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'''Miracle Mineral Supplement''', often referred to as '''Miracle Mineral Solution''' or '''MMS''', is the colloquial product name for an alternative health therapy comprised of an aqueous solution of 28% ] in ]. When mixed with a ] solution, ] is produced. The name was first coined by author, Jim Humble, in his 2006 self-published book, ''The Miracle Mineral Solution of the 21st Century''.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.miraclemineral.org/part1.php |title=Miracle Mineral |publisher=Miracle Mineral |date= |accessdate=2010-04-07}}</ref> '''Miracle Mineral Supplement''', often referred to as '''Miracle Mineral Solution''' or '''MMS''', is the colloquial product name for a ]; MMS is an aqueous solution of 28% ], a ] chemical<ref>Goldfrank's Toxicologic Emergencies, McGraw-Hill Professional; 8th edition (March 28, 2006), ISBN 978-0071437639</ref><ref>http://www.poisoncentre.be/article.php?id_article=39</ref><ref>Clinical Toxicology of Commercial Products. Robert E. Gosselin, Roger P. Smith, Harold C. Hodge, Jeannet Braddock. Uitgever: Williams & Wilkins; 5 edition (September 1984) ISBN 978-0683036329</ref><ref>Sodium Chlorite - Summary Report of the European Agency for the Evaluation of Medicinal Products - Veterinary Medicines Evaluation Unit </ref><ref>http://www.hc-sc.gc.ca/ahc-asc/media/advisories-avis/_2010/2010_74-eng.php</ref> known to cause fatal ]<ref>Acute sodium chlorite poisoning associated with ]. Lin JL, Lim PS. Ren Fail. 1993;15(5):645-8. PMID: 8290712</ref>, in ]. When prepared with a citric acid solution as described in its instructions for preparation, the mixture produces ], a potent ] used in water treatment and in bleaching.<ref name="fda.gov">{{cite web|url=http://www.fda.gov/NewsEvents/Newsroom/PressAnnouncements/ucm220747.htm |title=FDA Warns Consumers of Serious Harm from Drinking Miracle Mineral Solution (MMS) |publisher=] | accessdate=2010-07-30}}</ref> The name was first coined by author, Jim Humble, in his 2006 self-published book, ''The Miracle Mineral Solution of the 21st Century''.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.miraclemineral.org/part1.php |title=Miracle Mineral |publisher=Miracle Mineral |date= |accessdate=2010-04-07}}</ref>


], generated by mixing MMS (sodium chlorite) with ], is promoted as a ] of air and water-borne ]s as well as a remedy for pathogen-caused diseases including ], ]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.malariainitiative.com/ |title=Malaria Initiative |publisher=Malaria Initiative |date= |accessdate=2010-01-13}}</ref>, ], the ] ], ]s, and ]. However, claims of benefit come primarily from anecdotal reports, Jim Humble's book,<ref></ref> and research conducted by Thomas Lee Hesselink, MD<ref >{{cite web |title=Oxides Of Chlorine As Therapeutic Agents by Thomas Lee Hesslelink, MD |url=http://www.bioredox.mysite.com/CLOXhtml/CLOXhome.htm |publisher=Thomas Lee Hesselink, MD |accessdate=2011-01-13}}</ref> and Susan Busse, MD. MMS is promoted as a remedy against ], ], ], the ] ], ]s, ], against ], and much more. However reliable scientific evidence supports only dangers from use of the substance and not any clinical efficacy; claims of benefit come only from anecdotal reports and Jim Humble's book.<ref></ref><ref name="calligeros1">{{cite news|url=http://www.brisbanetimes.com.au/queensland/backyard-cancer-healer-deceived-patients-20090423-agcy.html|title=Backyard cancer 'healer' deceived patients|last=Calligeros|first=Marissa|date=24 April 2009|publisher=The Brisbine Times|accessdate=28 December 2009}}</ref> ] M.D. an expert in health fraud, advises to "''Be skeptical of any product claimed to be effective against a wide range of unrelated diseases—particularly diseases that are serious. There is no such thing as a panacea or "cure-all."'' "<ref name="Barrett">{{cite web|url=http://www.quackwatch.org/01QuackeryRelatedTopics/avoid.html|title=Ten Ways to Avoid Being Quacked|last=Barrett|first=Stephen|date=2 April 1997.}}</ref>


==Consumer Safety Warnings== ==Safety==
A notice was released in July 2010 by the ] warning that the instructions for preparing the solution by mixing it with an acidic solution, or even orange juice, would produce ], "a potent bleach used for stripping textiles and industrial water treatment." Citing reports consisting of nausea, vomiting, and ] caused by dehydration, the FDA advised consumers to dispose of the product immediately. As of January 2011, no actual reports have been released to the public. A notice was released in July 2010 by the ] warning that the instructions for preparing the solution by mixing it with an acidic solution, or even orange juice, would produce ], "a potent bleach used for stripping textiles and industrial water treatment." Because of reports including nausea, vomiting, and dangerously ] as a result of dehydration following instructed use, the FDA has advised consumers to dispose of the product immediately.<ref name="fda.gov" />


In the UK, the ] also released a warning, following the warnings from ] and the U.S. Food and Drug Administration, in it they stated that "MMS is a 28% sodium chlorite solution which is equivalent to industrial-strength bleach.<ref >{{Cite news In the UK, the ] also released a warning, following the warnings from ] and the U.S. Food and Drug Administration, in it they stated that "MMS is a 28% sodium chlorite solution which is equivalent to industrial-strength bleach.<ref >{{Cite news
Line 11: Line 11:
|publisher=] |publisher=]
|date=15 October 2010 |date=15 October 2010
}}</ref> When taken as directed it could cause severe ], vomiting and ], potentially leading to ] and ]. If the solution is diluted less than instructed, it could cause damage to the gut and red blood cells, potentially resulting in ]."<ref >{{cite web }}</ref> When taken as directed it could cause severe ], vomiting and ], potentially leading to ] and ]. If the solution is diluted less than instructed, it could cause damage to the gut and red blood cells, potentially resulting in ]."<ref >{{cite web
|author=Food Standards Agency |author=Food Standards Agency
|url=http://www.food.gov.uk/news/newsarchive/2010/sep/mms |url=http://www.food.gov.uk/news/newsarchive/2010/sep/mms
Line 17: Line 17:
}}</ref><ref >http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/health-11404218</ref> }}</ref><ref >http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/health-11404218</ref>


⚫ MMS is not approved for the treatment of any disease and chronic exposure to small doses of chlorine dioxide could cause reproductive and neurodevelopmental damage, according to the EPA.<ref >{{cite web
==Studies==
The ] and the ] published a study from 1982 entitled ''Controlled Clinical Evaluations of Chlorine Dioxide, Chlorite and Chlorate in Man'', which summarizes: ''...by the absence of detrimental physiological responses within the limits of study, the relative safety of oral ingestion of chlorine dioxide and its metabolites, chlorite and chlorate, was demonstrated.''<ref name=nih >{{cite web
|url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1569027/pdf/envhper00463-0059.pdf
|title=Controlled Clinical Evaluations of Chlorine Dioxide, Chlorite and Chlorate in Man |publisher=nih.gov
|accessdate=2011-01-13
}}</ref>

⚫ However, chronic exposure to small doses of chlorine dioxide could cause reproductive and neurodevelopmental damage, according to the EPA.<ref >{{cite web
|url=http://www.epa.gov/iris/subst/0648.htm |url=http://www.epa.gov/iris/subst/0648.htm
|title=Chlorite (sodium salt) (CASRN 7758-19-2) &#124; IRIS &#124; US EPA |title=Chlorite (sodium salt) (CASRN 7758-19-2) &#124; IRIS &#124; US EPA
|publisher=Epa.gov |publisher=Epa.gov
|accessdate=2010-04-07 |accessdate=2010-04-07
}}</ref> A short term study found no effects in hematological or urine chemistry or in physical symptoms in human volunteers over a period of 84 days.<ref >{{cite web }}</ref> A short term study found no effects in hematological or urine chemistry or in physical symptoms in human volunteers over a period of 84 days.<ref >{{cite web
|url=http://www.epa.gov/NCEA/iris/subst/0496.htm |url=http://www.epa.gov/NCEA/iris/subst/0496.htm
|title=Chlorine dioxide (CASRN 10049-04-4) &#124; IRIS &#124; US EPA |title=Chlorine dioxide (CASRN 10049-04-4) &#124; IRIS &#124; US EPA
Line 50: Line 43:
|accessdate=2010-04-07 |accessdate=2010-04-07
}}</ref> According to the same organisation "chlorine dioxide is a severe respiratory and eye irritant in humans".<ref name=osha/> }}</ref> According to the same organisation "chlorine dioxide is a severe respiratory and eye irritant in humans".<ref name=osha/>

==Effects==
The principal reported effect of MMS is nausea, which is claimed by the promoters to be the body trying to rid itself of the "toxins" which MMS purportedly releases; in fact, nausea and vomiting are documented symptoms of chlorine dioxide poisoning.


==References== ==References==
{{Reflist|2}} {{Reflist|2}}

==External links== ==External links==
⚫ *
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⚫ *


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Revision as of 10:11, 13 January 2011

Miracle Mineral Supplement, often referred to as Miracle Mineral Solution or MMS, is the colloquial product name for a fraudulent alternative therapy; MMS is an aqueous solution of 28% sodium chlorite, a toxic chemical known to cause fatal renal failure, in distilled water. When prepared with a citric acid solution as described in its instructions for preparation, the mixture produces chlorine dioxide, a potent oxidizing agent used in water treatment and in bleaching. The name was first coined by author, Jim Humble, in his 2006 self-published book, The Miracle Mineral Solution of the 21st Century.

MMS is promoted as a remedy against HIV, malaria, hepatitis viruses, the H1N1 flu virus, common colds, acne, against cancer, and much more. However reliable scientific evidence supports only dangers from use of the substance and not any clinical efficacy; claims of benefit come only from anecdotal reports and Jim Humble's book. Stephen Barrett M.D. an expert in health fraud, advises to "Be skeptical of any product claimed to be effective against a wide range of unrelated diseases—particularly diseases that are serious. There is no such thing as a panacea or "cure-all." "

Safety

A notice was released in July 2010 by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration warning that the instructions for preparing the solution by mixing it with an acidic solution, or even orange juice, would produce chlorine dioxide, "a potent bleach used for stripping textiles and industrial water treatment." Because of reports including nausea, vomiting, and dangerously low blood pressure as a result of dehydration following instructed use, the FDA has advised consumers to dispose of the product immediately.

In the UK, the Food Standards Agency also released a warning, following the warnings from Health Canada and the U.S. Food and Drug Administration, in it they stated that "MMS is a 28% sodium chlorite solution which is equivalent to industrial-strength bleach. When taken as directed it could cause severe nausea, vomiting and diarrhoea, potentially leading to dehydration and reduced blood pressure. If the solution is diluted less than instructed, it could cause damage to the gut and red blood cells, potentially resulting in respiratory failure."

MMS is not approved for the treatment of any disease and chronic exposure to small doses of chlorine dioxide could cause reproductive and neurodevelopmental damage, according to the EPA. A short term study found no effects in hematological or urine chemistry or in physical symptoms in human volunteers over a period of 84 days. While studies of chlorine dioxide effects in humans are rare, studies on animal subjects are more common; chlorine dioxide has been shown to impair thyroid function and reduce T4 cell count in monkeys after 6 months. Another study in rats resulted in reduced red blood cells count when exposed to 100 mg/L of Chlorine Dioxide concentration in their drinking water, after 3 months. The United States Department of Labour restricts occupational exposure through inhalation of chlorine dioxide to 0.1ppm since concentrations at 10ppm resulted in deaths in rats, after 10 days while a case where a worker was accidentally exposed to 19ppm resulted in death. According to the same organisation "chlorine dioxide is a severe respiratory and eye irritant in humans".

Effects

The principal reported effect of MMS is nausea, which is claimed by the promoters to be the body trying to rid itself of the "toxins" which MMS purportedly releases; in fact, nausea and vomiting are documented symptoms of chlorine dioxide poisoning.

References

  1. Goldfrank's Toxicologic Emergencies, McGraw-Hill Professional; 8th edition (March 28, 2006), ISBN 978-0071437639
  2. http://www.poisoncentre.be/article.php?id_article=39
  3. Clinical Toxicology of Commercial Products. Robert E. Gosselin, Roger P. Smith, Harold C. Hodge, Jeannet Braddock. Uitgever: Williams & Wilkins; 5 edition (September 1984) ISBN 978-0683036329
  4. Sodium Chlorite - Summary Report of the European Agency for the Evaluation of Medicinal Products - Veterinary Medicines Evaluation Unit
  5. http://www.hc-sc.gc.ca/ahc-asc/media/advisories-avis/_2010/2010_74-eng.php
  6. Acute sodium chlorite poisoning associated with renal failure. Lin JL, Lim PS. Ren Fail. 1993;15(5):645-8. PMID: 8290712
  7. ^ "FDA Warns Consumers of Serious Harm from Drinking Miracle Mineral Solution (MMS)". U.S. Food and Drug Administration. Retrieved 2010-07-30.
  8. "Miracle Mineral". Miracle Mineral. Retrieved 2010-04-07.
  9. F.D.A. Warning letter
  10. Calligeros, Marissa (24 April 2009). "Backyard cancer 'healer' deceived patients". The Brisbine Times. Retrieved 28 December 2009.
  11. Barrett, Stephen (2 April 1997.). "Ten Ways to Avoid Being Quacked". {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  12. "Praise for Rhys Morgan, 15, over 'miracle' cure alert". BBC News Online. 15 October 2010.
  13. Food Standards Agency. "Warning against consumption of Miracle Mineral Solution".
  14. http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/health-11404218
  15. "Chlorite (sodium salt) (CASRN 7758-19-2) | IRIS | US EPA". Epa.gov. Retrieved 2010-04-07.
  16. "Chlorine dioxide (CASRN 10049-04-4) | IRIS | US EPA". Epa.gov. Retrieved 2010-04-07.
  17. "Subchronic toxicity of chlorine dioxide and related compounds in drinking water in the nonhuman primate". Ncbi.nlm.nih.gov. 2010-02-25. Retrieved 2010-04-07.
  18. "Toxicity of Chlorine Dioxide in Drinking Water - International Journal of Toxicology". Informaworld.com. Retrieved 2010-04-07.
  19. ^ "Chlorine Dioxide". Osha.gov. Retrieved 2010-04-07.

External links

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