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| She and her husband ] (]) to flee the persecution against Muslims by the Meccans. She gave birth to her daughter, ], in Abyssinia. | She and her husband ] (]) to flee the persecution against Muslims by the Meccans. She gave birth to her daughter, ], in Abyssinia. | ||
| Later in Abyssinia her husband converted back to his previous religion, ], the religion of the ]s. He tried to persuade her to do the same, but she held on to ]. Her husband gave up the Muslim rules, |
Later in Abyssinia her husband converted back to his previous religion, ], the religion of the ]s. He tried to persuade her to do the same, but she held on to ]. Her husband gave up the Muslim rules, and started drinking, which led to their divorce. She continued to live in Abyssinia with her daughter. Her ex-husband died in Abyssinia. | ||
| ==Marriage to Muhammad== | ==Marriage to Muhammad== | ||
Revision as of 03:23, 27 February 2006
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Ramlah bint Abu Sufyan, رملة بنت أبي سفيان, aka Umm Habiba, أم حبيبة, was the daughter of Abu Sufyan.
Early life
She was the daughter of Hind bint Utbah and Abu Sufyan ibn Harb, the leader of Quraish and the most powerful enemy of Muhammad for most of his life. Her brother was Muawiyah I. She was the aunt of Uthman.
Marriage with Ubayd-Allah ibn Jahsh
Her first husband, Ubayd-Allah ibn Jahsh, was among the first people to accept Islam. He was the brother of Zaynab bint Jahsh, whom Muhammad married at some point.
Emigration to Abyssinia
She and her husband emigrated to Abyssinia (Ethiopia) to flee the persecution against Muslims by the Meccans. She gave birth to her daughter, Habibah bint Ubayd-Allah, in Abyssinia.
Later in Abyssinia her husband converted back to his previous religion, Christianity, the religion of the Abyssinians. He tried to persuade her to do the same, but she held on to Islam. Her husband gave up the Muslim rules, and started drinking, which led to their divorce. She continued to live in Abyssinia with her daughter. Her ex-husband died in Abyssinia.
Marriage to Muhammad
Muhammad had learned about what had happened to her and decided to propose to her, and she happily accepted it. Muhammad married her and afforded protection to her, although the hope of any change in Abu Sufyan's attitude did not materialize. The marriage ceremony took place in Abyssinia even though Muhammad was not present.
She was married to prophet Muhammad one year after the Hijra. Though she didn't live with him until six years later when Muhammad was sixty years old and she was thirty-five.
Khalid ibn Said was chosen by her to act as her legal guardian at the marriage ceremony. The Negus read out the Khutba himself, and Khalid ibn Said also made a speech in reply. On behalf of Muhammad, the Negus offered a dowry of four hundred dinars to Khalid. The Negus also gave a huge wedding feast on behalf of Muhammad.
Return to Medina
The Negus made arrangements to send her to Medina by boat. Shurahil ibn Hasana accompanied Umm Habibah in her journey. She was able to return to Medina six years after the marriage ceremony.
She died in the year 662 or 666 (40 or 44 A.H), during the Caliphate of her brother, Muawiyah ibn Abu Sufyan and was buried in the Jannat al-Baqi cemetery next to all the wives of Muhammad.
Legacy
Muslim sources consider her a very charitable and virtuous woman with great courage. There are about sixty-five Hadith which are said to have been narrated by her. The Bukhari and Muslim agreed on two of them.