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| official_name = Città di Teramo | official_name = Città di Teramo
| native_name = | native_name =
| image_skyline = Te.jpg | image_skyline = PalazzoCastelli.jpg
| imagesize = | imagesize =
| image_alt = | image_alt =
| image_caption = Teramo | image_caption = Palazzo Castelli.
| image_shield = Teramo-Stemma.png | image_shield = Teramo-Stemma.png
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'''Teramo''' {{audio|It-Teramo.ogg|<small>listen</small>}} is a city and '']'' in the central ] region of ], the capital of the ]. '''Teramo''' {{audio|It-Teramo.ogg|<small>listen</small>}} is a city and '']'' in the central ] region of ], the capital of the ].


The city, {{convert|150|km|mi|lk=out}} from ], is situated between the highest mountains of the ] (]) and the ]. It is indeed one of the few places where it is possible to reach, both the sunny beaches of the ] and the {{convert|3000|m|ft|lk=out}} covered by snow ] peaks, in less than half an hour from the city centre. The town is by the confluence of the Vezzola and ] rivers. The city, 150&nbsp;km from ], is situated between the highest mountains of the ] (]) and the ]. The town is located by the confluence of the Vezzola and ] rivers.


The economy of the town is mostly based on activities connected with agriculture and commerce, as well as a sound industrial sector: textiles, foods, engineering, building materials and ceramics. Teramo can easily be reached from the A14 ] and in one and a half hours by car from ] via the A24 autostrada. The economy of the town is mostly based on activities connected with agriculture and commerce, as well as a sound industrial sector: textiles, foods, engineering, building materials and ceramics. Teramo can be reached from the A14 the A24 motorways.
==Climate== ==Climate==
The climate is fresh-temperate. In the coolest month (January) temperatures average {{convert|5.5|°C|0|abbr=on}}, and in the warmest month (July) they average {{convert|24|°C|0|abbr=on}}. In the winter time though they can experience copious amounts of snowfall, as in 2005. The precipitations are not frequent and mostly concentrated in late spring. The summers are characterized by days of somewhat intense heat.


The climate is fresh-temperate. In the coolest month (January) temperatures average 5.5°C, and in the warmest month (July) they average 24°C. In the winter time though they can experience copious amounts of snowfall, as in 2005. The precipitations are not frequent and mostly concentrated in late spring. The summers are characterized by days of somewhat intense heat.
{{Infobox Weather
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|Jun precipitation mm = 62 |Jun precipitation mm = 62
|Jul precipitation mm = 0 |Jul precipitation mm = 0
|Aug precipitation mm = 30 |Aug precipitation mm = 30
|Sep precipitation mm = 30 |Sep precipitation mm = 30
|Oct precipitation mm = 30 |Oct precipitation mm = 30
|Nov precipitation mm = 157 |Nov precipitation mm = 157
|Dec precipitation mm = 90 |Dec precipitation mm = 90
|source 1 = National Weather Service |source = National Weather Service
|accessdate =
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== The name == == Name ==


] (]: {{polytonic|Ἰντέραμνα}}: ] Interamnas, Interamnātis), was the name of several cities in different parts of Italy. Its etymology, already pointed out by ] and ], indicates their position at the confluence of two streams.<ref>"inter amnes", Varro ''L. L.'' v.28, Fest. ''v.'' Amnes, p. 17, Müll.</ref> The form "Interamnium" (Greek: {{polytonic|Ἰντεράμνιον}}), and the ethnic form Interamnis, are also found, but more rarely. The name referred to the two rivers Vezzola and Tordino, between which it lies. ] (]: {{polytonic|Ἰντέραμνα}}: ] Interamnas, Interamnātis), was the name of several cities in different parts of Italy. Its etymology, already pointed out by ] and ], indicates their position at the confluence of two streams.<ref>"inter amnes", Varro ''L. L.'' v.28, Fest. ''v.'' Amnes, p. 17, Müll.</ref> The form "Interamnium" (Greek: {{polytonic|Ἰντεράμνιον}}), and the ethnic form Interamnis, are also found, but more rarely. The name referred to the two rivers Vezzola and Tordino, between which it lies.
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== History == == History ==
===Pre Roman Age: From 7th to 5th Century BC=== ===Pre Roman Age===
Teramo has very ancient origins. The settlement of the 1st BC millennium along with some buildings of the Ancient people of ] were the object of very recent archaeological excavations. The most ancient historical remains were found in the outskirts of the city, precisely, in the neighborhood Madonna della Cona, where, among many, a burial place with a dagger and a halberd were found. Allegedly, the development of the of the old settlement was due to the commercial center founded by the ] and ]n civilization. A settlement of the 1st millennium BC and some buildings of ancient ] were the object of archaeological excavations. The most ancient historical remains were found in the outskirts of the city, precisely in the neighborhood Madonna della Cona, where, among many, a burial place with a dagger and a halberd were found. Allegedly, the development of the of the old settlement was due to the commercial center founded by the ] and ]n civilization.


According to the Roman author ], the ancient Perut or Pretut (meaning "Hill surrounded by waters") strongly developed in dimensions and importance until it became the capital of the ] tribe.
===The Praetutii (The ancient people of Teramo)===

According to the Roman author ], the ancient Perut or Pretut ( hill surrounded by waters) strongly developed in dimensions and importance until it became the capital of Praetutium and ] where the ] people lived.


===Roman age === ===Roman age ===
In the ] (295 BC), the ] defied the Italian confederation (Sabellians, Etrusci, Umbri and their allies ], starting the ] begin. In 290 BC the Sabine area, along with the ]’s region is occupied by the legions sent by the consul general ].
]]]
The city took the Latin name of''''' Interamnia Preatuttorium''''' ("City of the Preaetutii between two rivers"). During the reign of ] Interamnia is included in the Picenum district. The area of the current province was divided from south to north into the Ager Hatrianus, Ager Praetutianus and Ager Palmense.


After the ] Interamnia became a municipium. The city lost the status of Municipium because of the participation of ] in the ] (91-88 BC), but the city will subsequently regain it for expressed will of ].
*295 BC In the ], the ] defy the Italian confederation (Sabellians, Etrusci, Umbri and their allies ]). With this battle the ] begin.
*290 BC The Sabine area along with the ]’s region is occupied by the legions sent by the consul general ].
The city takes its latin name of Interamnia Preatuttorium ( City of the Preaetutii between two rivers) allegedly simple translation of the toponym “Petrut”. During the Age of ] Intermania is included in the fifth district: The Picenum (the VI district was ] and the IV was Samnium). The area of the current province is divided from south to north in Ager Hatrianus, Ager Praetutianus and Ager Palmense.
During this period Interamnia is:
*Conciliabulum: Place of meeting and market
*Praefectura iure dicundo
*Municipium, after the 2nd social war
*]'s colony. In this period the city loses the status of Municipium because of the participation of ] in the ] (91-88 BC), but the city will subsequently regain it for expressed will of ].
*During the Roman age, thanks to its nearness to the capital of the empire, the city lives a very prosperous and favorable moment as the numerous mosaics, theater, thermal baths and the amphitheater remains evidence. As historians like ], ] and ] remember, the city reached its best period under the emperor ], with the constructions of the temples dedicated to ] and ].


During the Roman age, thanks to its nearness to the capital of the empire, the city lived a prosperous and favorable moment as proven by the numerous mosaics, theater, thermal baths and the amphitheater remains. As historians like ], ] and ] remember, the city reached its best period under the emperor ], with the constructions of the temples dedicated to ] and ].
===The Goths and the Byzantines===


===Middle Ages===
A first destruction of the city in the year 410 by the ] under ] is testified. Even though the information about this age is very uncertain, it is said that the presence of the ] in Interamnia is active until 552-554 A.d. Right after the ], the city is a possession of the ] empire. Teramo is then anew included in the Marchia Firmana, under the Greek Esarcato of ]. The city is now governed by a count of the Marchia Firmana.
A first destruction of the city in the year 410 by the ] under ] is testified. Even though informations about this age are scanty, the ] ruled Interamnia 552-554 AD. Right after the ], the city became a ] possession. Teramo is then anew included in the Marchia Firmana, under the Greek ]. The city is now governed by a count of the Marchia Firmana. Later it was a ] fief.
In 1129 the city was conquered by the ], as part of the ]. In 1140 it became a possession of ], the first ]. During the strife following the latter's accession, Teramo was destroyed by a Norman force under ]. Only the tower of Piazza Sant’Anna was saved from this sack; from this moment on it will be called Torre Bruciata (burnt tower). In the 1268 the domination of the ], who had inherited Sicily from Roger II's line, ended, to be replaced by that of the ].


The ecclesiastical authority of the Aprutina Diocese, led by the bishops Rainaldo Acquaviva, Niccolò degli Arcioni (1317), Stefano da Teramo (1335) and Pietro di Valle (1366) boosted the city's economy, as witnessed by the construction of castles, churches, cloisters and palaces along with the great privileges granted by the sovereigns.
===12th Century (1101-1200)===


===Renaissance and modern era ===
*1129 After the ]’ invasion in ], the city becomes territory of the ] settled in the duchy of ].
The 15th century saw the struggles between the most important families of the city (De Valle and Melatino). The exemplary hanging of 13 followers of Melatino’s family is still remembered in a stone shield in the very center of the city. The monument represents two heads with their tongues out under the writing “A lo parlare agi mesura” (mind what you say).
*1140 Teramo is possession of ], the first king of the ].
*1153 A not well-identified subject called Teodin, helps build the church and the cloister of Sant’Angelo delle Donne; subsequently it will take the name of Madonna Delle Grazie.
*Teramo is destroyed by the Norman army of Robert di Loretillo. Only the tower of Piazza Sant’Anna was saved from this sack; from this moment on it will be called Torre Bruciata (burnt tower).
*1176 The Romanesque construction of the ] is completed.


During the first years of the century, the tyrant Antonello de Valle was assassinated and therefore his castle, which was located in a square known nowadays as Piazza ], was demolished. The legend says that the belligerence between the families ended thanks to the women of the city who proclaimed a strike of affection. Despite the internal struggles, the city lived a very developed cultural period in the century. Artists like Jacobello del Fiore and ] were called to work in the city, which had commercial relationship with ] and ].
===13th Century (1201-1300) “Age of Freedom”===
]]]
*1268 End of ] dominion and beginning of the one of the ].


After the death of ], ] sold Teramo to the Duke of ] for 40,000 ducats. The people of Teramo rebelled, but in vain. In 1626 Teramo was struck by an earthquake, followed four year later by the plague. The town was sacked by French troops in 1798.
===14th Century (1301-1400)===


===Contemporary age===
During the ] dominion, Teramo is subjected to a new period of majesty and prosperity: the ecclesiastical authority of the Aprutina Diocese, led by the bishops Rainaldo Acquaviva, Niccolò degli Arcioni (1317), Stefano da Teramo (1335) and Pietro di Valle (1366) gives new life to the city. This is witnessed by the construction of beautiful castles, churches, cloisters and palaces along with the great privilege granted by the sovereigns. The city changes its architectural face, both in the old district and the new. It turns into a frontier city and in the very sense of the word, it is named Gate of the Reigns.
In 1925 the first Italian Psychoanalytic Society wasfounded in Teramo.


During ], on 25 June 1943 German troops arrived in Teramo and proceeded to Bosco Martese where they fought against the men of ] movement. The episode will be remembered as “Bosco Martese battle”
===15th Century (1401-1500) ===
]
*Period defined by the struggles between the most important families of the city (De Valle and Melatino). The exemplary hanging of 13 followers of Melatino’s family is still remembered in a stone shield in the very center of the city. The monument represents two heads with their tongues out under the writing “A lo parlare agi mesura” (mind what you say).
*During the first years of the century, the tyrant Antonello de Valle is assassinated and therefore his beautiful castle, which was located in a square known nowadays as Piazza ], is demolished. The legend says that the belligerence between the families ended thanks to the women of the city who proclaimed a strike of affection. Despite the internal struggles, the city lives a very developed cultural period. Artists like Jacobello del Fiore and Nicola da Guardiagrele give pearls of beauty to the city and the commercial relationship with ] and ] turns Teramo into a cultural shrine.
*In June 1442, the ] is a property of ], King of ].


In 1972 the first edition of ] was held.
===16th Century (1501-1600)===


The ] was founded in the city in 1993.
*1504 The kingdom of Naples passes to ], king of ]. This begins the Spanish dominion to ] and all of Southern Italy.
*After the death of ], ] is the new king, and Teramo is sold to the Duque of ] for 40.000 ducats. Because of this, the people of Teramo strongly rebel. It is indeed said that among the night from the 17th to the 18th of November 1521, the troops of the Duke who were surrounding the city fled scared by the vision of the ] with ] defending the city. The miracle of ], patron saint of the city was born.

===17th Century (1601-1700)===

*1626 Teramo is struck by an earthquake
*1630 A black plague spread from ] hits the city

===18th Century (1701-1800)===

*1707 After of the ], the ] has the domain of the whole ] for 27 years.
*1744 German invasion and the beginning of a new movement based on the ] philosophy in Teramo. It is led by several intellectuals, among which outshines ], a notable poet, composer and Italian philosopher.
*1798 The French troops enter Teramo. Even though they are initially sacked by the citizens, they come back a few days later, ruthless destroying the whole city.

===19th Century (1801-1900) ===
]]]
*The 15th of March 1806 ] defeats the troops of ]. Teramo is officially a French possession.
*1815 The city is once again, a possession of the ]
*1832 ] pays its first visit to the city
*1844 ] pays its second visit to the city
*1847 ] pays its third visit to the city
*1890 the Astronomy Observatory of Collurania is founded

===Modern age===
*1925 The first Italian Psychoanalytic Society is founded in Teramo.
*1934 The beautiful palace of Convitto Nazionale and Melchiorre Delfico library is completed and inaugurated in the square that will be entitled to ]
*1941 Foundation of Zoo Profillatico Sperimentale Institute
*25 of June 1943 The German troops arrive in Teramo and proceed to Bosco Martese where they fight against the men of ] movement of Teramo. The episode will be remembered as “Bosco Martese battle”
*1972 First edition of ] (still in progress)
* 30 of June1985 Official visit of ]
*1989 Teramo is nominated by ] “A city open to the world”
*June 1991 Cardinal, ] leads in the ] on a historic Congress called “Capitalism and Social Rights”
*1993 Official foundation of the ].
*15 of September 2005 Official visit of the ] ].
*22 of November 2008 Official visit of the ] ]
*April 2009 Even though the tremors are strongly felt in the city, Teramo is not damaged by ].
*16 of December 2009 The city and the province of Teramo sign a protocol of friendship and cooperation with the provincial council of ] in ].


]
== Main sights == == Main sights ==
The city's main attractions include:
===Roman Theatre===
]
The Roman theatre was built at the beginning of the 2nd century, under the rule of the emperor ]. The theatre is merely a stone’s throw away from the Duomo of Teramo. The walls are {{convert|10|ft|2|abbr=on|lk=out}} long and are a testimony of how big the theatre was when its capacity was 3.000 spectators. Since the fall of ], the building materials were used in other projects. In 1918 its ruins were found and in 2007 the rebuilding project was designed. After the demolition of Palazzo Adamoli planned for 2011, the theatre will rediscover its first glory. The masterpiece was described through the poetic lines of famous poet ]. He said “The remains of the theatre of Interamnia proves its ancient Roman majesty”.


*the Cathedral of ], built in 1158 by bishop Guido II, in Romanesque style. It has a portal in Gothic style, finished in 1332 by the Roman master Deodato di Cosma. It houses a silver paliotto by ] (with 35 scenes of the life of Jesus) and a ] by the Venetian artist Jacobello del Fiore depicting the Incoronation of the Virgin. Annexed is a 50 m bell tower
===Roman Amphitheater===
*the Romanesque church of Sant'Antonio (1127), with a fine portal. The interior, with a single nave, was renovated along Baroque lines.

*the church of San Getulio, built in the early Middle Ages on the ruins of a Roman temple, finally destroyed in 1155 by the Normans. Only the presbyterium and some Romanesque elements remain of the original building.
Even though it is sure that the {{convert|700|ft|2|abbr=on|lk=out}} wide building was a site of urban interest, there is no proof that the great amphitheater of Teramo was the center of the first Christians’ martyrdom. It is believed that in the ] it was used as a castle or a fortress to protect the city. The legend tells that a beautiful Spanish lady had the mission of killing the men who had loved her the night before. She stole their souls immediately after, so no-one would have evidence of the passion of her nights.
*the church of San Domenico (14th century) with a fine Virgin with Child.

*the sanctuary of the Madonna delle Grazie (also known as Chiesa di Santa Maria delle Grazie). It has a Romanesque cloister and a 15th century miraculous wooden statue of the Virgin, attributed to Silvestro dell'Aquila.
===Casa Urbani===
*the Palazzo Vescovile ("Bishops Palace"), from the 14th century.
It is one of the most interesting houses still remaining from the Teramo of the ]. Built by Norman Count from Loretello right after the siege, but prior to the fire that burn the city in the middle of the 12th century.
*the remains of the Roman theatre (built about 30 BCE) and of the amphitheatre (about 3rd-4th century CE).

===Spirito Santo===
The church of the 14th century was connected with the church of “Santo Spirito in Saxia” in ]. Something about it was reminiscent of the presence of the cross of ]. It was the centre of a hospital and of a brotherhood interested in the burial of the dead. It perfectly characterizes the elements of the Teramo of the ].

===Duomo===
]The Basilica Cathedral of Santa Marria Assunta and ] is the most important piece of art in Teramo. The construction began in 1158 under the wish of the bishop Guido II, because he was eager to have a new location for San Berardo da Pagliara memorabilia. It was consecrated and completed in 1176. Most of the material used to build was taken from the theater and the Roman amphitheater. The tower built in 11th and 12th centuries has three bells and it is {{convert|165|ft|2|abbr=on|lk=out}} long. Another relevant masterpiece is the silver canopy of Nicola da Guardiagrele, which took 15 years to be build (from 1433 to 1448). Since September 8, 2007, it is now possible to visit the subterranean crypt of ], the patron saint of Teramo.


===San Getulio===

The church of San Getulio, built in the early Middle Ages on the ruins of a Roman temple, finally destroyed in 1155 by the ]. Only the presbytery and some Romanesque elements remain of the original building.


===Casa del Mutilato===
The old “Church della Misericordia” (now Casa del Mutilato) was built as a consequence of the pestilence in 1348, and was reorganized in 1928. It was very relevant the fresco of Giacomo da Campli (century 15). In 1514 it hosted the queen ], she went there to admire a precious crucifix that was said to contain a thorn from the crown of ].


===Convitto Nazionale===
]]]
Some think that it is not the most beautiful palace in Teramo, but that it is the entire square.
Majestic, stunning like a Roman monastery it is the centre of Convitto Nazionale and Liceo Classico. Built in 1934 it was the first building for the faculty of Law in Teramo in 1817.

===Vescovato===
It was most likely erected in 1374 with columns of stones and travertine from ]. It still is the residence of the bishop and the main offices of the Aprutina administration. It is the same bishop that every year among the Thursday and ] night leads an extraordinary nightly procession. The tradition tells that the ], who is not in mourning yet, wanders from church to church looking for his son. If in the desperate search, the virgin runs into the rain, she takes shelter in the nearest church where she will have to stay until the next night of the forthcoming year. Although the procession leaves at 4am, it is a rite that keeps on attracting thousands of faithful in the Easter of Teramo.

===Castello della Monica===

It is the desire of a man, an artist, who wanted to keep up with the changing style of the great cities in the 19th century through the “gothic revival”. Don Gennaro Della Monica decided to build a castle for himself and his family in Piazza ], he personally took care of any small detail. The history of the castle is the story of love, secrets, legends, and fantasies.


===Madonna delle Grazie===
]
The church “fuori porta (outside of the Roman’s gates that surrounded the city) is one of the most traditional of the ] relics in the town. The church along with the inner cloister was re-opened in September 1900.

===Piazza Sant’Anna===

This is a square in the old part of the city with a stunning church. It has recently been object of studying owing to the remains found belonging to the old Torre Bruciata and to a Roman ] of the 2nd century B.c.

===Sor Paolo===
The archaeologists and the historians think it is a statue of an ancient powerful Roman patrician, the citizens of Teramo just think of him as Sor Paolo or rather ''Gnore Paule'' in dialect. In his left-hand people stuffed satires and letters of complaint about the city’s most powerful people. They are nowadays substituted with love poems or city Teramo teams flags.

===Palazzo Castelli===
]
The ex Casa Muzii (named after the owner's last name) was built in 1908 in Corso Cerulli. It is an example of ] in the city.


===Antico manicomio===
It was once considered the biggest psychiatric hospital of central/southern Italy. A building from 1323 with a top-notch staff of doctors. Marco Levi Bianchini, one of the most accomplished men of the Italian psychiatric field and ]’s pupil throughout an epistolary correspondence, led the center. He founded the Italian Psychoanalytic Society. On the gate of the hospital there was a sign that said “Here are the few perhaps not even the real ones”.

===Mosaico del leone===
It is by far the symbol of the archeological history of Teramo. Found in 1891 during the construction of the grand Palazzo Savini, the mosaic underwent centuries of dampness. However, due to the impeccable work of restoration specialists it still is a perfect representation of the works of urban archeology. The value of the masterpiece proves that a long time ago the city had an important tradition and a real school for the masters of mosaic. Today it’s still possible to meet young craftsmen who are studying the art of mosaic according to the rules of the ancient ] masters.


].]]


== Culture == == Culture ==


An art exhibit, ''Maggio Festeggiante'', is held each May, and the Teramo Literary Prize and the ], an international event with athletes coming from all over the world. A week in October is dedicated to an international photography of film show. An art exhibit, ''Maggio Festeggiante'', is held each May. The summer calendar includes the Teramo Literary Prize and the ], an international handball event. A week in October is also dedicated to an international photography of film show.


===University of Teramo === ===University of Teramo ===
]]]

The ] offers five faculties, 24 degree courses, 35 Masters, six postgraduate schools and 10 departments. The entire 50,000 sq m of the Coste ] Campus holds the faculties of ], ], and ].

===Museo Cívico d’Arte e Pinacoteca di Teramo===


The ] offers 5 faculties, 24 degree courses, 35 Masters, 6 postgraduate schools and 10 departments. The Coste ] Campus holds the faculties of ], ], and ]. The University is living a period of internationalization through offering scholarships to students from all over of the world.
The archeological museum houses sculptures and ruins of the most ancient version of Teramo; from prehistory to the ] Age. The pinacoteca has a huge collection of canvas, paintings, and sculpture for permanent and stable collections.


===Osservatorio Collurania=== ===Osservatorio Collurania===
The Observatory of Teramo was founded by ] in 1890-1891, and donated to the Italian state in 1891. Starting from 1994, the observatory owns an 80&nbsp;cm-diameter optical telescope.
This was the dream of a man, an artist, who wanted to keep up with the changing style of the great cities in the 19th century through the “gothic revival”. Don Gennaro Della Monica built a castle for himself and his family in Piazza ].


===Istituto Zooprofilattico sperimentale===

Founded September 2, 1941 the ““Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell’] e del ] G. Caporale" (IZSAM) is one of the ten experimental institutes Zoo profilattico in ]. Its job is to inspect animals sanitary conditions, their health conditions, origin of the products, the veterinarian vigilance, the education, experimentation and scientific investigation, and the ambient care.




== Government == == Government ==
] ]
At the municipal level, the City of Teramo has a council made up of the mayor and councilmen that are elected every five years. In ] every citizen over 18 has the right to vote. At the municipal level, the City of Teramo has a council made up of the mayor and councilmen that are elected every 5 years. In ] every citizen over 18 has the right to vote.


The current Mayor Maurizio Brucchi was elected in June 2009, as the ex Mayor ] resigned to be proposed (and then elected) as a candidate of the ] region president. The current Mayor Maurizio Brucchi was elected in June 2009, as the ex Mayor ] resigned to be proposed (and then elected) as a candidate of the ] region president.


==Twin towns==
{| class="wikitable" border=1 cellpadding="3"
|- bgcolor=silver
! <center>'''Mayor'''
! <center>''' Party '''</center>
! <center>''' Year '''</center>
|-
| align="left" | Gianni Chiodi
| align="left" | Al centro con Chiodi
| align="left" | 2004
|-
| align="left" | Maurizio Brucchi
| align="left" | ]
| align="left" | 2009

|}

===International relations===
{{See also|List of twin towns and sister cities in Italy}} {{See also|List of twin towns and sister cities in Italy}}
===Twin towns — sister cities===
Teramo is ] with: Teramo is ] with:


Line 312: Line 183:
* {{flagicon|Montenegro}} ], ] * {{flagicon|Montenegro}} ], ]
* {{flagicon|Poland}} ], ], since 2007 * {{flagicon|Poland}} ], ], since 2007




== Notable people == == Notable people ==
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* ], (?-1123), ] and ] of the city and diocese * ], (?-1123), ] and ] of the city and diocese
* ], (1744–1835), ] philosopher * ], (1744–1835), ] philosopher
* ], (1825–1895), ] * ], (1825-1895), ]
* ], (1847–1927), author * ], (1847–1927), author
* ] (1859–1927), astronomer * ] (1859–1927), astronomer
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== Sport == == Sport ==
=== Basket=== === Basket===
] during a game.]] ] during a game.]]
] is a young but established basketball team playing in ], the Italian professional basketball league. Teramo has been an important launch pad for both Italian and American players such as ], ], and more... ] is a young but established basketball team playing in ], the Italian professional basketball league, from the last 7 seasons on. It ranked #3 in 2009 Italian league something that allowed the team to play the ] in 2010. Teramo has been an important launch pad for both Italian and American players such as ], ], ], ], ] and more...



===Football=== ===Football===
]]] ].]]
] is one of the oldest football clubs in the history of the Italian league, founded on July 15, 1913. It plays in the Italian ]. The "Comunale stadium" hosts concerts and football matches.


] was founded on July 15, 1913.


The new "Comunale stadium" hosts concerts and football matches. It has a capacity of 8,000.


===Handball=== ===Handball===
]]]


] are two handball teams (male and female) playing in the major handball championship in Italy. The city hosts the ] every July, the handball world cup with more than 30 teams from all over the world. ] are two handball teams (male and female) playing in the major handball championship in Italy. The city hosts the ] every July, the handball world cup with more than 30 teams from all over the world.




===Other sports=== ===Other sports===
Other sports practiced in Teramo are: tennis (the city hosts an international tournament once a year), ], ] and ] with Rally of Teramo. The ''Maratonina pretuziana'' short marathon is celebrated every year.
Other sports practiced in Teramo are:
*], (the city hosts an international tournament once a year)
*], Teramo rugby is the major team in the ]
*]
*] with Rally of Teramo
*Maratonina pretuziana is celebrated every year. It is a marathon race where many of athletes from all over the world participate.
*Teramo ] is the team that has won the most titles in Italy; it has also won a Champion’s league.



Teramo ] is the team that has won the most titles in Italy; it has also won a Champion’s league.


== Gastronomy == == Gastronomy ==
Line 384: Line 244:


Typical dishes from Teramo and the surrounding communities include the following: Typical dishes from Teramo and the surrounding communities include the following:
* '''Scrippelle''' - This dish is served in the throughout the Teramo province and is somewhat similar to French ], although typically made without milk. There are two common variations. The first is scrippelle 'mbusse - (dialect for scrippelle in brodo or broth) and consists of scrippelle rolled up in ] or ] cheese and served in chicken broth. A second variation is timballo - scrippelle layered with ragù, meat or tiny ] (polpettini), various cheeses such as scamorza, and sometimes peas (piselli). * scrippelle - This dish is served in the throughout the Teramo province and is somewhat similar to French ], although typically made without milk. There are two common variations. The first is scrippelle 'mbusse - (dialect for scrippelle in brodo or broth) and consists of scrippelle rolled up in ] or ] cheese and served in chicken broth. A second variation is timballo - scrippelle layered with ragù, meat or tiny ] (polpettini), various cheeses such as scamorza, and sometimes peas (piselli).
* '''Maccheroni alla chitarra''' - a flat, stringlike egg pasta which takes its name from the wooden instrument, basically a wooden frame strung with fine metal wire, called a chitarra (guitar), used to cut the pasta. * maccheroni alla chitarra - a flat, stringlike egg pasta which takes its name from the wooden instrument, basically a wooden frame strung with fine metal wire, called a chitarra (guitar), used to cut the pasta.
* '''Mazzarelle d'agnello''' - lamb's lung and innards wrapped in beet greens or chard and braised in white wine or tomato sauce. Not for the feint of heart and not to be confused with mozzarella cheese. * mazzarelle - lamb's lung and innards wrapped in beet greens or chard and braised in white wine or tomato sauce. Not for the feint of heart and not to be confused with mozzarella cheese.
* '''Le virtù''' - a vegetable soup typically prepared in May of each year to celebrate spiritual redemption and the bountiful virtues of the Earth. It is made with a wide variety of locally-grown vegetables and typically includes "annit" (a type of wild fennel). * virtù - a vegetable soup typically prepared in May of each year to celebrate spiritual redemption and the bountiful virtues of the Earth. It is made with a wide variety of locally-grown vegetables and typically includes "annit" (a type of wild fennel).
* '''Tacchino''' - a dish famous in the nearby provincial town of Canzano. Made by slow baking a turkey in gelatin (and ancient method of preserving meat) and typically served cold. * tacchino alla canzanese - a dish famous in the nearby provincial town of Canzano. Made by slow baking a turkey in gelatin (and ancient method of preserving meat) and typically served cold.
* '''Vino cotto''' - a fortified wine, found also in the ] region, produced by slowly boiling down grape juice before fermatation and aging thus producing a sweet and rich dessert-type of wine. Consumed both straight up and in cooking. * vino cotto - a fortified wine, found also in the ] region, produced by slowly boiling down grape juice before fermatation and aging thus producing a sweet and rich dessert-type of wine. Consumed both straight up and in cooking.
* '''Caggiunitti''' - deep fried almond fritters typically made with chocolate and chestnuts. * ''caggiunitti'' - deep fried almond fritters typically made with chocolate and chestnuts.


Teramo is also home to Torrefazione Adriatica, S.p.A., founded in 1942 and manufacturer of Marcafe, one of the most important brands of coffee in Italy.
]


==Transportation==


Teramo is located150&nbsp;km away from ], to which it is connected through the A24 highway called Teramo-].
==City connection and Tourism==
By railways, Teramo is connected with ].
]
The nearest airport is the “]”. It is 65&nbsp;km away from the city center and it is connected to the city through highway A14.
] ski slopes in Teramo]]
*Teramo is 90 miles (150&nbsp;km) away from ]. It is connected to the capital of Italy through the A24 highway called Teramo-]
*The public transportation to reach Teramo from ] leaves from Tiburtina Station in ] and it is a only bus-connection. It is hardly possible to reach Rome by the railways in the whole ] region.
*By railways, Teramo is connected with ] and after a fast change in the near station of ], it is possible to reach cities like ], ], ], ] and ].
*The nearest airport is the “]”. It is 40 miles (65&nbsp;km) away from the city center and it is connected to the city through highway A14 in less than one hour by car.
*The majestic Shrine of ] is one of the most visited sanctuaries in ]. It is 20 miles away from the city center and it is connected through highway A24 (Teramo-])
*] is one of the most beautiful villages in Italy. It is reachable within 15 minutes driving distance through SS24 route.
*] is a village 25 miles away (40&nbsp;km) from Teramo. It is best known for its, unique in the world, ]s.
*The nearest ] ski resorts and slopes are 25 miles away (40&nbsp;km) (], ]). They are reachable by SS 80 route in about 25 minutes.

== Other ==

*In 18th century Teramo was dubbed by ] “The Athens in the Kingdom” due to the presence of intellectuals in the city.
*In 1889 Teramo was nominated by ] “A city open to the world” owing to the aptitude of integration and cultural exchanges.
*] (the basketball centre) dome is the biggest in the world. Bigger than the one of Pantheon in ] and ].
*According to recent statics Teramo, considering the population, is the city that has more gym centers in all of ].
*In 2005 the Italian Ministry of Health found that Teramo, along with ], had the best ] to be found in ].


== References == == References ==
* {{SmithDGRG}} * {{SmithDGRG}}
;Notes ;Notes
{{Reflist|colwidth=30em}} {{reflist|colwidth=30em}}
== Bibliography ==

* ], ''Storia della Provincia di Teramo dalle origini al 1922'', Tercas, Teramo, 1980;
* ], ''Storia illustrata di Teramo'', Teramo, Edigrafital, 1970;
* Mutio De' Mutj ], ''Della Storia di Teramo dialoghi sette'', notes of ], Teramo, Tip. del Corriere Abruzzese, 1893, ;
* ], ''Storia ecclesiastica e civile della ... città di Teramo e Diocesi aprutina'', 5 volumes, 1st edition: Teramo, Angeletti, 1832-1836; 2nd edition: edited by Vittorio Savorini, ], Teramo, Fabbri, 1890-1893; 3rd edition:Teramo, Tercas, 1978-1981, ;
* ], ''Uno sguardo alla storia municipale di Teramo. Dai tempi più remoti all'èvo moderno'', in "Rivista abruzzese di scienze lettere ed arti" - (Rasla), 1st year (1886), n. 3, May, p. 97-105, ;
* ], ''Il comune teramano nella sua vita intima e pubblica dai piu antichi tempi ai moderni : racconti e studii seguiti da documenti e da tavole'', Roma, Forzani e C., 1895, ;
* ], ''Degli Stemmi e dei Gonfaloni di Teramo e dei suoi quattro quartieri'', in "Teramo. Bollettino mensile del Comune di Teramo", (1933), n. 7, July, p. 3-6, ;


== External links == == External links ==
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] ]
] ]
]
] ]
] ]

Revision as of 08:50, 12 November 2010

Comune in Abruzzo, Italy
Teramo
Comune
Città di Teramo
Palazzo Castelli.Palazzo Castelli.
Location of Teramo
CountryItaly
RegionAbruzzo
ProvinceTeramo (TE)
FrazioniSee list
Government
 • MayorMaurizio Brucchi (since June, 2009)
Area
 • Total151.88 km (58.64 sq mi)
Elevation265 m (869 ft)
Population
 • Total55,106
 • Density360/km (940/sq mi)
DemonymTeramani
Time zoneUTC+1 (CET)
 • Summer (DST)UTC+2 (CEST)
Postal code64100
Dialing code0861
Patron saintSaint Berardo
Saint dayDecember 19
WebsiteOfficial website

Teramo listen is a city and comune in the central Italian region of Abruzzo, the capital of the province of Teramo.

The city, 150 km from Rome, is situated between the highest mountains of the Apennines (Gran Sasso d’Italia) and the Adriatic coast. The town is located by the confluence of the Vezzola and Tordino rivers.

The economy of the town is mostly based on activities connected with agriculture and commerce, as well as a sound industrial sector: textiles, foods, engineering, building materials and ceramics. Teramo can be reached from the A14 the A24 motorways.

Climate

The climate is fresh-temperate. In the coolest month (January) temperatures average 5.5°C, and in the warmest month (July) they average 24°C. In the winter time though they can experience copious amounts of snowfall, as in 2005. The precipitations are not frequent and mostly concentrated in late spring. The summers are characterized by days of somewhat intense heat.

Climate data for Teramo
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) 14
(57) 		14
(57) 		15
(59) 		20
(68) 		24
(75) 		28
(82) 		32
(90) 		30
(86) 		24
(75) 		17
(63) 		13
(55) 		13
(55) 		20
(69)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) 5
(41) 		6
(43) 		7
(45) 		10
(50) 		14
(57) 		17
(63) 		21
(70) 		19
(66) 		14
(57) 		11
(52) 		6
(43) 		5
(41) 		11
(52)
Average precipitation mm (inches) 14
(0.6) 		26
(1.0) 		67
(2.6) 		25
(1.0) 		92
(3.6) 		62
(2.4) 		0
(0) 		30
(1.2) 		30
(1.2) 		30
(1.2) 		157
(6.2) 		90
(3.5) 		623
(24.5)
Source: National Weather Service

Name

Interamna (Greek: Template:Polytonic: Eth. Interamnas, Interamnātis), was the name of several cities in different parts of Italy. Its etymology, already pointed out by Varro and Festus, indicates their position at the confluence of two streams. The form "Interamnium" (Greek: Template:Polytonic), and the ethnic form Interamnis, are also found, but more rarely. The name referred to the two rivers Vezzola and Tordino, between which it lies.

The name is already corrupted in extant manuscripts of the Liber Coloniarum into Teramne, whence its modern form of Teramo. But in the Middle Ages it appears to have been known also by the name of Aprutium, supposed to be a corruption of Praetutium, or rather of the name of the people Praetutii, applied (as was so often the case in Gaul) to their chief city. Thus the name Abrutium is present among the cities of Picenum enumerated by the Geographer of Ravenna (iv. 31); and under the Lombards a comes Aprutii is mentioned. The name has been retained in that of Abruzzo, now a region of Italy.

History

Pre Roman Age

A settlement of the 1st millennium BC and some buildings of ancient Italic tribes were the object of archaeological excavations. The most ancient historical remains were found in the outskirts of the city, precisely in the neighborhood Madonna della Cona, where, among many, a burial place with a dagger and a halberd were found. Allegedly, the development of the of the old settlement was due to the commercial center founded by the Etruscan and Phoenician civilization.

According to the Roman author Sextus Julius Frontinus, the ancient Perut or Pretut (meaning "Hill surrounded by waters") strongly developed in dimensions and importance until it became the capital of the Praetutii tribe.

Roman age

In the battle of Sentinum (295 BC), the Romans defied the Italian confederation (Sabellians, Etrusci, Umbri and their allies Gauls, starting the Samnite Wars begin. In 290 BC the Sabine area, along with the Praetutii’s region is occupied by the legions sent by the consul general Manius Curius Dentatus. The city took the Latin name of Interamnia Preatuttorium ("City of the Preaetutii between two rivers"). During the reign of Augustus Interamnia is included in the Picenum district. The area of the current province was divided from south to north into the Ager Hatrianus, Ager Praetutianus and Ager Palmense.

After the Second Social War Interamnia became a municipium. The city lost the status of Municipium because of the participation of Lucius Cornelius Sulla in the Social war (91-88 BC), but the city will subsequently regain it for expressed will of Julius Caesar.

During the Roman age, thanks to its nearness to the capital of the empire, the city lived a prosperous and favorable moment as proven by the numerous mosaics, theater, thermal baths and the amphitheater remains. As historians like Ptolemy, Livy and Pliny remember, the city reached its best period under the emperor Hadrian, with the constructions of the temples dedicated to Mars and Apollo.

Middle Ages

A first destruction of the city in the year 410 by the Visigoths under Alaric I is testified. Even though informations about this age are scanty, the Ostrogoths ruled Interamnia 552-554 AD. Right after the Gothic War (6th century), the city became a Byzantine possession. Teramo is then anew included in the Marchia Firmana, under the Greek Exarchate of Ravenna. The city is now governed by a count of the Marchia Firmana. Later it was a Lombard fief.

In 1129 the city was conquered by the Normans, as part of the County of Apulia. In 1140 it became a possession of Roger II of Sicily, the first King of Sicily. During the strife following the latter's accession, Teramo was destroyed by a Norman force under Robert II of Loritello. Only the tower of Piazza Sant’Anna was saved from this sack; from this moment on it will be called Torre Bruciata (burnt tower). In the 1268 the domination of the House of Hohenstaufen, who had inherited Sicily from Roger II's line, ended, to be replaced by that of the House of Anjou.

The ecclesiastical authority of the Aprutina Diocese, led by the bishops Rainaldo Acquaviva, Niccolò degli Arcioni (1317), Stefano da Teramo (1335) and Pietro di Valle (1366) boosted the city's economy, as witnessed by the construction of castles, churches, cloisters and palaces along with the great privileges granted by the sovereigns.

Renaissance and modern era

The 15th century saw the struggles between the most important families of the city (De Valle and Melatino). The exemplary hanging of 13 followers of Melatino’s family is still remembered in a stone shield in the very center of the city. The monument represents two heads with their tongues out under the writing “A lo parlare agi mesura” (mind what you say).

During the first years of the century, the tyrant Antonello de Valle was assassinated and therefore his castle, which was located in a square known nowadays as Piazza Garibaldi, was demolished. The legend says that the belligerence between the families ended thanks to the women of the city who proclaimed a strike of affection. Despite the internal struggles, the city lived a very developed cultural period in the century. Artists like Jacobello del Fiore and Nicola da Guardiagrele were called to work in the city, which had commercial relationship with Tuscany and Venice.

After the death of Ferdinand II, Charles II of Spain sold Teramo to the Duke of Atri for 40,000 ducats. The people of Teramo rebelled, but in vain. In 1626 Teramo was struck by an earthquake, followed four year later by the plague. The town was sacked by French troops in 1798.

Contemporary age

In 1925 the first Italian Psychoanalytic Society wasfounded in Teramo.

During World War II, on 25 June 1943 German troops arrived in Teramo and proceeded to Bosco Martese where they fought against the men of Resistance movement. The episode will be remembered as “Bosco Martese battle”

In 1972 the first edition of Interamnia World Cup was held.

The University of Teramo was founded in the city in 1993.

File:DUomote.jpg
The Cathedral of Teramo.

Main sights

The city's main attractions include:

  • the Cathedral of Saint Berardo, built in 1158 by bishop Guido II, in Romanesque style. It has a portal in Gothic style, finished in 1332 by the Roman master Deodato di Cosma. It houses a silver paliotto by Nicola of Guardagriele (with 35 scenes of the life of Jesus) and a polyptych by the Venetian artist Jacobello del Fiore depicting the Incoronation of the Virgin. Annexed is a 50 m bell tower
  • the Romanesque church of Sant'Antonio (1127), with a fine portal. The interior, with a single nave, was renovated along Baroque lines.
  • the church of San Getulio, built in the early Middle Ages on the ruins of a Roman temple, finally destroyed in 1155 by the Normans. Only the presbyterium and some Romanesque elements remain of the original building.
  • the church of San Domenico (14th century) with a fine Virgin with Child.
  • the sanctuary of the Madonna delle Grazie (also known as Chiesa di Santa Maria delle Grazie). It has a Romanesque cloister and a 15th century miraculous wooden statue of the Virgin, attributed to Silvestro dell'Aquila.
  • the Palazzo Vescovile ("Bishops Palace"), from the 14th century.
  • the remains of the Roman theatre (built about 30 BCE) and of the amphitheatre (about 3rd-4th century CE).
File:UNITE.jpg
The University of Teramo.

Culture

An art exhibit, Maggio Festeggiante, is held each May. The summer calendar includes the Teramo Literary Prize and the Interamnia World Cup, an international handball event. A week in October is also dedicated to an international photography of film show.

University of Teramo

The University of Teramo offers 5 faculties, 24 degree courses, 35 Masters, 6 postgraduate schools and 10 departments. The Coste Sant'Agostino Campus holds the faculties of Law, Communication Sciences, and Political Science. The University is living a period of internationalization through offering scholarships to students from all over of the world.

Osservatorio Collurania

The Observatory of Teramo was founded by Vincenzo Cerulli in 1890-1891, and donated to the Italian state in 1891. Starting from 1994, the observatory owns an 80 cm-diameter optical telescope.

Government

City Hall.

At the municipal level, the City of Teramo has a council made up of the mayor and councilmen that are elected every 5 years. In Italy every citizen over 18 has the right to vote.

The current Mayor Maurizio Brucchi was elected in June 2009, as the ex Mayor Gianni Chiodi resigned to be proposed (and then elected) as a candidate of the Abruzzo region president.

Twin towns

See also: List of twin towns and sister cities in Italy

Teramo is twinned with:

Notable people

People born in or around Teramo include:

Neighborhoods of Teramo

Frazioni

Cannelli, Caprafico, Castagneto, Castrogno, Cavuccio, Cerreto, Chiareto, Colle Caruno, Colleatterrato Alto, Colleminuccio, Colle Santa Maria, Forcella (located about 11 kilometers from Teramo and dominating the Vomano Valley, Frondarola, Galeotti, Garrano, Garrano Basso, Magnanella, Miano, Monticelli, Nepezzano, Pantaneto, Poggio Cono, Piano D'Accio, Piano della Lenta, Poggio San Vittorino, Ponzano, Putignano, Rapino, Rocciano, Rupo, Sardinara, Saccoccia, San Nicolò a Tordino (important industrial zone located along the axis joining Teramo to the sea), San Pietro ad Lacum, Sant'Atto, Scapriano, Sciusciano, Sorrenti, Spiano, Tofo Sant'Eleuterio, Tordinia, Turri, Valle San Giovanni, Valle Soprana, Varano, Villa Falchini, Villa Gesso, Villa Ripa, Villa Romita, Villa Stanghieri, Villa Taraschi, Villa Viola, Villa Vomano (located in the Vomano valley and an important link to the autostrada).

Sport

Basket

File:Siviglia-wear-teramo-basket.jpg
PalaScapriano during a game.

Teramo Basket is a young but established basketball team playing in Serie A, the Italian professional basketball league, from the last 7 seasons on. It ranked #3 in 2009 Italian league something that allowed the team to play the Eurocup in 2010. Teramo has been an important launch pad for both Italian and American players such as Bobby Jones, Clay Tucker, Jaycee Carroll, Roger Powell, Hassan Adams and more...

Football

File:Stadio2 77176.jpg
Stadio Comunale.

Teramo Calcio was founded on July 15, 1913.

The new "Comunale stadium" hosts concerts and football matches. It has a capacity of 8,000.

Handball

H.C. Teramo Handball are two handball teams (male and female) playing in the major handball championship in Italy. The city hosts the Interamnia World Cup every July, the handball world cup with more than 30 teams from all over the world.

Other sports

Other sports practiced in Teramo are: tennis (the city hosts an international tournament once a year), rugby, water polo and rallying with Rally of Teramo. The Maratonina pretuziana short marathon is celebrated every year.

Teramo torball is the team that has won the most titles in Italy; it has also won a Champion’s league.

Gastronomy

File:Vir-te.jpg
"Virtù", a typical Teramo dish.

The provincial Teramo gastronomy is known for its variety and richness. Typical ingredients include agnello (lamb), peperoncino (hot pepper), formaggio pecorino (sheep milk cheeses), and slow roasted pork. Common wines are the renowned Montepulciano and Trebbiano d'Abruzzo.

Typical dishes from Teramo and the surrounding communities include the following:

  • scrippelle - This dish is served in the throughout the Teramo province and is somewhat similar to French crepes, although typically made without milk. There are two common variations. The first is scrippelle 'mbusse - (dialect for scrippelle in brodo or broth) and consists of scrippelle rolled up in Pecorino or Parmesan cheese and served in chicken broth. A second variation is timballo - scrippelle layered with ragù, meat or tiny meatballs (polpettini), various cheeses such as scamorza, and sometimes peas (piselli).
  • maccheroni alla chitarra - a flat, stringlike egg pasta which takes its name from the wooden instrument, basically a wooden frame strung with fine metal wire, called a chitarra (guitar), used to cut the pasta.
  • mazzarelle - lamb's lung and innards wrapped in beet greens or chard and braised in white wine or tomato sauce. Not for the feint of heart and not to be confused with mozzarella cheese.
  • virtù - a vegetable soup typically prepared in May of each year to celebrate spiritual redemption and the bountiful virtues of the Earth. It is made with a wide variety of locally-grown vegetables and typically includes "annit" (a type of wild fennel).
  • tacchino alla canzanese - a dish famous in the nearby provincial town of Canzano. Made by slow baking a turkey in gelatin (and ancient method of preserving meat) and typically served cold.
  • vino cotto - a fortified wine, found also in the Marche region, produced by slowly boiling down grape juice before fermatation and aging thus producing a sweet and rich dessert-type of wine. Consumed both straight up and in cooking.
  • caggiunitti - deep fried almond fritters typically made with chocolate and chestnuts.

Teramo is also home to Torrefazione Adriatica, S.p.A., founded in 1942 and manufacturer of Marcafe, one of the most important brands of coffee in Italy.

Church of San Domenico.

Transportation

Teramo is located150 km away from Rome, to which it is connected through the A24 highway called Teramo-Rome. By railways, Teramo is connected with Pescara. The nearest airport is the “Abruzzo Airport”. It is 65 km away from the city center and it is connected to the city through highway A14.

References

Notes
  1. "Superficie di Comuni Province e Regioni italiane al 9 ottobre 2011". Italian National Institute of Statistics. Retrieved 16 March 2019.
  2. "Popolazione Residente al 1° Gennaio 2018". Italian National Institute of Statistics. Retrieved 16 March 2019.
  3. "inter amnes", Varro L. L. v.28, Fest. v. Amnes, p. 17, Müll.

External links


Abruzzo · Comuni of the Province of Teramo
Province of Teramo
Categories: