | ||
| * ] Serbian Tsar ] crowns himself as "Emperor of Serbs and Greeks" in ], founding the ] in competition to the crumbling ]. The ] becomes the ''Serbo-Greek Imperial Patriarchate'', its spiritual capital being in Kosovo (]). {{Citation needed|date=September 2009}} | * ] Serbian Tsar ] crowns himself as "Emperor of Serbs and Greeks" in ], founding the ] in competition to the crumbling ]. The ] becomes the ''Serbo-Greek Imperial Patriarchate'', its spiritual capital being in Kosovo (]). {{Citation needed|date=September 2009}} | ||
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| * ] Following the Battle of Maritsa in 1371, and the deaths of Vukašin and Uglješa, the Ohrid Archbishopric began to lose its gains.{{Citation needed|date=September 2009}} | * ] Following the Battle of Maritsa in 1371, and the deaths of Vukašin and Uglješa, the Ohrid Archbishopric began to lose its gains.{{Citation needed|date=September 2009}} | ||
| * ] ] on September 26, 1371 | * ] ] on September 26, 1371 | ||
| * ] : ] The House of Branković under Vuk Branković then became the City's owners, under vassalage to the House of Lazarević that managed to reunite the former Serb Lands. Lazarevićs' founder, hero Prince Lazar was educated in Prizren. The dynasty would switch allegiances to the Ottoman Empire before returning under the Serbian Despot Stefan Lazarević, son of Lazar. |
* ] : ] The House of Branković under Vuk Branković then became the City's owners, under vassalage to the House of Lazarević that managed to reunite the former Serb Lands. Lazarevićs' founder, hero Prince Lazar was educated in Prizren. The dynasty would switch allegiances to the Ottoman Empire before returning under the Serbian Despot Stefan Lazarević, son of Lazar. | ||
| * ] Balšić took Prizren <ref></ref> | * ] Balšić took Prizren <ref></ref> | ||
| * ] With the final disintegration of the Serbian Empire, Zeta's ruler Đurađ I of the House of Balšić dynasty took the City with the surroundings in 1372. ] | * ] With the final disintegration of the Serbian Empire, Zeta's ruler Đurađ I of the House of Balšić dynasty took the City with the surroundings in 1372. ] | ||
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| * ] ] June 28 , 1389 | * ] ] June 28 , 1389 | ||
| * ] in a bloody battle at Kosovo polje on June 15, 1389, Prince Lazar, the Turkish Sultan Murad, and thousands of warriors on both sides were killed. In later historical tradition, this battle would be remembered as the decisive defeat of the Serbs, the end of the Serbian state.{{Citation needed|date=September 2009}} | * ] in a bloody battle at Kosovo polje on June 15, 1389, Prince Lazar, the Turkish Sultan Murad, and thousands of warriors on both sides were killed. In later historical tradition, this battle would be remembered as the decisive defeat of the Serbs, the end of the Serbian state.{{Citation needed|date=September 2009}} | ||
| * ] the Turkish victory at the Battle of Kosovo in 1389 effectively marked the end of Serbian power in the region, paving the way for Ottoman expansion into Europe. |
* ] the Turkish victory at the Battle of Kosovo in 1389 effectively marked the end of Serbian power in the region, paving the way for Ottoman expansion into Europe. | ||
| * ] Vuk Brankovic, unjustly remembered in epic tradition as a traitor who slipped away from the battle field, resisted them until 1392, when he was forced to become their vassal. The Turks took Brankovic's lands and gave them to a more loyal vassal, Prince Stefan Lazarevic, son of Prince Lazar thereby creating a rift between their heirs{{Citation needed|date=September 2009}} | * ] Vuk Brankovic, unjustly remembered in epic tradition as a traitor who slipped away from the battle field, resisted them until 1392, when he was forced to become their vassal. The Turks took Brankovic's lands and gave them to a more loyal vassal, Prince Stefan Lazarevic, son of Prince Lazar thereby creating a rift between their heirs{{Citation needed|date=September 2009}} | ||
| * ] and participated as an ] vassal in the ] in 1394, ] | * ] and participated as an ] vassal in the ] in 1394, ] | ||
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| * ] Lekë Dukagjini (1410–81) was born ] | * ] Lekë Dukagjini (1410–81) was born ] | ||
| * ] After the battle of Angora in 1402, Prince Stefan took advantage of the chaos in the Ottoman state. In Constantinople he received the title of despot, and upon returning home, having defeated Brankovic's relatives he took control over the lands of his father. Despite frequent internal conflicts and his vassal obligations to the Turks and Hungarians, despot Stefan revived and economically consolidated the Serbian state, the center of which was gradually moving northward. Under his rule Novo Brdo in Kosovo became the economic center of Serbia where in he issued a Law of Mines in 1412 {{Citation needed|date=September 2009}} | * ] After the battle of Angora in 1402, Prince Stefan took advantage of the chaos in the Ottoman state. In Constantinople he received the title of despot, and upon returning home, having defeated Brankovic's relatives he took control over the lands of his father. Despite frequent internal conflicts and his vassal obligations to the Turks and Hungarians, despot Stefan revived and economically consolidated the Serbian state, the center of which was gradually moving northward. Under his rule Novo Brdo in Kosovo became the economic center of Serbia where in he issued a Law of Mines in 1412 {{Citation needed|date=September 2009}} | ||
| * ] Widow Mara Brankovic with sons (1397–1412) Kosovo |
* ] Widow Mara Brankovic with sons (1397–1412) Kosovo | ||
| * ] Mosque of Suziut # ]-] {{Citation needed|date=September 2009}} | * ] Mosque of Suziut # ]-] {{Citation needed|date=September 2009}} | ||
| * ] Name is Suziut Rennovated in 1995 Built in (1412/1413) Questionable if this is corrent. | * ] Name is Suziut Rennovated in 1995 Built in (1412/1413) Questionable if this is corrent. | ||
| * ] ] Under his rule, he issued a ''Code of Mines'' in 1412 in ], the economic center of ]. In his legacy, ] (]), he organized the ], a center for correcting, translating, and transcribing books. |
* ] ] Under his rule, he issued a ''Code of Mines'' in 1412 in ], the economic center of ]. In his legacy, ] (]), he organized the ], a center for correcting, translating, and transcribing books. | ||
| * ] After the Ottoman Interregnum, when Mehmed stood as victor in 1413, he crowned himself sultan in Edirne. | * ] After the Ottoman Interregnum, when Mehmed stood as victor in 1413, he crowned himself sultan in Edirne. | ||
| * ] ] was killed 5 July 1413 in Bulgaria. | * ] ] was killed 5 July 1413 in Bulgaria. | ||
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| * ] Stephen Ostojić (1418–1421) ] | * ] Stephen Ostojić (1418–1421) ] | ||
| * ] Stefan Ostojic (1418–1421){{Citation needed|date=September 2009}} | * ] Stefan Ostojic (1418–1421){{Citation needed|date=September 2009}} | ||
| * ] Tvrtko II (restored) (1421–1443) ] |
* ] Tvrtko II (restored) (1421–1443) ] | ||
| * ] the new Turkish sultan Murad II laid a long and heavy siege to Thessalonica which at the end left its inhabitants without any hope for salvation. Next summer Despot Andronicus and the municipality of Thessalonica decided to commit the government of the town to the Venitians hoping that they Would help against the merciless foes. But the Venitians too acted inconsistently and hesitatingly - they could neither defense the town effectively nor rule it properly and gradually they antagonized the inhabitants of Thessalonica.{{Citation needed|date=September 2009}} | * ] the new Turkish sultan Murad II laid a long and heavy siege to Thessalonica which at the end left its inhabitants without any hope for salvation. Next summer Despot Andronicus and the municipality of Thessalonica decided to commit the government of the town to the Venitians hoping that they Would help against the merciless foes. But the Venitians too acted inconsistently and hesitatingly - they could neither defense the town effectively nor rule it properly and gradually they antagonized the inhabitants of Thessalonica.{{Citation needed|date=September 2009}} | ||
| * ], began the Siege of Thessalonika and Constantinople{{Citation needed|date=September 2009}}.Siege of Thessalonica (1422–1430) ] | * ], began the Siege of Thessalonika and Constantinople{{Citation needed|date=September 2009}}.Siege of Thessalonica (1422–1430) ] | ||
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| * ] Tvrtko II (restored) (1421–1443) ] END | * ] Tvrtko II (restored) (1421–1443) ] END | ||
| * ], the Ottoman army was defeated, at the Serbian town of Niš, by a crusade under a multi-national leadership which included the Hungarian hero János Hunyadi. At this point Skanderbeg, an Albanian nobleman who had been trained as a soldier in the Ottoman army, raised a rebellion from his family seat at Kruja.{{Citation needed|date=September 2009}} | * ], the Ottoman army was defeated, at the Serbian town of Niš, by a crusade under a multi-national leadership which included the Hungarian hero János Hunyadi. At this point Skanderbeg, an Albanian nobleman who had been trained as a soldier in the Ottoman army, raised a rebellion from his family seat at Kruja.{{Citation needed|date=September 2009}} | ||
| * ] ] 1444 |
* ] ] 1444 | ||
| * ] ] | * ] ] | ||
| * ] Fall of Constantinople in 1453. | * ] Fall of Constantinople in 1453. | ||
| * ] Kërëk Mosque ] Kërëk Xhamia 1455 {{Citation needed|date=September 2009}} | * ] Kërëk Mosque ] Kërëk Xhamia 1455 {{Citation needed|date=September 2009}} | ||
| * ] Mosque of Xhumasë # 1455 |
* ] Mosque of Xhumasë # 1455 | ||
| * ] The Holy Archangels church, however, due to its ill-fated destiny, was destroyed when Prizren fell under Turkish domination in 1455{{Citation needed|date=September 2009}} | * ] The Holy Archangels church, however, due to its ill-fated destiny, was destroyed when Prizren fell under Turkish domination in 1455{{Citation needed|date=September 2009}} | ||
| * ] The Ottomans occupied Prizren on June 21, 1455, and that is when the oriental urban development of Prizren began {{Citation needed|date=September 2009}} | * ] The Ottomans occupied Prizren on June 21, 1455, and that is when the oriental urban development of Prizren began {{Citation needed|date=September 2009}} | ||
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| * ] Mosque of ] (Xh. Ali Hoxha) ]-] suffered from fire ]{{Citation needed|date=September 2009}} | * ] Mosque of ] (Xh. Ali Hoxha) ]-] suffered from fire ]{{Citation needed|date=September 2009}} | ||
| * ] Mosque of Mehmet Pasha (Bajrakli) ] ]/]{{Citation needed|date=September 2009}} | * ] Mosque of Mehmet Pasha (Bajrakli) ] ]/]{{Citation needed|date=September 2009}} | ||
| * ] Bajrakli (Mehmed-Pašina) Mosque - was built in 1549. |
* ] Bajrakli (Mehmed-Pašina) Mosque - was built in 1549. | ||
| * ] The Bajrakli Gazi Mehmet Pasha's mosque is the oldest monument of Islamic art in Prizren. The inscription above the entrance states it was built in 1561. This mosque has a square base and numerous windows, while the main veneration niche (mihrab) and the pulpit (mimber) are made of marble.{{Citation needed|date=September 2009}} | * ] The Bajrakli Gazi Mehmet Pasha's mosque is the oldest monument of Islamic art in Prizren. The inscription above the entrance states it was built in 1561. This mosque has a square base and numerous windows, while the main veneration niche (mihrab) and the pulpit (mimber) are made of marble.{{Citation needed|date=September 2009}} | ||
| * ] Mosque of ] t ]/]{{Citation needed|date=September 2009}} | * ] Mosque of ] t ]/]{{Citation needed|date=September 2009}} | ||
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| ==1600-1699== | ==1600-1699== | ||
| * ] Mosque of ] ]{{Citation needed|date=September 2009}} | * ] Mosque of ] ]{{Citation needed|date=September 2009}} | ||
| * ] Pašina Sinan mosque |
* ] Pašina Sinan mosque | ||
| * ] Kaderi-Zingjirli ] or ]{{Citation needed|date=September 2009}} | * ] Kaderi-Zingjirli ] or ]{{Citation needed|date=September 2009}} | ||
| * ] Mosque of ] t ]{{Citation needed|date=September 2009}} | * ] Mosque of ] t ]{{Citation needed|date=September 2009}} | ||
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| * ] Mosque of ] t (]) ] {{Citation needed|date=September 2009}} | * ] Mosque of ] t (]) ] {{Citation needed|date=September 2009}} | ||
| * ] Mosque of ] ] was rrënua ] {{Citation needed|date=September 2009}} | * ] Mosque of ] ] was rrënua ] {{Citation needed|date=September 2009}} | ||
| * ] Kaderi Rezaki ] |
* ] Kaderi Rezaki ] | ||
| * ] Mosque of ] ]/] {{Citation needed|date=September 2009}} | * ] Mosque of ] ]/] {{Citation needed|date=September 2009}} | ||
| * ] Hoqa Mahallës Mosque of (]) ] {{Citation needed|date=September 2009}} | * ] Hoqa Mahallës Mosque of (]) ] {{Citation needed|date=September 2009}} | ||
| * ] Bektashi ]{{Citation needed|date=September 2009}} | * ] Bektashi ]{{Citation needed|date=September 2009}} | ||
| * ] EPISCOPAL CHURCH OF St. GEORGE, PRIZREN | * ] EPISCOPAL CHURCH OF St. GEORGE, PRIZREN | ||
| * ] Seminary in Prizren was established in 1 October 1871. |
* ] Seminary in Prizren was established in 1 October 1871. | ||
| * ] Melami ] {{Citation needed|date=September 2009}} | * ] Melami ] {{Citation needed|date=September 2009}} | ||
| * ] Rufai ] {{Citation needed|date=September 2009}} | * ] Rufai ] {{Citation needed|date=September 2009}} | ||
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| *1914: The ] marks the ''First Allied Victory in the War'', as the ] under ] ] pushes the ] across the ] and ] rivers, expelling them from the ]. Serbia suffers 16,000 casualties, compared to 30,000 Austro-Hungarian casualties in this part of the ].{{Citation needed|date=September 2009}} | *1914: The ] marks the ''First Allied Victory in the War'', as the ] under ] ] pushes the ] across the ] and ] rivers, expelling them from the ]. Serbia suffers 16,000 casualties, compared to 30,000 Austro-Hungarian casualties in this part of the ].{{Citation needed|date=September 2009}} | ||
| *1918: Serbia's absorption of Montenegro followed by its unification with the ] to form the first incarnation of ] takes the territories of Kosovo with it into the new entity (ratified in various treaties throughout 1919 and 1920). | *1918: Serbia's absorption of Montenegro followed by its unification with the ] to form the first incarnation of ] takes the territories of Kosovo with it into the new entity (ratified in various treaties throughout 1919 and 1920). | ||
| *7 April 1939: During ], the majority of Kosovo was part of the ]. |
*7 April 1939: During ], the majority of Kosovo was part of the ]. | ||
| * |
*September 1943: Kosovo becomes part of ]. | ||
| *1944: The Democratic Federal Yugoslavia is created with the national boundary with Albania precisely as it had been prior to World War II. | *1944: The Democratic Federal Yugoslavia is created with the national boundary with Albania precisely as it had been prior to World War II. | ||
| *1946: Kosovo as a political unit resurfaces for the first time since 1912. Now named the ], the new entity exists as an autonomous region within the ] but it only occupies a fraction of the territory which had been Kosovo prior to 1912: whilst a part of the former vilayet remained within ], the other lands were placed in the newly created Yugoslav republics of ] and ] (both outside of and equal partners to Serbia). |
*1946: Kosovo as a political unit resurfaces for the first time since 1912. Now named the ], the new entity exists as an autonomous region within the ] but it only occupies a fraction of the territory which had been Kosovo prior to 1912: whilst a part of the former vilayet remained within ], the other lands were placed in the newly created Yugoslav republics of ] and ] (both outside of and equal partners to Serbia). | ||
| *1963: As a result of the new constitution, the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia is announced. Kosovo sees an increase in the level of self-rule. | *1963: As a result of the new constitution, the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia is announced. Kosovo sees an increase in the level of self-rule. | ||
| *1971: A higher level of autonomy is devolved to Kosovo's authorities. | *1971: A higher level of autonomy is devolved to Kosovo's authorities. | ||
| *1974: Kosovo becomes the ], now arguably equal to the republics of Yugoslavia as Serbia no longer has direct authority over Kosovo. |
*1974: Kosovo becomes the ], now arguably equal to the republics of Yugoslavia as Serbia no longer has direct authority over Kosovo. | ||
| *1987 (April 24): As animosity between Serbs and Albanians in Kosovo had deepened during the 1980s, ] was sent to address a crowd of Serbs in ]. | *1987 (April 24): As animosity between Serbs and Albanians in Kosovo had deepened during the 1980s, ] was sent to address a crowd of Serbs in ]. | ||
| *1990: Kosovo becomes part of the ] as the ]. Changes to the constitution by Serbia's parliament revert Kosovo back to its pre-1974 status; separare problems among the Yugoslav republics predating this event means that the country was now rump with no effective central authority to outlaw these measures. |
*1990: Kosovo becomes part of the ] as the ]. Changes to the constitution by Serbia's parliament revert Kosovo back to its pre-1974 status; separare problems among the Yugoslav republics predating this event means that the country was now rump with no effective central authority to outlaw these measures. | ||
| *22 September 1991: The ] is proclaimed, however only Albania recognises it. | *22 September 1991: The ] is proclaimed, however only Albania recognises it. | ||
| *1996-1999: Clashes between the ] and the security forces of the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia intensify to become a full-scale war. | *1996-1999: Clashes between the ] and the security forces of the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia intensify to become a full-scale war. | ||
Revision as of 01:43, 1 November 2010
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Contemporary
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The Timeline of Kosovo History is the chronological History of Kosovo.
2nd century to 11th century
Main article: Dardani See also: Timeline of Serbian history- 2nd century AD:After Roman conquest of Illyria at 168 BC, Ulpiana or Justiniana Secunda is founded by Romans and settled by Roman legionaries.The region already was inhabited by Illyrians (the Dardanians themselves may have been Thracians mixed with Illyrians), Celts, Thracians.The ethnic origin of the legionnaires is unknown.Romans colonized and founded several cities in the region
- In the 150 AD after Roman conquest, Ptolemy, the geographer and astronomer from Alexandria drafts a map. This map shows the city of Albanopolis (located Northeast of Durrës). Ptolemy also mentions the Illyrian tribe named Albanoi, who lived around this city.Possible connection to Albanians.This however was not in the region of Kosovo but in modern north Albania.
- 1081, Albania and Albanians mentioned, for the first time in a historical record, by Byzantine historian Michael Attaliates.It is disputed, however, whether that refers to Albanians in an ethnic sense.
12th century to 1399
Main article: Timeline of Serbian history- 1330 the 14th century St Saviour Church Built around 1330
- 1331 St. Nicholas Church - is located in the center of Prizren, and was built in 1331.
- 1345 end of the capitol of prizren(1300–1345)
- 1346 Serbian Tsar Stefan Dušan crowns himself as "Emperor of Serbs and Greeks" in Skopje, founding the Serbian Empire in competition to the crumbling Byzantine Empire. The Serbian Orthodox Church becomes the Serbo-Greek Imperial Patriarchate, its spiritual capital being in Kosovo (Patriarchate of Peć).
- 1347 Holy Archangels Monastery built
- 1352 the Ottoman Turks conducted their first incursion into Thrace subduing it completely within a matter of two decades and occupying it for five centuries.
- 1353 As allies of Byzantine emperor John VI Kantakouzenos, the Ottomans defeat the Serbs at Didymoteicho
- 1355 - Stefan Dušan dies of poisoning, following clashes with the Hungarians and the invading Ottomans. Stefan Uroš V of Serbia assumes the throne of the Serbian Empire, triggering dynastic clashes among the Serbian nobility. Simeon Uroš declares himself the Emperor in Thessaly, while the Balšić family take over Montenegro, the Mrnjavčević family Macedonia, the Lazarević Moravian Serbia, the Branković Kosovo, etc.
- 1360 Prizren became a part of the domain of the House of Mrnjavčević under Serbian King Vukašin in the 1360s.
- 1371 Lazar Hrebeljanovic, Prince (1371–1389), assumes royal name Stefan Pomoravlje (river Morava basin)
- 1371 Vuk Brankovic (ca. 1371 - 1397) Kosovo
- 1371 Dissolution of the House of Nemanjić and the Serbian Empire, which fragments into a conglomeration of principalities. Kosovo becomes the hereditary land of the House of Branković.
- 1371 Following the Battle of Maritsa in 1371, and the deaths of Vukašin and Uglješa, the Ohrid Archbishopric began to lose its gains.
- 1371 Battle of Maritsa on September 26, 1371
- 1372 : Prizren The House of Branković under Vuk Branković then became the City's owners, under vassalage to the House of Lazarević that managed to reunite the former Serb Lands. Lazarevićs' founder, hero Prince Lazar was educated in Prizren. The dynasty would switch allegiances to the Ottoman Empire before returning under the Serbian Despot Stefan Lazarević, son of Lazar.
- 1372 Balšić took Prizren
- 1372 With the final disintegration of the Serbian Empire, Zeta's ruler Đurađ I of the House of Balšić dynasty took the City with the surroundings in 1372. Zeta (state)
- 1375 In 1375 the Serb Patriarch was forced to send a delegation to Constantinopole to appeal for the lifting of the schism from the Serbian Orthodox Patriarchy that was established during the time of Dushan. In the last decade of the 14th century, Macedonia was already under Ottoman rule,
- 1387 The important city of Thessaloniki was captured from the Venetians in 1387
- 1389 Stefan Lazarevic, Prince (1389–1402), assumes title Despot Pomoravlje (river Morava basin)
- 1389 The Ottoman Turks defeated the Serbian Empire (Yugoslavia) at the battle of Kosovo where Serbian independence is lost for the next five hundred years. The Slavs of Bosnia-Herzegovina (Yugoslavia) are slowly converted to Islam (Muslim) during this period.
- 1389 - Kosovo field - A 40,000 strong Serbian army led by Prince Lazar Hrebeljanović of Rascia, Vlatko Vuković of Bosnia, Miloš Obilić and most other prominent nobles faced the better equipped and trained Ottoman army in Battle of Kosovo. Casualties on both sides were extremely high - both leaders died in the battle (Serbian Lazar Hrebeljanović and Ottoman sultan Murad I), and most of the Serbian aristocracy became extinct. Most of the Empire was now in Ottoman hands, save for the Serbian Despotate, Montenegro and Bosnia, which soon followed.
- 1389 Albanian ruler of Durrës invites Ottoman forces to intervene against a rival.
- 1389 Battle of Kosovo, Ottoman forces defeated a coalition of Serbs, Albanians, and Bosnians led by the Prince Lazar Hrebeljanović. Soon after parts of Serbia accepted Turkish vassalage and Lazar's daughter was married to the Sultan to seal peace.
- 1389 Having this in mind as well as the constant danger from the Turks, Djuradj II Balsic maintained good family ties with Serbian rulers of the time, Prince Lazar Hrebeljanovic. His mother, Milica Mrnjavcevic, was a sister of Prince Vukasin of Serbia, and he married Jelena who was a daughter of Prince Lazar of Serbia. In order to help Prince Lazar to defend his state from Turkish invasion, Djuradj II sent his troops with Ban Tvrtko's forces (with whom he had a dispute over Kotor) to meet the Turkish army at Kosovo Polje. Despite Sultan Murat death, the orthodox coalition suffered a defeat in the epic Battle of Kosovo (1389).
- 1389 Stefan became Prince in 1389, Stefan Lazarević
- 1389 Battle of Kosovo June 28 , 1389
- 1389 in a bloody battle at Kosovo polje on June 15, 1389, Prince Lazar, the Turkish Sultan Murad, and thousands of warriors on both sides were killed. In later historical tradition, this battle would be remembered as the decisive defeat of the Serbs, the end of the Serbian state.
- 1389 the Turkish victory at the Battle of Kosovo in 1389 effectively marked the end of Serbian power in the region, paving the way for Ottoman expansion into Europe.
- 1392 Vuk Brankovic, unjustly remembered in epic tradition as a traitor who slipped away from the battle field, resisted them until 1392, when he was forced to become their vassal. The Turks took Brankovic's lands and gave them to a more loyal vassal, Prince Stefan Lazarevic, son of Prince Lazar thereby creating a rift between their heirs
- 1394 and participated as an Ottoman vassal in the Battle of Karanovasa in 1394, Stefan Lazarević
- 1395, the Battle of Rovine in 1395, Stefan Lazarević
- 1396 The Battle of Nicopolis in 1396, widely regarded as the last large-scale crusade of the Middle Ages, failed to stop the advance of the victorious Ottomans.
- 1396 the Battle of Nicopolis in 1396, Stefan Lazarević
- 1397 Widow Mara Brankovic with sons (1397–1412) Kosovo
- 1397 The Turks quickly recovered and imposed their own rule over Lazar's successors, and after 1392 over Vuk Brankovic, who had become a leading figure until the Turks overthrew him and imprisoned him in .
1400-1499
- 1402 Stefan Lazarevic (1402–1427) Despots of restored Serbia
- 1402 Stefan Lazarevic, Prince (1389–1402), assumes title Despot Pomoravlje (river Morava basin) END
- 1402 Battle of Ankara in 1402 Battle of Ankara
- 1402 He became the Despot of Serbia in 1402 after the Ottoman state temporarily collapsed following Timur's invasion of Anatolia with the Battle of Ankara, and in Stefan Lazarević
- 1402 In the feud between Turkish vassal Djuradj Brankovic and his uncle Stevan Lazarevic (son of Prince Lazar) who later received the title of Byzantine despot, Djuradj II sided with Stevan. Due to Djuradj's support, Stevan defeated Turkish forces led by Djuradj Brankovic in the battle of Gracanica on Kosovo field (21 June 1402) (J. Jovanovic, Stvaranje Crnogorske Drzave i Razvoj Crnogorske Nacionalnosti, Obod, Cetinje 1947, p. 36).
- 1402 Part of the Ottoman territories in the Balkans (such as Thessaloniki, Macedonia and Kosovo) were temporarily lost after 1402.
- 1402 Tamerlane invaded Anatolia with the Battle of Ankara in 1402,
- 1402 and in the Battle of Ankara in 1402.Stefan Lazarević
- 1402 when chaos reigned in the Ottoman Empire following the defeat of Sultan Bayezid I in 1402 by the Mongol warlord Timur (Tamerlane). Although Mehmed Çelebi was confirmed as sultan by Tamerlane, his brothers refused to recognize his authority. Ottoman Interregnum The capture of Bayezid I threw the Turks into disorder. The state fell into a civil war which lasted from 1402 to 1413, as Bayezid's sons fought over succession. It ended when Mehmed I emerged as the sultan and restored Ottoman power, bringing an end to the Interregnum. Ottoman Empire
- 1403 proclaimed Belgrade his capital. He built a fortress with a citadel which was destroyed during the Great Turkish War in 1690; only the Despot Stefan Tower remains today. Stefan Lazarević
- 1404 Stefan Tvrtko II Tvrtkovic Bosnian rule
- 1406 Battle of Despotovac in Despotovac (Serbians led by Stefan Lazarević defeat Ottomans of Musa Çelebi) After the battle, Serbia had peace with the Ottomans for a long time.
- 1406 Gjergj Kastrioti Skanderbeg (6 May 1405 – 17 January 1468) was born Skanderbeg
- 1408, After John's death in 1408, the Emperor Manuel II Palaeologus gave Thessalonica under the rule of his son Despot Andronicus who was ailing and weakling and could do nothing to strengthen the main city in Macedonia - second of importance in all the empire. Ohrid Archbishopric. In their conquests, they showed tolerance towards the Christian faith
- 1409 Stefan Ostoja (1409–1418), second reign
- 1409 Stefan Tvrtko II Tvrtkovic Stephen Ostoja (restored) (1409–1418) House of Kotromanić
- 1410 Lekë Dukagjini (1410–81) was born Lekë Dukagjini
- 1412 After the battle of Angora in 1402, Prince Stefan took advantage of the chaos in the Ottoman state. In Constantinople he received the title of despot, and upon returning home, having defeated Brankovic's relatives he took control over the lands of his father. Despite frequent internal conflicts and his vassal obligations to the Turks and Hungarians, despot Stefan revived and economically consolidated the Serbian state, the center of which was gradually moving northward. Under his rule Novo Brdo in Kosovo became the economic center of Serbia where in he issued a Law of Mines in 1412
- 1412 Widow Mara Brankovic with sons (1397–1412) Kosovo
- 1412 Mosque of Suziut # 1412-1413
- 1412 Name is Suziut Rennovated in 1995 Built in (1412/1413) Questionable if this is corrent.
- 1412 Stefan Lazarević Under his rule, he issued a Code of Mines in 1412 in Novo Brdo, the economic center of Serbia. In his legacy, Resava-Manasija monastery (Pomoravlje District), he organized the Resava School, a center for correcting, translating, and transcribing books.
- 1413 After the Ottoman Interregnum, when Mehmed stood as victor in 1413, he crowned himself sultan in Edirne.
- 1413 Musa Çelebi was killed 5 July 1413 in Bulgaria.
- 1413 The Interregnum lasted until 1413, when Mehmed Çelebi emerged as victor in the strife, crowned himself sultan, and restored the empire. Ottoman Interregnum
- 1415 possible submission of kastriot of Albania
- 1415, Wallachia accepted the suzerainty of the Ottoman Empire; this lasted until the 19th century, albeit with brief periods of Russian occupation between 1768 and 1854 Walachia
- 1417, Ottoman forces captured Vlora and then Gjirokastra. But their grip on the country was weak, and Albania had not yet given up
- 1418 Stephen Ostojić (1418–1421) House of Kotromanić
- 1421 Stefan Ostojic (1418–1421)
- 1421 Tvrtko II (restored) (1421–1443) House of Kotromanić
- 1422 the new Turkish sultan Murad II laid a long and heavy siege to Thessalonica which at the end left its inhabitants without any hope for salvation. Next summer Despot Andronicus and the municipality of Thessalonica decided to commit the government of the town to the Venitians hoping that they Would help against the merciless foes. But the Venitians too acted inconsistently and hesitatingly - they could neither defense the town effectively nor rule it properly and gradually they antagonized the inhabitants of Thessalonica.
- 1422, began the Siege of Thessalonika and Constantinople.Siege of Thessalonica (1422–1430) Siege of Thessalonika (1422)
- 1427 Djuradj Brankovic (1427–1456) Despots of restored Serbia
- 1427 Stefan LazarevićStefan Lazarević died suddenly in 1427, leaving the throne to his nephew Đurađ Branković.
- 1430 but were later recovered by Murad II between the 1430s and 1450s.
- 1430 the sultan's troops who had laid a passive siege till now started a direct assault against the town to capture it. Three days later Thessalonica was taken by the Turks and thus the whole Macedonia was conquered.
- 1439 the Ottomans captured Smederevo, the Branković's capital. Đurađ Branković
- 1443 Tvrtko II (restored) (1421–1443) House of Kotromanić END
- 1443, the Ottoman army was defeated, at the Serbian town of Niš, by a crusade under a multi-national leadership which included the Hungarian hero János Hunyadi. At this point Skanderbeg, an Albanian nobleman who had been trained as a soldier in the Ottoman army, raised a rebellion from his family seat at Kruja.
- 1444 Battle of Varna 1444
- 1448 Battle of Kosovo (1448)
- 1453 Fall of Constantinople in 1453.
- 1455 Kërëk Mosque 1455 Kërëk Xhamia 1455
- 1455 Mosque of Xhumasë # 1455
- 1455 The Holy Archangels church, however, due to its ill-fated destiny, was destroyed when Prizren fell under Turkish domination in 1455
- 1455 The Ottomans occupied Prizren on June 21, 1455, and that is when the oriental urban development of Prizren began
- 1455 Kosovo was part of the Ottoman Empire from 1455 to 1912, at first as part of the eyalet of Rumelia, and from 1864 as a separate province (vilayet).
- 1455, it was finally and fully conquered by the Ottoman Empire.
- 1456 Lazar Brankovic (1456–1458) Despots of restored Serbia
- 1456 Siege of Belgrade, 1456
- 1458 Stefan Brankovic and Helen Palaiologos, Regency (1458–1459) Despots of restored Serbia
- 1459 Stefan Tomasevic (1459) Despots of restored Serbia
- 1459 Serbia proper was annexed by the Ottoman Empire in 1459.
- 1459 Serbia was beaten by the Turks,
- 1471 a dependent Serbian state was established by the Hungarians mostly on the territory of Vojvodina and Syrmia.
- 1496 the small Serbian territories of Bosnia and Montenegro were lost by 1496
1500-1599
- 1500 Xhamia “Maksut Pasha” shek.XVI/XVII in the region of Prizren built in 1500
- 1500 Mosque Katip Sinan Qelebi,Prizren Xhamia “Sinan Katibi” shek. XVInë in the region of Prizren built in 1500
- 1513 Xhamia “Suzi Prizreni” in Prizren built in 1513
- 1526 Xhamia “Haxhi Kasami”në k. Prizren built in 1526
- 1526 Mosque of Haxhi Kasëmi t (Toska) 1526/1533
- 1526Mosque of Jakup be Evrenozi t 1526
- 1534 Mosque of Kuklibeu t 1534
- 1534 Xhamia e “Iljaz Kukës” (1534) në Prizren;
- 1538 Mosque of the new neighborhood 1538
- 1543 Mosque of Kuklibeu t 1543
- 1543 Mosque of Myderis Ali Efendisë (Xh. Ali Hoxha) 1543-1581 suffered from fire 1975
- 1545 Mosque of Mehmet Pasha (Bajrakli) 1545 1573/1574
- 1549 Bajrakli (Mehmed-Pašina) Mosque - was built in 1549.
- 1561 The Bajrakli Gazi Mehmet Pasha's mosque is the oldest monument of Islamic art in Prizren. The inscription above the entrance states it was built in 1561. This mosque has a square base and numerous windows, while the main veneration niche (mihrab) and the pulpit (mimber) are made of marble.
- 1562 Mosque of Mustafe Pashe Prizreni t 1562/1563
- 1566 Mosque of Maksut Pasha 1566
- 1566 Mosque of Sejdi Beu t 1566
- 1576 Sinan 1576 or 1589/1590
- 1591 Mosque of Sinan Qatipi t (mosque short) 1591
- 1594 Xhamia "Arasta (Evreson beu)" built in 1594 Renovated in 1962
1600-1699
- 1615 Mosque of Sinan Pasha 1615
- 1615 Pašina Sinan mosque
- 1646 Kaderi-Zingjirli 1646 or 1665
- 1650 Mosque of Sejdi Beu t 1650
- 1667 Great Turkish War 1667-1683
- 1668 Sinan 1668 or 1706
- 1689 Mosque of Begzadës # 1689
- 1699 Mosque of Helveti Serezi by Osman Baba 1699/700
1700-1799
1800-1899
- 1800 Mosque of Budak Hoxha XVIII
- 1800 Mosque of Dragomani t XVIII
- 1800 Mosque of Haxhi Ramadani t 1800
- 1800 Mosque of Tabakhanës XVIII
- 1808 Mosque of Markëllëqi t (Tabahane) 1808
- 1828 Mosque of kalasë 1828 was rrënua 1912
- 1830 Kaderi Rezaki 1830
- 1831 Mosque of Emin Pasha Rrotllës 1831/1832
- 1833 Hoqa Mahallës Mosque of (Mahmoud Pasha) 1833
- 1850 Bektashi 1850
- 1856 EPISCOPAL CHURCH OF St. GEORGE, PRIZREN
- 1871 Seminary in Prizren was established in 1 October 1871.
- 1892 Melami 1892
- 1893 Rufai 1893
1900-1999
- 1908 - The Young Turk Revolution starts within the Ottoman Empire. As Bulgaria proclaims independence, Serbia starts looking toward Kosovo and Macedonia in the south, having to accept the Bosnian occupation.
- 1912 - The Balkan Wars begin as Montenegro and Serbia (followed by Bulgaria and Greece) declare war on the Ottoman Empire. The Balkan League besieges Constantinople. Serbia and Montenegro divide the Raška region, Albania and Kosovo, while Serbia also takes the offensive on Macedonia in the Battle of Kumanovo and the Battle of Bitola. The Ottoman Empire capitulates.
- 1912 - The Balkan Wars: the Kingdom of Serbia gains control of the larger part of Kosovo from the Turks (the smaller section going to Kingdom of Montenegro), recognised by 1913 Treaty of London. Within Serbia, the regions of the former vilayet are split into three minor subunits with only one part baring the name of Kosovo.
- 1914: The Battle of Cer marks the First Allied Victory in the War, as the Serbian First Army under field marshal Stepa Stepanović pushes the Austro-Hungarian Army across the Drina and Sava rivers, expelling them from the Kingdom of Serbia. Serbia suffers 16,000 casualties, compared to 30,000 Austro-Hungarian casualties in this part of the Serbian Campaign.
- 1918: Serbia's absorption of Montenegro followed by its unification with the State of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes to form the first incarnation of Yugoslavia takes the territories of Kosovo with it into the new entity (ratified in various treaties throughout 1919 and 1920).
- 7 April 1939: During World War II, the majority of Kosovo was part of the Italian occupation of Albania.
- September 1943: Kosovo becomes part of Nazi German occupied Albania.
- 1944: The Democratic Federal Yugoslavia is created with the national boundary with Albania precisely as it had been prior to World War II.
- 1946: Kosovo as a political unit resurfaces for the first time since 1912. Now named the Autonomous Province of Kosovo and Metohija, the new entity exists as an autonomous region within the Socialist Republic of Serbia but it only occupies a fraction of the territory which had been Kosovo prior to 1912: whilst a part of the former vilayet remained within Central Serbia, the other lands were placed in the newly created Yugoslav republics of Monenegro and Macedonia (both outside of and equal partners to Serbia).
- 1963: As a result of the new constitution, the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia is announced. Kosovo sees an increase in the level of self-rule.
- 1971: A higher level of autonomy is devolved to Kosovo's authorities.
- 1974: Kosovo becomes the Socialist Autonomous Province of Kosovo, now arguably equal to the republics of Yugoslavia as Serbia no longer has direct authority over Kosovo.
- 1987 (April 24): As animosity between Serbs and Albanians in Kosovo had deepened during the 1980s, Slobodan Milošević was sent to address a crowd of Serbs in Kosovo Polje.
- 1990: Kosovo becomes part of the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia as the Autonomous Province of Kosovo and Metohija. Changes to the constitution by Serbia's parliament revert Kosovo back to its pre-1974 status; separare problems among the Yugoslav republics predating this event means that the country was now rump with no effective central authority to outlaw these measures.
- 22 September 1991: The Republic of Kosova is proclaimed, however only Albania recognises it.
- 1996-1999: Clashes between the KLA and the security forces of the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia intensify to become a full-scale war.
- 10 June 1999: The Kosovo War comes to an end and Kosovo becomes a UN governed province under UNSC Resolution 1244, which is controlled by the United Nations Interim Administration Mission in Kosovo.
2000-Present
- 21 January 2006: Ibrahim Rugova, former President of Kosovo dies.
- 16 February 2008: The European Union Rule of Law Mission in Kosovo is formed which slowly replaced UNMIK.
- 17 February 2008: Kosovo declares independence from Serbia.
- 15 April 2008: The Government of Kosovo adopts the "Constitution of Kosovo".
- 15 August 2008: Serbian Foreign Minister Vuk Jeremić officially filed a request at the United Nations seeking opinion of the International Court of Justice.
- 8 October 2008: The United Nations General Assembly adopts the Serbian proposal with 77 votes in favour, 6 votes against and 74 abstentions.
- 21 January 2009: The Kosovo Security Forces is formed, a 2,500 strong NATO trained lightly armoured Security Force.
- 21 April 2009: The ICJ announced that 35 member states of the United Nations had filed written statements within the time-limit fixed by the court (17 April 2009) on the question of the legality of Kosovo's UDI.
- 29 June 2009: Kosovo becomes a full member of the World Bank and the International Monetary Fund.
- 22 July 2010: International Court of Justice votes 10-4 in a non-binding advisory opinion that Kosovo's declaration of indepenence did not violate international law.
See also
References
- The Roman army as a community: including papers of a conference held at ...by Adrian Keith Goldsworthy, Ian Haynes, Colin E. P. Adams, ISBN 1-887829-34-2, 1997, page 100
- The central Balkan tribes in pre-Roman times: Triballi, Autariatae, Dardanians, Scordisci and Moesians by Fanula Papazoglu, ISBN 90-256-0793-4, page 265
- ^ Pannonia and Upper Moesia: a history of the middle Danube provinces of the Roman Empire The Provinces of the Roman Empire Tome 4, ISBN 0-7100-7714-9, ISBN 978-0-7100-7714-1, 1974, page 9
- Wilkes, J. J. The Illyrians, 1992,ISBN 0-631-19807-5.,Page 85,"... Whether the Dardanians were an Illyrian or a Thracian people has been much debated and one view suggests that the area was originally populated with Thracians who where then exposed to direct contact with illyrians over a long period..."
- Hauptstädte in Südosteuropa: Geschichte, Funktion, nationale Symbolkraft by Harald Heppner, page 134
- Madrugearu A, Gordon M. The wars of the Balkan peninsula. Rowman & Littlefield, 2007, page 146
- Pritsak, Omeljan (1991). "Albanians". Oxford Dictionary of Byzantium. 1. New York/Oxford: Oxford University Press. pp. 52-53.
- Fine, John Van Antwerp (1994). The Late Medieval Balkans: A Critical Survey from the Late Twelfth Century to the Ottoman Conquest. University of Michigan Press. pp. 325–326. ISBN 978-0472082605.
- The Late Medieval Balkans: A Critical Survey from the Late Twelfth Century to the Ottoman Conquest
- The Late Medieval Balkans: A Critical Survey from the Late Twelfth Century to the Ottoman Conquest
- "UN seeks World Court Kosovo view". BBC. 2008-10-08. Retrieved 2008-10-08.
- International Court of Justice advisory opinion on Kosovo's declaration of independence.