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| *The concept - adapted from ] - that all remnants of the previous ] must be 'swept away' to solidify the new mode of production. {{fact|date=November 2010}} | *The concept - adapted from ] - that all remnants of the previous ] must be 'swept away' to solidify the new mode of production. {{fact|date=November 2010}} | ||
| *The belief among some later Marxists that lower classes lack an appropriate ] (see ]) and need to be shocked into awareness of their state. This kind of "liberating violence" is designed to spur the revolution on, often on the assumption that the lower classes will rise up once the weakness of the upper classes is exposed.<ref>Martin, pages 223-4</ref> | *The belief among some later Marxists that lower classes lack an appropriate ] (see ]) and need to be shocked into awareness of their state. This kind of "liberating violence" is designed to spur the revolution on, often on the assumption that the lower classes will rise up once the weakness of the upper classes is exposed.<ref>Martin, pages 223-4</ref> | ||
| ==Origin of Revolutionary terror== | |||
| German Social Democrat ] trace the origins of ] to the "]" of the ].<ref name="Kautsky">{{Cite book |url=http://marxists.org/archive/kautsky/1919/terrcomm/index.htm |title=Terrorism and Communism |author=] |year=1919 |chapter=Revolution and Terror |chapterurl=http://marxists.org/archive/kautsky/1919/terrcomm/ch01.htm |quote=Kautsky said: "It is, in fact, a widely spread idea that ]ism belongs to the very essence of ], and that whoever wants a revolution must somehow come to some sort of terms with terrorism. As proof of this assertion, over and over again the great ] has been cited." (Translated by W.H. Kerridge)}}</ref><ref>] by ]</ref> | |||
| == Western perspectives on terrorism committed by groups claiming adherence to Communist ideology == | == Western perspectives on terrorism committed by groups claiming adherence to Communist ideology == | ||
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The term Communist terrorism has been used to describe forms of organized violence used by some Marxist, socialist, communist or similar left-wing groups during revolutionary struggle, or during the consolidation or maintenance of power after revolutionary victory (see state terror). The term derives from some early Marxists and socialists, who idealized the Reign of Terror during the French Revolution as an example of class struggle.
Left wing revolutionary groups which engage in violence generally predicate it on one of two grounds:
- The concept - adapted from historical materialism - that all remnants of the previous mode of production must be 'swept away' to solidify the new mode of production.
- The belief among some later Marxists that lower classes lack an appropriate class consciousness (see false consciousness) and need to be shocked into awareness of their state. This kind of "liberating violence" is designed to spur the revolution on, often on the assumption that the lower classes will rise up once the weakness of the upper classes is exposed.
Western perspectives on terrorism committed by groups claiming adherence to Communist ideology
Terrorism in the form of 'communist fighting organizations' which operated in western Europe was seen as a threat by NATO and also by the Italian, German and British governments. In recent years, there has been a marked decrease in such terrorism, which has been substantially credited to the end of the Cold War and the fall of the U.S.S.R. However, at its apogee, communism was argued by some to be the major source of international terrorism (whether inspired by the ideology or supported by its states).
See also
Further reading
- Deletant, Dennis (1999) Communist Terror in Romania, C. Hurst & Co, ISBN 1850653860
- Adelman, Jonathan (1984) Terror and Communist Politics: The Role of the Secret Police in Communist States, Westview Press, ISBN 0865312931
- Evgeni Genchev (2003) Tales from the Dark: Testimonies about the Communist Terror, ACET 2003, ISBN 9549320014
References
- Martin, Gus (2009). Understanding Terrorism: Challenges, Perspectives, and Issues. SAGE. p. 44. ISBN 9781412970594.
{{cite book}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter:|coauthors=(help) - Alexander, Yonah; Pluchinsky, Dennis A. (1October 1992). Europe's red terrorists: the fighting communist organizations (1st ed.). Routledge. p. 183. ISBN 978-0714634883.
{{cite book}}: Check date values in:|date=(help) - Martin, pages 223-4
- Paoletti, Ciro (30 December 2007). A military history of Italy. Praeger Publishers. ISBN 978-0275985059.
- Wills, David C., The first war on terrorism: counter-terrorism policy during the Reagan administration, p. 219, Rowman & Littlefield, 2003
- Crozier, Brian, Political victory: the elusive prize of military wars, p. 203, Transaction Publishers, 2005