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The Outsiders
Theatrical release poster
Directed by	Francis Ford Coppola
Screenplay by	Kathleen Rowell
Produced by	Gray Frederickson Fred Roos
Starring	C. Thomas Howell Matt Dillon Ralph Macchio Patrick Swayze Rob Lowe Diane Lane Emilio Estevez Tom Cruise Leif Garrett
Cinematography	Stephen H. Burum
Edited by	Rob Bonz Anne Goursaud Melissa Kent Roy Waldspurger
Music by	Carmine Coppola
Production company	Zoetrope Studios
Distributed by	Warner Bros. Pictures
Release date	March 25, 1983 (1983-03-25)
Running time	91 minutes
Country	Template:Film US
Language	English
Budget	$10 million
Box office	$25,697,647

The Outsiders is a 1983 American drama film directed by Francis Ford Coppola, an adaptation of the 1967 novel of the same name by S. E. Hinton. The film was released in March 1983. Jo Ellen Misakian, a librarian at Lone Star Elementary School in Fresno, California, and her students were responsible for inspiring Coppola to make the film.

The Outsiders is noted for its cast of up-and-coming stars, including C. Thomas Howell, who garnered a Young Artist Award, Rob Lowe, Emilio Estevez, Matt Dillon, Tom Cruise, Patrick Swayze, Ralph Macchio, and Diane Lane. The film helped spark the Brat Pack genre of the 1980s. Both Lane and Dillon went on to appear in Coppola's related film Rumble Fish.

Plot

Set during the 1960s, the story concerns the Greasers, a teenage street gang in Tulsa, Oklahoma, whose members include Darrell (Swayze) and his two younger brothers, Sodapop (Lowe) and Ponyboy (Howell), as well as Johnny (Macchio), Dallas (Dillon), Two-Bit (Estevez) and Steve (Cruise), and their fateful rivalry with the Socials, or Socs, a gang of preppier, wealthier kids. The plot develops through a series of confrontations. Five Socs jump Ponyboy and cut his neck with a switchblade; Johnny had been attacked similarly a month earlier. Later Bob (Leif Garrett) and Randy (Darren Dalton), two members of the Socs, confront Johnny, Ponyboy, and Two-Bit, who have befriended two Soc girls, Cherry (Lane) and Marcia (Michelle Meyrink), at a drive-in movie. The girls defuse the situation by going home with the Soc boys. However, later, Ponyboy and Johnny are attacked in a park by Bob, Randy, and two other Socs; Bob is stabbed and killed by Johnny while trying to drown Ponyboy.

Ponyboy and Johnny, with advice and supplies from Dally, hide out in an abandoned church in a nearby town. At the church, Ponyboy reads Gone with the Wind and quotes the Robert Frost poem "Nothing Gold Can Stay". After Dallas arrives with news that Cherry has offered to support the boys in court, the church accidentally catches fire with some children trapped inside, and Johnny is hospitalized with severe burns and a broken back after he, Ponyboy, and Dallas rescue the children. The boys are praised for their heroism, but Johnny is charged with manslaughter for killing Bob, while Ponyboy and his brother Soda are threatened with reform school.

Meanwhile, Bob's death has sparked calls from the Socials for a "rumble". The Greasers win, and Dallas drives Ponyboy to the hospital, where the boys visit Johnny. Having lost interest in fighting, Johnny is unimpressed by the victory. He dies after telling Ponyboy to "stay gold", referring to the Frost poem. Unable to bear Johnny's death, Dallas robs a magazine store at gunpoint and is shot by police.

Sometime later, Ponyboy is cleared of wrongdoing in Bob's death and allowed to stay with his brothers. Turning the pages of Johnny's copy of Gone with the Wind, Ponyboy finds a letter from Johnny saying that saving the children was worth sacrificing his own life. As the film ends, Ponyboy is writing a school report about his recent experiences.

Cast

Greasers

• C. Thomas Howell as Ponyboy Curtis
• Ralph Macchio as Johnny Cade
• Matt Dillon as Dallas "Dally" Winston
• Rob Lowe as Sodapop "Soda" Curtis
• Patrick Swayze as Darrell "Darry" Curtis
• Emilio Estevez as Keith "Two-Bit" Mathews
• Tom Cruise as Steve Randle
• Glenn Withrow as Tim Shepard

Socs

• Diane Lane as Sherry "Cherry" Valance
• Leif Garrett as Bob Sheldon
• Darren Dalton as Randy Adderson
• Michelle Meyrink as Marcia

Others

• Tom Waits as Buck Merrill
• Gailard Sartain as Jerry Wood
• S. E. Hinton as Nurse 2

Production

Francis Ford Coppola had not intended to make a film about teen angst until a middle-school students from Lone Star Elementary School in Fresno, California, great fans of The Godfather, wrote to him about adapting The Outsiders. When Coppola read the book, he was moved not only to adapt and direct "The Outsiders", but to follow it the next year with by adapting another S.E. Hinton novel, Rumble Fish. The latter film's cast included Matt Dillon, Diane Lane, and Glenn Withrow from "The Outsiders".

In order to create tension among the actors playing the rival gangs, Coppola is said to have devised a scheme, whereby those cast as Socs were given luxury hotel accomodations and leather-bound scripts, while the Greaser cast was relegated to the hotel's ground floor and received tattered scripts. The cast played pranks on each other and the hotel staff during the shoot. Years later, Tom Cruise met someone who worked at the hotel, and when he realized it was the same hotel where he and the rest of the cast had stayed, his first words were, "I'm sorry." Coppola went to arbitration unsuccessfully for the writing credits of this film.

Two-Bit's fascination with Mickey Mouse, as shown in a later scene in the film, was thought up by Emilio Estevez, who approached the character as a "laid-back, easy-going guy". This could also be a reference to a deleted scene (not included on the DVD) where Ponyboy tells Cherry about Sodapop's love for a horse named Mickey Mouse. The scene was also intended to highlight that Sodapop's having already suffered some heartbreak before his girlfriend leaves him, as well as the brothers' own sense of loss, but Coppola cut it because he felt it slowed the film's pace down. A scene where Dallas falls out of his seat at the drive-in was unplanned.

The film was shot on location in Tulsa, Oklahoma. Coppola filmed The Outsiders and Rumble Fish back-to-back in 1982. He wrote the screenplay for the latter while on days off from shooting the former. Many of the same locations were used in both films, as were many of the same cast and crew members. The credits are shown at the beginning of the film in the style normally found in a published play.

Coppola went to arbitration unsuccessfully for the writing credits of this film.

Coppola's craving for realism almost led to disaster during the church-burning scene. He pressed for "more fire", and the small, controlled blaze accidentally triggered a much larger, uncontrolled, fire, which a downpour fortunately doused.

Critical reception

The film was met with generally mixed to positive reviews from critics and audiences. Rotten Tomatoes gives The Outsiders a certified 65 percent "Fresh" rating on its site. One recent book said that the film's realistic portrayal of poor teenagers from the wrong side of the tracks "created a new kind of filmmaking".

Awards and nominations

The Outsiders was nominated for four Young Artist Awards, given annually since 1978 by the Young Artist Foundation. C. Thomas Howell won for "Best Young Motion Picture Actor in a Feature Film". Diane Lane was nominated for "Best Young Supporting Actress in a Motion Picture". The film was nominated for "Best Family Feature Motion Picture". Francis Ford Coppola was nominated for a Golden prize.

"The Complete Novel" re-release

In September 2005, Coppola re-released the film on DVD, including 22 minutes of additional footage and new music, as The Outsiders: The Complete Novel. Coppola re-inserted some deleted scenes to make the film more faithful to the book. In the beginning of the film, he added scenes where Ponyboy gets jumped, the gang talks about going to the movies, and Dally, Pony and Johnny bum around before going to the movies. In the end, Coppola added the scenes in court, Mr. Syme talking to Ponyboy, and Sodapop, Ponyboy and Darry in the park. Also, much of the original score was replaced with music popular in the 1960s. The film was re-rated by the MPAA PG-13 for Violence, Teen Drinking and Smoking and Some Sexual Refrences. The director also removed several scenes in order to improve pacing, but they could be found on the second disc as additional scenes. In addition, Patrick Swayze, Ralph Macchio, Diane Lane, and C. Thomas Howell gathered at Coppola's estate to watch the re-release, and their commentary is included on the DVD. Matt Dillon and Rob Lowe provided separate commentary.

Music

The original film score was composed by the director's father, Carmine Coppola; the main theme, "Stay Gold", was sung by Stevie Wonder. The original soundtrack included one rock song, "Gloria", by Them.

The re-release of the film removed much of Coppola's score, replacing it with songs from the 1950s and 1960s, including:

• "Real Wild Child" - Jerry Lee Lewis
• "Gloria" - Them
• "Out of Limits" - The Marketts
• "Tomorrow is a Long Time" - Elvis Presley
• "Mystery Train" - Elvis
• "We're Gonna Move" - Elvis
• "Lend Me Your Comb" - Carl Perkins
• "Milky White Way" - Elvis
• "Teen Beat" - The Ventures
• "Stay Gold" - Stevie Wonder

References

1. ZOETROPE.COM
2. "The Outsiders" film, shot in Tulsa, page 1 from tulsatvmemories.com
3. G. Phillips, Godfather: the intimate Coppola, p. 208
4. Hirshenson, A Star is Born, p.86

External links

• Official website
• The Outsiders at IMDb
• Template:Allmovie title
• The Outsiders at Box Office Mojo
• The Outsiders at Rotten Tomatoes
• Coppola Pays a Return Visit to His 'Gone With the Wind' for Teenagers, a New York Times review of the 2005 version
• S.E. Hinton's Website

• 1983 films
• American films
• English-language films
• 1980s drama films
• American coming-of-age films
• American teen drama films
• American Zoetrope films
• Films based on novels
• Films directed by Francis Ford Coppola
• Films set in Oklahoma
• Films set in the 1960s
• Films shot anamorphically
• Films shot in Oklahoma
• Gang films
• Warner Bros. films