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{{Cite check|section|date=November 2010}} |
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{{Cite check|section|date=November 2010}} |
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The term '''Communist terrorism''' refers to ] committed by various movements that claim adherence to the doctrines of ] during a revolutionary struggle, as well as to ] during the consolidation of power after revolutionary victory.<ref name=martin>{{cite book |title=Understanding Terrorism: Challenges, Perspectives, and Issues |last=Martin |first=Gus |authorlink= |coauthors= |year=2009 |publisher=SAGE |location= |isbn=9781412970594 |page=44 |pages= |url=http://books.google.com.au/books?id=uJ6MeYq_FbkC |accessdate=}}</ref><ref name="Europe's red terrorists ">{{cite book|last1=Alexander|first1=Yonah |last2=Pluchinsky|first2=Dennis A. |title=Europe's red terrorists: the fighting communist organizations |edition=1st|date=1October 1992|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-0714634883|page=183}}</ref> |
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The term '''Communist terrorism''' has been used to describe forms of organized violence used by some Marxist, socialist, communist or similar ] groups during revolutionary struggle, or during the consolidation or maintenance of power after revolutionary victory (see ]).<ref name=martin>{{cite book |title=Understanding Terrorism: Challenges, Perspectives, and Issues |last=Martin |first=Gus |authorlink= |coauthors= |year=2009 |publisher=SAGE |location= |isbn=9781412970594 |page=44 |pages= |url=http://books.google.com.au/books?id=uJ6MeYq_FbkC |accessdate=}}</ref><ref name="Europe's red terrorists ">{{cite book|last1=Alexander|first1=Yonah |last2=Pluchinsky|first2=Dennis A. |title=Europe's red terrorists: the fighting communist organizations |edition=1st|date=1October 1992|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-0714634883|page=183}}</ref> The term derives from some early Marxists and socialists, who idealized the ] during the ] as an example of ]. |
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Left wing revolutionary groups which engage in violence generally predicate it on one of two grounds: |
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Many Orthodox Communists have emphasized revolution over reform and offered a vision of the working classes sweeping away the capitalist system. Some of these communist movements and parties had adopted armed struggle and seen terrorism as a viable option; on the other hand some dissident leftist terrorist organisations, including some of those in Western democracies, had little faith in the working classes, believing them to have been corrupted and sometimes argued that "liberating violence" was necessary to spur the revolution on.<ref>Martin, pages 223-4</ref> |
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*The concept - adapted from ] - that all remnants of the previous ] must be 'swept away' to solidify the new mode of production. This may continue on after the establishment of a left wing state (see ] for an example). |
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*The belief among some later Marxists that lower classes lack an appropriate ] (see ]) and need to be shocked into awareness of their state. This kind of "liberating violence" is designed to spur the revolution on, often on the assumption that the lower classes will rise up once the weakness of the upper classes is exposed.<ref>Martin, pages 223-4</ref> |
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Communist terrorism was predominantly a feature of the middle of the 20th century, extending from the Russian revolution out through numerous ] revolutions, militia organizations, and small-scale political movements in developed nations. Revolutionary Marxism faded In the latter half of the 20th century, and terrorist tactics were instead adopted by a broad range of other groups, particularly right-wing nationalist militias, totalitarian governments of any political stripe, and religiously-motivated groups like the ] and ]. |
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==Origin of Revolutionary terror== |
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==Origin of Revolutionary terror== |
Left wing revolutionary groups which engage in violence generally predicate it on one of two grounds:
Communist terrorism was predominantly a feature of the middle of the 20th century, extending from the Russian revolution out through numerous third-world revolutions, militia organizations, and small-scale political movements in developed nations. Revolutionary Marxism faded In the latter half of the 20th century, and terrorist tactics were instead adopted by a broad range of other groups, particularly right-wing nationalist militias, totalitarian governments of any political stripe, and religiously-motivated groups like the IRA and Al-Queda.
Terrorism in the form of 'communist fighting organizations' which operated in western Europe was seen as a threat by NATO and also by the Italian, German and British governments. In recent years, there has been a marked decrease in such terrorism, which has been substantially credited to the end of the Cold War and the fall of the U.S.S.R. However, at its apogee, communism was argued by some to be the major source of international terrorism (whether inspired by the ideology or supported by its states).
