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'''Hebephilia''' refers to the sexual preference for individuals in the early years of ] (generally ages 11–14, though puberty may vary). It differs from ], which refers to the sexual preference for individuals in later ],<ref>Krafft-Ebing, R., & Moll, A. (1924). ''Psychopathia sexualis.'' Stuttgart: Ferdinand Enke.</ref> and from ], which refers to the sexual preference for prepubescent children.<ref>Krafft-Ebing, R. von. (1886). ''Psychopathia sexualis: A medico-forensic study'' (1965 trans by H. E. Wedeck). New York: G. P. Putnam’s Sons.</ref> While individuals with a sexual preference for adults (i.e., '']s'') may have some sexual interest in pubescent-aged individuals,<ref>Freund, K., Langevin, R., Cibiri, S., & Zajac, Y. (1973). Heterosexual aversion in homosexual males. ''British Journal of Psychiatry, 122,'' 163-169.</ref> the term hebephilia is reserved for those who ''prefer'' pubescent-aged individuals over adults. The term was introduced by Glueck (1955),<ref>Glueck, B. C., Jr. (1955). ''Final report: Research project for the study and treatment of persons convicted of crimes involving sexual aberrations. June 1952 to June 1955.'' New York: New York State Department of Mental Hygiene.</ref> who later credited it, without citation, to Paul Benedict.<ref>Hammer, E. F., & Glueck, B. C. (1957). Psychodynamic factors in sex offenders: A four-factor theory. ''Psychiatric Quarterly, 31,'' 325–345.</ref> '''Hebephilia''' refers to the sexual preference for individuals in the early years of ] (generally ages 11–15, though puberty may vary). It differs from ], which refers to the sexual preference for individuals in later ],<ref>Krafft-Ebing, R., & Moll, A. (1924). ''Psychopathia sexualis.'' Stuttgart: Ferdinand Enke.</ref> and from ], which refers to the sexual preference for prepubescent children.<ref>Krafft-Ebing, R. von. (1886). ''Psychopathia sexualis: A medico-forensic study'' (1965 trans by H. E. Wedeck). New York: G. P. Putnam’s Sons.</ref> While individuals with a sexual preference for adults (i.e., '']s'') may have some sexual interest in pubescent-aged individuals,<ref>Freund, K., Langevin, R., Cibiri, S., & Zajac, Y. (1973). Heterosexual aversion in homosexual males. ''British Journal of Psychiatry, 122,'' 163-169.</ref> the term hebephilia is reserved for those who ''prefer'' pubescent-aged individuals over adults. The term was introduced by Glueck (1955),<ref>Glueck, B. C., Jr. (1955). ''Final report: Research project for the study and treatment of persons convicted of crimes involving sexual aberrations. June 1952 to June 1955.'' New York: New York State Department of Mental Hygiene.</ref> who later credited it, without citation, to Paul Benedict.<ref>Hammer, E. F., & Glueck, B. C. (1957). Psychodynamic factors in sex offenders: A four-factor theory. ''Psychiatric Quarterly, 31,'' 325–345.</ref>


Debate is ongoing over whether hebephilia is a ], with ] and a number of his colleagues from ] arguing for its inclusion in the ].<ref name=blanchard/> The proposal has been criticized by ],<ref name=green/> ] (] editor),<ref name=cpn/> ],<ref name="franklin"/> ],<ref name=moser/> ],<ref name=Donohue/> and other mental health professionals on ]. The current draft of the DSM-5, on which Blanchard serves as as Chair of the Paraphilias Sub-Work Group,<ref>Alice Dreger (19 Feb 2010) , ]</ref> includes Blanchard's proposal.<ref name=dsm5/> Debate is ongoing over whether hebephilia is a ], with ] and a number of his colleagues from ] arguing for its inclusion in the ].<ref name=blanchard/> The proposal has been criticized by ],<ref name=green/> ] (] editor),<ref name=cpn/> ],<ref name="franklin"/> ],<ref name=moser/> ],<ref name=Donohue/> and other mental health professionals on ]. The current draft of the DSM-5, on which Blanchard serves as as Chair of the Paraphilias Sub-Work Group,<ref>Alice Dreger (19 Feb 2010) , ]</ref> includes Blanchard's proposal.<ref name=dsm5/>

Revision as of 06:07, 19 February 2011

Hebephilia refers to the sexual preference for individuals in the early years of puberty (generally ages 11–15, though puberty may vary). It differs from ephebophilia, which refers to the sexual preference for individuals in later adolescence, and from pedophilia, which refers to the sexual preference for prepubescent children. While individuals with a sexual preference for adults (i.e., teleiophiles) may have some sexual interest in pubescent-aged individuals, the term hebephilia is reserved for those who prefer pubescent-aged individuals over adults. The term was introduced by Glueck (1955), who later credited it, without citation, to Paul Benedict.

Debate is ongoing over whether hebephilia is a mental disorder, with Ray Blanchard and a number of his colleagues from CAMH arguing for its inclusion in the DSM-5. The proposal has been criticized by Richard Green, Michael First (DSM-IV editor), Karen Franklin, Charles Allen Moser, William O'Donohue, and other mental health professionals on various grounds. The current draft of the DSM-5, on which Blanchard serves as as Chair of the Paraphilias Sub-Work Group, includes Blanchard's proposal.

Etiology

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As with sexual preference in general, it is not known what causes someone to be sexually interested in pubescents rather than in adult individuals. A number of biological associations have been studied however. A team from CAMH has published a series of research articles comparing biologically relevant characteristics of clinical samples of pedophiles, hebephiles, and teleiophiles (individuals with a sexual preference for adults). In such samples, hebephilic men are midway between pedophilic men and teleiophilic men on average IQ, memory test scores, and rates of school grade failures over and above the IQ differences, with pedophiles scoring the lowest on the first two measures and highest on the third. Hebephiles score midway between pedophiles and teleiophiles in rates of non-right-handedness, rates of having suffered childhood head injuries, and physical height.

Prevalence of hebephilia versus pedophilia

There are clinical and correctional samples of sexual offenders in which hebephilic men outnumber the pedophilic men. Moreover, anonymous surveys of people sexually interested in children more frequently report an erotic interest in pubescents rather than in prepubescents.

DSM-5

In 2008, Ray Blanchard was the lead author of an influential paper proposing the introduction of hebephilia in the DSM-5. The paper, coauthored mostly with colleagues from CAMH and the University of Toronto, triggered a number of reactions, many of them critical on the basis that it pathologizes reproductively valid behavior in order to uphold current social and legal standards. Critics include Richard Green, Michael First (DSM-IV editor), Karen Franklin, and Charles Allen Moser, while others like William O'Donohue argue that the proposal does not go far enough. Clinical psychologist Joseph J. Plaud criticized Blanchard's study for lacking a control group of "normal" men, and other methodological issues, leading him to conclude that "The data do not support the conclusions reached in this article, especially the inclusion of a significant change to the DSM-V". Blanchard replied to these concerns. Franklin maintains a list of publications discussing the new diagnosis.

The proposed DSM-5 replacement for the pedophilia diagnosis, called pedohebophilic disorder, largely reflects the proposal of Blanchard and his colleagues. The naming of the new disorder also reflects the more general distinction proposed between paraphilia and paraphilic disorder in DSM-5.

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Legality and morality of hebephilic actions

Main article: Age of consent
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The legality of hebephilic actions is a complex issue. In the majority of countries, sexual activity with pubescent minors is illegal. However, there are a wide variety of countries, such as Germany, Bangladesh, Angola, and South Korea, where the age of consent for sexual intercourse is 14 or lower. Depending on the age of the onset of puberty, this can make some instances of hebephilic actions legal in some countries. However, many of these countries have laws, such as estupro clauses common in Central America and South America, where persons under the age of 18 have additional legal protections to prevent exploitation by adults, but may still consent to sex in most circumstances. Additionally, in some countries, cases of hebephilic actions have been prosecuted under child corruption laws.

See also

References

  1. Krafft-Ebing, R., & Moll, A. (1924). Psychopathia sexualis. Stuttgart: Ferdinand Enke.
  2. Krafft-Ebing, R. von. (1886). Psychopathia sexualis: A medico-forensic study (1965 trans by H. E. Wedeck). New York: G. P. Putnam’s Sons.
  3. Freund, K., Langevin, R., Cibiri, S., & Zajac, Y. (1973). Heterosexual aversion in homosexual males. British Journal of Psychiatry, 122, 163-169.
  4. Glueck, B. C., Jr. (1955). Final report: Research project for the study and treatment of persons convicted of crimes involving sexual aberrations. June 1952 to June 1955. New York: New York State Department of Mental Hygiene.
  5. Hammer, E. F., & Glueck, B. C. (1957). Psychodynamic factors in sex offenders: A four-factor theory. Psychiatric Quarterly, 31, 325–345.
  6. ^ Attention: This template ({{cite doi}}) is deprecated. To cite the publication identified by doi:10.1007/s10508-008-9399-9, please use {{cite journal}} (if it was published in a bona fide academic journal, otherwise {{cite report}} with |doi=10.1007/s10508-008-9399-9 instead.
  7. ^ Attention: This template ({{cite doi}}) is deprecated. To cite the publication identified by doi:10.1007/s10508-010-9602-7, please use {{cite journal}} (if it was published in a bona fide academic journal, otherwise {{cite report}} with |doi=10.1007/s10508-010-9602-7 instead.
  8. ^ Joyce Frieden (Dec 1, 2009) DSM-V work on paraphilias begins in earnest, Clinical Psychiatry News, Elsevier
  9. ^ Attention: This template ({{cite doi}}) is deprecated. To cite the publication identified by doi:10.1002/bsl.934, please use {{cite journal}} (if it was published in a bona fide academic journal, otherwise {{cite report}} with |doi=10.1002/bsl.934 instead.
  10. ^ Attention: This template ({{cite doi}}) is deprecated. To cite the publication identified by doi:10.1007/s10508-008-9436-8, please use {{cite journal}} (if it was published in a bona fide academic journal, otherwise {{cite report}} with |doi=10.1007/s10508-008-9436-8 instead.
  11. ^ Attention: This template ({{cite doi}}) is deprecated. To cite the publication identified by doi:10.1007/s10508-010-9604-5, please use {{cite journal}} (if it was published in a bona fide academic journal, otherwise {{cite report}} with |doi=10.1007/s10508-010-9604-5 instead.
  12. Alice Dreger (19 Feb 2010) Of Kinks, Crimes, and Kinds: The Paraphilias Proposal for the DSM-5, Hastings Center
  13. ^ http://www.dsm5.org/ProposedRevisions/Pages/proposedrevision.aspx?rid=186
  14. ^ Cantor, J. M., Blanchard, R., Christensen, B. K., Dickey, R., Klassen, P. E., Beckstead, A. L., et al. (2004). Intelligence, memory, and handedness in pedophilia. Neuropsychology, 18, 3–14.
  15. Cantor, J. M., Kuban, M. E., Blak, T., Klassen, P. E., Dickey, R., & Blanchard, R. (2006). Grade failure and special education placement in sexual offenders’ educational histories. Archives of Sexual Behavior, 35, 743–751.
  16. Cantor, J. M., Klassen, P. E., Dickey, R., Christensen, B. K., Kuban, M. E., Blak, T., et al. (2005). Handedness in pedophilia and hebephilia. Archives of Sexual Behavior, 34, 447–459.
  17. Blanchard, R., Kuban, M. E., Klassen, P., Dickey, R., Christensen, B. K., Cantor, J. M., & Blak, T. (2003). Self-reported injuries before and after age 13 in pedophilic and non-pedophilic men referred for clinical assessment. Archives of Sexual Behavior, 32, 573–581.
  18. Blanchard, R., Christensen, B. K., Strong, S. M., Cantor, J. M., Kuban, M. E., Klassen, P., Dickey, R., & Blak, T. (2002). Retrospective self-reports of childhood accidents causing unconsciousness in phallometrically diagnosed pedophiles. Archives of Sexual Behavior, 31, 511–526.
  19. Cantor, J. M., Kuban, M. E., Blak, T., Klassen, P. E., Dickey, R., & Blanchard, R. (2007). Physical height in pedophilia and hebephilia. Sexual Abuse: A Journal of Research and Treatment, 19, 395–407.
  20. Gebhard, P. H., Gagnon, J. H., Pomeroy, W. B., & Christenson, C. V. (1965). Sex offenders: An analysis of types. New York: Harper & Row.
  21. Studer, L. H., Aylwin, A. S., Clelland, S. R., Reddon, J. R., & Frenzel, R. R. (2002). Primary erotic preference in a group of child molesters. International Journal of Law and Psychiatry, 25, 173–180.
  22. Bernard, F. (1975). An enquiry among a group of pedophiles. The Journal of Sex Research, 11, 242–255.
  23. Wilson, G. D., & Cox, D. N. (1983). Personality of paedophile club members. Personality and Individual Differences, 4, 323–329.
  24. Attention: This template ({{cite doi}}) is deprecated. To cite the publication identified by doi:10.1007/s10508-008-9425-y, please use {{cite journal}} (if it was published in a bona fide academic journal, otherwise {{cite report}} with |doi=10.1007/s10508-008-9425-y instead.
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  26. http://psyris.com/drjoeplaud
  27. Attention: This template ({{cite doi}}) is deprecated. To cite the publication identified by doi:10.1007/s10508-008-9423-0, please use {{cite journal}} (if it was published in a bona fide academic journal, otherwise {{cite report}} with |doi=10.1007/s10508-008-9423-0 instead.
  28. Attention: This template ({{cite doi}}) is deprecated. To cite the publication identified by doi:10.1007/s10508-008-9427-9, please use {{cite journal}} (if it was published in a bona fide academic journal, otherwise {{cite report}} with |doi=10.1007/s10508-008-9427-9 instead.
  29. Attention: This template ({{cite doi}}) is deprecated. To cite the publication identified by doi:10.1007/s10508-010-9610-7, please use {{cite journal}} (if it was published in a bona fide academic journal, otherwise {{cite report}} with |doi=10.1007/s10508-010-9610-7 instead.
  30. http://www.karenfranklin.com/hebephilia.html

External links

Paraphilias
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See also
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