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| She then became leader of Luxembourg’s ] delegation in the ] from 1989 to 1999 and she was a Member of the group's office. | She then became leader of Luxembourg’s ] delegation in the ] from 1989 to 1999 and she was a Member of the group's office. | ||
| Within the European Parliament, she has held positions as President of the Petitions Committee for about 3 years, and |
Within the European Parliament, she has held positions as President of the Petitions Committee for about 3 years, and Vice-President of the Social Committee and the Civil Liberties and Internal Affairs Committee for about 2 years each. | ||
| From 1981 to 1999, she was Communal |
From 1981 to 1999, she was Communal conciliator of the city of ], in which she was President of the Cultural Affairs Committee from 1992 to 1999. | ||
| From 1988 to 1993, she was national president of the Christian-Social Women and from 1995 to 1999 |
From 1988 to 1993, she was national president of the Christian-Social Women and from 1995 to 1999 Vice-president of the ]. | ||
| From 1999 to 2004, she was appointed Commissioner for Education, Culture, Youth, Media and Sport and in | From 1999 to 2004, she was appointed Commissioner for Education, Culture, Youth, Media and Sport and in | ||
| Line 59: | Line 59: | ||
| * 2004 Doctorate Honoris Causa from the ] | * 2004 Doctorate Honoris Causa from the ] | ||
| * 2005 Gloria Artis Medal of Honour from Poland | * 2005 Gloria Artis Medal of Honour from Poland | ||
| * 2005 |
* 2005 Officer of the National Order of the French Legion of Honour | ||
| * 2007 Internet |
* 2007 Internet Villain award at the UK ] Awards | ||
| * 2007 Deutscher Mittelstandspreis | * 2007 Deutscher Mittelstandspreis | ||
| * 2009 Doctorate Honoris Causa from the Sacred Heart University, Luxembourg | * 2009 Doctorate Honoris Causa from the Sacred Heart University, Luxembourg | ||
| Line 66: | Line 66: | ||
| ==Commissioner== | ==Commissioner== | ||
| While serving in the ] under ], Viviane Reding found a relatively popular policy in lowering ] charges of ]s when travelling within the ], stating: "For years, mobile roaming charges have remained unjustifiably high. We are therefore tackling one |
While serving in the ] under ], Viviane Reding found a relatively popular policy in lowering ] charges of ]s when travelling within the ], stating: "For years, mobile roaming charges have remained unjustifiably high. We are therefore tackling one of the last borders within Europe's internal market".<ref> European Commission.</ref> Her ] was approved by the ] in April 2007.<ref> Computer Business Review Online.</ref> | ||
| On 7 April 2006 the Commission launched the new "]" ] for websites for EU companies and citizens wishing to have a non-national European internet address. This has |
On 7 April 2006 the Commission launched the new "]" ] for websites for EU companies and citizens wishing to have a non-national European internet address. This has proved popular with 2.5 million being registered by April 2007. It is now the seventh most popular TLD worldwide, and third in Europe (after ] and ]).<ref> ].</ref> | ||
| Reding has also proposed that major European ] be forced to separate their network and service operations to promote competition in the market. The companies, including ] and ], would still own their networks but the separate management structure would be obliged to treat other operators on an equal basis in offering access to the network. This is opposed to separate ideas to force a full break up of such companies.<ref> Financial Times.</ref> | Reding has also proposed that major European ] be forced to separate their network and service operations to promote competition in the market. The companies, including ] and ], would still own their networks but the separate management structure would be obliged to treat other operators on an equal basis in offering access to the network. This is opposed to separate ideas to force a full break up of such companies.<ref> Financial Times.</ref> | ||
| In 2008, the EU Parliament voted to pass the "]" which would render the entire markets |
In 2008, the EU Parliament voted to pass the "]" which would render the entire markets of the region into one market, making it easier to sell internet and phone services in EU, with the goal of making the telecom prices cheaper for customers in EU. Among the many amendments to the proposal, amendment 138 was voted in favor of with 574 votes for, and 73 against. This particular amendment would require any termination of internet subscription to be heard in front of a judge. Viviane Reding said afterward that she hoped she could force the removal of the amendment, thus to some observers overruling the democratic process of the 647 cast votes.<ref>.</ref> | ||
| In February 2010, Reding was confirmed in her third term as European Commissioner as Vice-President and Commissioner responsible for Justice, Fundamental Rights and Citizenship.<ref>.</ref> | |||
| On 7 July 2010, Reding had an official meeting with the Secretary General of the ], ], in order to launch joint talks on the EU's accession to the ].<ref>, hrea.org.</ref> On that |
On 7 July 2010, Reding had an official meeting with the Secretary General of the ], ], in order to launch joint talks on the EU's accession to the ].<ref>, hrea.org.</ref> On that very occasion, she was assaulted by a man with mental health problems in front of the ].<ref>, ] {{fr icon}}.</ref> | ||
| == |
==Controversy over Roma== | ||
| {{main|French Roma repatriation}} | {{main|French Roma repatriation}} | ||
| After the publication of |
After the publication of a French Interior Ministry circular of 5 August 2010, Reding made a public statement that was interpreted as likening the ] to those made from France by the occupying German forces during World War II: "I personally have been appalled by a situation which gave the impression that people are being removed from a Member State of the European Union just because they belong to a certain ethnic minority. This is a situation I had thought Europe would not have to witness again after the Second World War".<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.eubusiness.com/news-eu/france-immigration.642 |title=EU threatens France with legal action over Roma 'disgrace' — EUbusiness - European Union business news search and analysis |publisher=Eubusiness.com |date=2010-09-14 |accessdate=2010-09-18}}</ref> | ||
| The French government's claim that it was expulsing people on legal rather than ethnic grounds was later claimed to be "openly contradicted by an administrative circular issued by the same government" mentioning the illegal Romani camps specifically ("en priorité ceux des Roms").<ref>See original circular pdf at: http://ovh.softdom.com/Circulaire_du_5août_2010.pdf</ref> This mention could be explained by the fact that ] account for the overwhelming majority of foreign migrants setting up camps in France, and that "most Roma from the two countries are thought to be in France illegally".<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-11027288 |title=BBC News - Q&A: France Roma expulsions |publisher=Bbc.co.uk |date=2010-09-14 |accessdate=2010-09-18}}</ref> French President Nicolas Sarkozy stated that his government had been unaware of the directive signed by the Chief of Staff of the Minister of the Interior in question and argued that it had been canceled as soon as the government became aware of it through press reports. He stated that France continues to welcome refugees and that "we refuse the creation of slums... that are unworthy of the values of the French Republic or of European ideals." President Sarkozy also stated that 80% of the camps removed during August 2010 were of French "gens du voyage", i.e. most of the campers thus removed where not foreign citizens or Roma; and that all removals were done based on judicial decisions, i.e. they were not unilateral police operations as would be based on a circular directive.<ref>{{cite web|author=lefigaro.fr |url=http://www.lefigaro.fr/politique/2010/09/16/01002-20100916ARTFIG00611-roms-a-bruxelles-sarkozy-maintient-son-cap.php |title=Le Figaro - Politique : Roms : à Bruxelles, Sarkozy maintient son cap |publisher=Lefigaro.fr |date= |accessdate=2010-09-18}}</ref> At least one of those expulsed, testifying from Pierrelaye in France where she had returned, disagreed.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lgmbT6oW-Rs |title=Guilty until Proven Innocent - Roma and the State of France |publisher=youtube.com |date=2010-10-11 |accessdate=2010-10-17}}</ref> | |||
| The French government responded by saying Reding had made an "unseemly blunder" and defended France as "the mother of human rights." President Sarkozy denounced Mrs. Reding's comments as "scandalous" and stated that "if Luxembourg wants to take in Roma, that is no problem" as far as France is concerned.<ref name="lefigaro1">{{cite web|author=lefigaro.fr |url=http://www.lefigaro.fr/international/2010/09/15/01003-20100915ARTFIG00429-roms-l-elysee-fustige-les-critiques-de-bruxelles.php |title=Le Figaro - International : Roms : l'Élysée fustige les critiques de Bruxelles |publisher=Lefigaro.fr |date= |accessdate=2010-09-18}}</ref> Luxembourg Minister for Foreign Affairs, Jean Asselborn, considered this statement to be "malevolent" <ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/europe/luxembourg/8005614/Sarkozy-suggests-Roma-should-be-sent-to-Luxembourg.html |title=Sarkozy suggests Roma 'should be sent to Luxembourg' |publisher=telegraph.co.uk |date=2010-09-16 |accessdate=2010-10-17}}</ref> President Sarkozy also stated that Mrs Reding had been silent during larger-scale expulsions by other countries in earlier years, including by Italy specifically of its Roma during 2009, and when police rejected Romani travelers trying to enter Luxembourg. French Immigration Minister Eric Besson said that in her statement Reding "intentionally skids, if I may say, that is she uses an expression aimed to shock, that contains an anachronic fallacy, and that creates a false amalgam".<ref name="lefigaro1"/> | |||
| Whilst some media |
Whilst some media coverage supported her actions, others called for her immediate resignation.<ref name="spiegel1">{{cite news|url=http://www.spiegel.de/international/germany/0,1518,717643,00.html|title=France Has Acted Systematically against an Entire People|accessdate=2010-09-17|date=2010-09-15|first=Michael Scott|last=Moore|newspaper=]|publisher=Spiegel Online}}</ref> | ||
| Following her initial statement |
Following her initial statement, Mrs Reding announced her intention to sue France at the European Court of Justice within two weeks. She subsequently privately recanted the historical comparison in her initial statement.<ref>{{cite web|author=lefigaro.fr |url=http://www.lefigaro.fr/international/2010/09/15/01003-20100915ARTFIG00701-viviane-reding-la-dame-en-rouge-qui-defie-la-france.php |title=Le Figaro - International : Viviane Reding, la dame en rouge qui défie la France |publisher=Lefigaro.fr |date= |accessdate=2010-09-18}}</ref> Her office apologized for the analogy.<ref>{{Cite news |url=http://www.nytimes.com/2010/09/17/world/europe/17union.html |title=Dispute Grows Over France’s Removal of Roma Camps |newspaper=New York Times |date=September 16, 2010 |first=Stephen |last=Castle |first2=Katrin |last2=Bennhold }}</ref> Her office also subsequently declined to follow up on the earlier threat to sue France at the European Court of Justice, or to take other legal action on the Roma matter against France.<ref>{{cite web|author=lefigaro.fr |url=http://www.lefigaro.fr/international/2010/10/19/01003-20101019ARTFIG00308-roms-aucune-procedure-ne-sera-lancee-contre-paris.php |title=Le Figaro - International : Roms : aucune procédure ne sera lancée contre Paris |publisher=Lefigaro.fr |date= |accessdate=2010-10-19}}</ref> as France and other countries of the European Union were forced to amend their national rules to the requirements of the European Union's free movement laws. <ref>{{Cite news |url=http://europa.eu/generalreport/pdf/rg2010_en.pdf|title=EU General Activity Report 2010}}</ref>. At the instigation of Mrs Reding the European Commission set up a Roma task force to analyse to what extent measures are being effectively taken to help the social and economic integration of Roma in Europe. | ||
| On 27 January 2011, ], a holocaust survivor addressing the German Bundestag at the official Holocaust Remembrance Day ceremony, praised Mrs Reding 'clear words' in f="ouncing the Roma expulsions in the summer of 2010 <ref>{{Cite web|author=publico.pt |url=http://www.publico.pt/Mundo/primeiro-cigano-a-participar-em-aniversario-de-auschwitz-denuncia-condicoes-indignas_1477332 |title=Holocause survivor f="ounces Roma expulsions |date= |accessdate=2011-03-09}}</ref>. | |||
| ==Notes== | ==Notes== | ||
Revision as of 23:35, 9 March 2011
| Viviane Reding | |
|---|---|
 | |
| European Commissioner for Justice, Fundamental Rights and Citizenship | |
| Incumbent | |
| Assumed office 9 February 2010 | |
| President | José Manuel Barroso |
| Preceded by | Jacques Barrot (Justice, Freedom and Security) |
| European Commissioner for Information Society and Media | |
| In office 22 November 2004 – 9 February 2010 | |
| President | José Manuel Barroso |
| Preceded by | Ján Figeľ Olli Rehn (Enterprise and Information Society) |
| Succeeded by | Neelie Kroes (Digital Agenda) |
| European Commissioner for Education and Culture | |
| In office 13 September 1999 – 21 November 2004Serving with Dalia Grybauskaitė | |
| President | Romano Prodi |
| Preceded by | Marcelino Oreja (Culture) |
| Succeeded by | Ján Figeľ (Education, Training, Culture and Multilingualism) |
| Personal details | |
| Born | (1951-04-27) 27 April 1951 (age 73) Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg |
| Political party | Christian Social People's Party |
| Alma mater | University of Paris |
| Profession | Journalist |
Viviane Reding (born 27 April 1951 in Esch-sur-Alzette) is a Luxembourg politician, currently serving as European Commissioner for Justice, Fundamental Rights and Citizenship. Before starting a professional career as a journalist for the leading newspaper in Luxembourg, the Luxemburger Wort, she obtained a doctorate in human sciences at the Sorbonne. From 1986 to 1998, she was President of the Luxembourg Union of Journalists. On November 27, 2009, she was upgraded in the "Barroso II Commission" to Vice-President responsible for Justice, Fundamental Rights and Citizenship, and is affiliated with the European People's Party (EPP).
She is divorced and has three children.
Political career
She started her political career in 1979, as a Member of the Luxembourg Parliament and held the following positions:
- President of social committee
- Member of the Office of the Chamber of Deputies
- Member of the Benelux Parliament
- Member of the North Atlantic Assembly (leader of Christian Democrat/Conservative group)
She then became leader of Luxembourg’s EPP delegation in the European Parliament from 1989 to 1999 and she was a Member of the group's office.
Within the European Parliament, she has held positions as President of the Petitions Committee for about 3 years, and Vice-President of the Social Committee and the Civil Liberties and Internal Affairs Committee for about 2 years each.
From 1981 to 1999, she was Communal conciliator of the city of Esch, in which she was President of the Cultural Affairs Committee from 1992 to 1999.
From 1988 to 1993, she was national president of the Christian-Social Women and from 1995 to 1999 Vice-president of the Christian Social People's Party.
From 1999 to 2004, she was appointed Commissioner for Education, Culture, Youth, Media and Sport and in 2004 she became Commissioner for Information Society and Media. In that position she regulated the prices of roaming within the EU.
She has earned the following prizes and distinctions:
- 1992 St George’s Cross from the Generalitat of Catalunya
- 2001 Gold Medal of the European Merit Foundation
- 2004 Doctorate Honoris Causa from the Hu Chen University of Taiwan
- 2004 Doctorate Honoris Causa from the University of Genoa
- 2004 Robert Schuman Medal
- 2004 Doctorate Honoris Causa from the University of Turin
- 2005 Gloria Artis Medal of Honour from Poland
- 2005 Officer of the National Order of the French Legion of Honour
- 2007 Internet Villain award at the UK Internet Service Providers Association Awards
- 2007 Deutscher Mittelstandspreis
- 2009 Doctorate Honoris Causa from the Sacred Heart University, Luxembourg
- 2010 BeNeLux Europa award
Commissioner
While serving in the European Commission under President Barroso, Viviane Reding found a relatively popular policy in lowering roaming charges of mobile phones when travelling within the European Union, stating: "For years, mobile roaming charges have remained unjustifiably high. We are therefore tackling one of the last borders within Europe's internal market". Her legislation to cap roaming charges was approved by the Parliament in April 2007.
On 7 April 2006 the Commission launched the new ".eu" TLD for websites for EU companies and citizens wishing to have a non-national European internet address. This has proved popular with 2.5 million being registered by April 2007. It is now the seventh most popular TLD worldwide, and third in Europe (after .de and .uk).
Reding has also proposed that major European telecom companies be forced to separate their network and service operations to promote competition in the market. The companies, including France Telecom and Deutsche Telekom, would still own their networks but the separate management structure would be obliged to treat other operators on an equal basis in offering access to the network. This is opposed to separate ideas to force a full break up of such companies.
In 2008, the EU Parliament voted to pass the "Telecoms Package" which would render the entire markets of the region into one market, making it easier to sell internet and phone services in EU, with the goal of making the telecom prices cheaper for customers in EU. Among the many amendments to the proposal, amendment 138 was voted in favor of with 574 votes for, and 73 against. This particular amendment would require any termination of internet subscription to be heard in front of a judge. Viviane Reding said afterward that she hoped she could force the removal of the amendment, thus to some observers overruling the democratic process of the 647 cast votes.
In February 2010, Reding was confirmed in her third term as European Commissioner as Vice-President and Commissioner responsible for Justice, Fundamental Rights and Citizenship.
On 7 July 2010, Reding had an official meeting with the Secretary General of the Council of Europe, Thorbjørn Jagland, in order to launch joint talks on the EU's accession to the European Convention on Human Rights. On that very occasion, she was assaulted by a man with mental health problems in front of the Palace of Europe.
Controversy over Roma
Main article: French Roma repatriationAfter the publication of a French Interior Ministry circular of 5 August 2010, Reding made a public statement that was interpreted as likening the 2010 French deportations of the Roma to those made from France by the occupying German forces during World War II: "I personally have been appalled by a situation which gave the impression that people are being removed from a Member State of the European Union just because they belong to a certain ethnic minority. This is a situation I had thought Europe would not have to witness again after the Second World War".
The French government's claim that it was expulsing people on legal rather than ethnic grounds was later claimed to be "openly contradicted by an administrative circular issued by the same government" mentioning the illegal Romani camps specifically ("en priorité ceux des Roms"). This mention could be explained by the fact that Roma account for the overwhelming majority of foreign migrants setting up camps in France, and that "most Roma from the two countries are thought to be in France illegally". French President Nicolas Sarkozy stated that his government had been unaware of the directive signed by the Chief of Staff of the Minister of the Interior in question and argued that it had been canceled as soon as the government became aware of it through press reports. He stated that France continues to welcome refugees and that "we refuse the creation of slums... that are unworthy of the values of the French Republic or of European ideals." President Sarkozy also stated that 80% of the camps removed during August 2010 were of French "gens du voyage", i.e. most of the campers thus removed where not foreign citizens or Roma; and that all removals were done based on judicial decisions, i.e. they were not unilateral police operations as would be based on a circular directive. At least one of those expulsed, testifying from Pierrelaye in France where she had returned, disagreed.
The French government responded by saying Reding had made an "unseemly blunder" and defended France as "the mother of human rights." President Sarkozy denounced Mrs. Reding's comments as "scandalous" and stated that "if Luxembourg wants to take in Roma, that is no problem" as far as France is concerned. Luxembourg Minister for Foreign Affairs, Jean Asselborn, considered this statement to be "malevolent" President Sarkozy also stated that Mrs Reding had been silent during larger-scale expulsions by other countries in earlier years, including by Italy specifically of its Roma during 2009, and when police rejected Romani travelers trying to enter Luxembourg. French Immigration Minister Eric Besson said that in her statement Reding "intentionally skids, if I may say, that is she uses an expression aimed to shock, that contains an anachronic fallacy, and that creates a false amalgam".
Whilst some media coverage supported her actions, others called for her immediate resignation.
Following her initial statement, Mrs Reding announced her intention to sue France at the European Court of Justice within two weeks. She subsequently privately recanted the historical comparison in her initial statement. Her office apologized for the analogy. Her office also subsequently declined to follow up on the earlier threat to sue France at the European Court of Justice, or to take other legal action on the Roma matter against France. as France and other countries of the European Union were forced to amend their national rules to the requirements of the European Union's free movement laws. . At the instigation of Mrs Reding the European Commission set up a Roma task force to analyse to what extent measures are being effectively taken to help the social and economic integration of Roma in Europe.
Notes
- "Barroso gets new EU Commission team", BBC News, 25 November 2009. Retrieved November 28, 2009.
- "Barroso II: 13 EPP Commissioners receive key portfolios", European People's Party, 27 November 2009. Retrieved November 28, 2009.
- Roaming Charges Portal European Commission.
- European parliament backs roaming price cuts Computer Business Review Online.
- .eu Domain Names Top 2.5M in Year One Huffington Post.
- EU Commissioner favours telecoms break-up Financial Times.
- EU Parliament: Only judges can order 'Net disconnections.
- .
- European Commission and Council of Europe kick off joint talks on EU's accession to the Convention on Human Rights, hrea.org.
- Viviane Reding agressée, Les Dernières Nouvelles d'Alsace Template:Fr icon.
- "EU threatens France with legal action over Roma 'disgrace' — EUbusiness - European Union business news search and analysis". Eubusiness.com. 2010-09-14. Retrieved 2010-09-18.
- See original circular pdf at: http://ovh.softdom.com/Circulaire_du_5août_2010.pdf
- "BBC News - Q&A: France Roma expulsions". Bbc.co.uk. 2010-09-14. Retrieved 2010-09-18.
- lefigaro.fr. "Le Figaro - Politique : Roms : à Bruxelles, Sarkozy maintient son cap". Lefigaro.fr. Retrieved 2010-09-18.
- "Guilty until Proven Innocent - Roma and the State of France". youtube.com. 2010-10-11. Retrieved 2010-10-17.
- ^ lefigaro.fr. "Le Figaro - International : Roms : l'Élysée fustige les critiques de Bruxelles". Lefigaro.fr. Retrieved 2010-09-18.
- "Sarkozy suggests Roma 'should be sent to Luxembourg'". telegraph.co.uk. 2010-09-16. Retrieved 2010-10-17.
- Moore, Michael Scott (2010-09-15). "France Has Acted Systematically against an Entire People". Spiegel Online International. Spiegel Online. Retrieved 2010-09-17.
- lefigaro.fr. "Le Figaro - International : Viviane Reding, la dame en rouge qui défie la France". Lefigaro.fr. Retrieved 2010-09-18.
- Castle, Stephen; Bennhold, Katrin (September 16, 2010). "Dispute Grows Over France's Removal of Roma Camps". New York Times.
- lefigaro.fr. "Le Figaro - International : Roms : aucune procédure ne sera lancée contre Paris". Lefigaro.fr. Retrieved 2010-10-19.
- "EU General Activity Report 2010" (PDF).
External links
- Official Media Gallery
- Official website
- Archived website as Commissioner for Culture and Education
- Interview with Viviane Reding
| Political offices | ||
|---|---|---|
| Preceded byJacques Santer | Luxembourgian European Commissioner 1999–present |
Incumbent |
| Preceded byMarcelino Orejaas European Commissioner for Culture | European Commissioner for Education and Culture 1999–2004 Served alongside: Dalia Grybauskaitė |
Succeeded byJán Figeľas European Commissioner for Education, Training, Culture and Multilingualism |
| Preceded byJán Figeľ Olli Rehnas European Commissioner for Enterprise and Information Society |
European Commissioner for Information Society and Media 2004–2010 |
Succeeded byNeelie Kroesas European Commissioner for Digital Agenda |
| Preceded byJacques Barrotas European Commissioner for Justice, Freedom and Security | European Commissioner for Justice, Fundamental Rights and Citizenship 2010–present |
Incumbent |
| Barroso Commission I (2004–2009) | |
|---|---|
| |
| 1 = President. 2 = Vice President. 3 = Served from 1 January 2007. 4 = Vassiliou replaced Kyprianou on 3 March 2008. 5 = Tajani replaced Frattini on 18 June 2008. 6 = Ashton replaced Mandelson on 3 October 2008. 7 = Šemeta replaced Grybauskaitė on 1 July 2009. 8 = Samecki replaced Hübner on 4 July 2009. 9 = De Gucht replaced Michel on 17 July 2009. 10 = Šefčovič replaced Figeľ on 1 October 2009. |
.jpg)
- 1951 births
- Christian Social People's Party politicians
- Councillors in Esch-sur-Alzette
- Luxemburger Wort people
- European Commissioners
- Living people
- Luxembourg Chamber of Deputies members
- Luxembourgian European Commissioners
- Luxembourgian journalists
- Luxembourgian women in politics
- Members of the Chamber of Deputies of Luxembourg from Centre
- People from Esch-sur-Alzette
- University of Paris alumni
- Christian Social People's Party MEPs
- Female Members of the European Parliament
- MEPs for Luxembourg 1989–1994
- MEPs for Luxembourg 1994–1999