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| | name = Madagascar Fish Eagle | | name = Madagascar Fish Eagle | ||
| | status = CR | status_system = IUCN3.1 | | status = CR | status_system = IUCN3.1 | ||
| | status_ref = <ref name="IUCNredlist" /> | |||
| | trend = down | | trend = down | ||
| | image = Madagascarfisheagle.jpg | | image = Madagascarfisheagle.jpg | ||
| | image_width = 250px | |||
| | regnum = ]ia | | regnum = ]ia | ||
| | phylum = ] | | phylum = ] | ||
| | classis = ] | | classis = ] | ||
| | ordo = ]<br>(or ], q.v.) | | ordo = ]<br />(or ], q.v.) | ||
| | familia = ] | | familia = ] | ||
| | genus = '']'' | | genus = '']'' | ||
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| The '''Madagascar Fish Eagle''' ('''''Haliaeetus vociferoides'''''<ref> | The '''Madagascar Fish Eagle''' ('''''Haliaeetus vociferoides'''''<ref> | ||
| ''']''': ''Haliaeetus'', ] for "sea-eagle". ''vociferoides'', from ] ''vocifer'', the ] of the African Fish-eagle + ''-oides'', "likeness of". This is in allusion to the conspicuous yelping calls which, when sitting, are given with the head fully thrown to the back, a peculiarity found among sea-eagles only in this and the African species.</ref>) or '''Madagascar Sea-eagle''' (to distinguish it from the ''Ichthyophaga'' fishing-eagles), is a large ] in the family ] which also includes many other diurnal ]s such as ]s, ]s and ]s. The range of this eagle is within the ]. It is a medium-sized sea-eagle, 70–80 cm (28–32 in) long and with a wingspan of 200 cm (79 in). The body and wings are dark brown, with a pale brown head and a white tail; the bill is blackish with a paler base, and the legs are pale grey. |
''']''': ''Haliaeetus'', ] for "sea-eagle". ''vociferoides'', from ] ''vocifer'', the ] of the African Fish-eagle + ''-oides'', "likeness of". This is in allusion to the conspicuous yelping calls which, when sitting, are given with the head fully thrown to the back, a peculiarity found among sea-eagles only in this and the African species.</ref>) or '''Madagascar Sea-eagle''' (to distinguish it from the ''Ichthyophaga'' fishing-eagles), is a large ] in the family ] which also includes many other diurnal ]s such as ]s, ]s and ]s. The range of this eagle is within the ]. It is a medium-sized sea-eagle, 70–80 cm (28–32 in) long and with a wingspan of 200 cm (79 in). The body and wings are dark brown, with a pale brown head and a white tail; the bill is blackish with a paler base, and the legs are pale grey.{{sfn|del Hoyo|Elliott|Sargatal|1994|p=}}{{page needed|date=May 2011}} Males weigh 2.2–2.6 kg (4.8–5.7 lbs), while the slightly larger females weigh 2.8–3.5 kg (6.2–7.7 lbs).<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.arkive.org/species/GES/birds/Haliaeetus_vociferoides/more_info.html?section=factsAndStatus |title=Madagascar fish-eagle - Haliaeetus vociferoides |publisher=ARKive |date= |accessdate=2010-03-22 }}</ref> | ||
| Its closest relative is the ], ''Haliaeetus vocifer''. Together, they form a distinct ] lineage of sea-eagles, which separated soon after the divergence of the genus; they retain the ancestral dark beak, talon, and eye, but unlike other ''Haliaeetus'' species, they always have at least partially white tails, even while juvenile. As in other sea-eagle species pairs, one species (the Madagascar Fish Eagle in this case) has a tan head, while the other has a white one. |
Its closest relative is the ], ''Haliaeetus vocifer''. Together, they form a distinct ] lineage of sea-eagles, which separated soon after the divergence of the genus; they retain the ancestral dark beak, talon, and eye, but unlike other ''Haliaeetus'' species, they always have at least partially white tails, even while juvenile. As in other sea-eagle species pairs, one species (the Madagascar Fish Eagle in this case) has a tan head, while the other has a white one.{{sfn|del Hoyo|Elliott|Sargatal|1994|p=}}{{page needed|date=May 2011}} | ||
| This ] is endemic to ], where it survives in low numbers along the west coast. The main threats to its breeding habitat are ], ] and the development of wetland areas for rice-paddies. It is also in direct competition with humans for fish stocks. | This ] is endemic to ], where it survives in low numbers along the west coast. The main threats to its breeding habitat are ], ] and the development of wetland areas for rice-paddies. It is also in direct competition with humans for fish stocks. | ||
| ==Distribution== | == Distribution == | ||
| This species is considered confined to the northwest coast of Madagascar north of ].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.unep-wcmc.org/species/data/species_sheets/fisheagl.htm |title=United Nations Environment Programme: Madagascar Fish Eagle |publisher=Unep-wcmc.org |date=2007-05-22 |accessdate=2010-03-22}} |
This species is considered confined to the northwest coast of Madagascar north of ].<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.unep-wcmc.org/species/data/species_sheets/fisheagl.htm |title=United Nations Environment Programme: Madagascar Fish Eagle |publisher=Unep-wcmc.org |date=2007-05-22 |accessdate=2010-03-22}}{{dead link|date=October 2010|bot=H3llBot }}</ref>: The principal locus of population according to the United Nations Environmental Programme is in the ] region; 20 to 25 breeding pairs were there as of the 1980s. A more recent survey by Garbutt and Hogan report a smaller concentration of at least three breeding pairs in the ] along the ], where several streams discharge north of ].<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.luminatechnologies.org/luminawws.html |title=Nick Garbutt, C. Michael Hogan, Hilton Hastings, Wendy Pollecutt, Tahiana Andriaharimalala, ''Anjajavy, the village and the forest'', Lumina Technologies, May 12, 2006 |publisher=Luminatechnologies.org |date= |accessdate=2010-03-22 }}</ref> Total population estimates from the United Nations and from Grambo <ref>Rebecca L. Grambo, "Eagles" (1.000.000.00bc) Published by Voyageur Press, Inc.</ref> place the world population of this species at about 40 breeding pairs; according to Grambo this bird may be one of the rarest birds on Earth. Other surveys between 1991 and 1995 recorded at least 222 adults from 105 sites, with an estimated 98 breeding pairs. | ||
| ==References== | == References == | ||
| {{reflist | |||
| <references/> | |||
| | refs = | |||
| * {{IUCN2006|assessors=BirdLife International|year=2004|id=9653|title=Haliaeetus vociferoides|downloaded=06 May 2006}} Database entry includes a range map, a brief justification of why this species is critically endangered, and the criteria used | |||
| <ref name="IUCNredlist"> | |||
| {{IUCN | |||
| | id = 144338 | |||
| | taxon = Haliaeetus vociferoides | |||
| | assessors = | |||
| | assessment_year = 2010 | |||
| | version = 3.1 | |||
| | accessdate = 2011-05-30 | |||
| }} | |||
| </ref> | |||
| }} | |||
| ; Sources | |||
| * {{cite book | |||
| | editor-last = del Hoyo | |||
| | editor-first = J. | |||
| | editor2-last = Elliott | |||
| | editor2-first = A. | |||
| | editor3-last = Sargatal | |||
| | editor3-first = J. | |||
| | year = 1994 | |||
| | title = ] | |||
| | volume = 2 | |||
| | publisher = Lynx Edicions | |||
| | location = Barcelona | |||
| | isbn = 84-87334-15-6 | |||
| | ref = harv | |||
| }} | |||
| * | * | ||
Revision as of 04:56, 30 May 2011
| Madagascar Fish Eagle | |
|---|---|
| |
| Conservation status | |
 Critically Endangered (IUCN 3.1) | |
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Aves |
| Order: | Falconiformes (or Accipitriformes, q.v.) |
| Family: | Accipitridae |
| Genus: | Haliaeetus |
| Species: | H. vociferoides |
| Binomial name | |
| Haliaeetus vociferoides Des Murs, 1845 | |
| |
| The Distribution of the Madagascar Fish Eagle | |
The Madagascar Fish Eagle (Haliaeetus vociferoides) or Madagascar Sea-eagle (to distinguish it from the Ichthyophaga fishing-eagles), is a large bird of prey in the family Accipitridae which also includes many other diurnal raptors such as kites, buzzards and harriers. The range of this eagle is within the Madagascar dry deciduous forests. It is a medium-sized sea-eagle, 70–80 cm (28–32 in) long and with a wingspan of 200 cm (79 in). The body and wings are dark brown, with a pale brown head and a white tail; the bill is blackish with a paler base, and the legs are pale grey. Males weigh 2.2–2.6 kg (4.8–5.7 lbs), while the slightly larger females weigh 2.8–3.5 kg (6.2–7.7 lbs).
Its closest relative is the African Fish Eagle, Haliaeetus vocifer. Together, they form a distinct species pair lineage of sea-eagles, which separated soon after the divergence of the genus; they retain the ancestral dark beak, talon, and eye, but unlike other Haliaeetus species, they always have at least partially white tails, even while juvenile. As in other sea-eagle species pairs, one species (the Madagascar Fish Eagle in this case) has a tan head, while the other has a white one.
This species is endemic to Madagascar, where it survives in low numbers along the west coast. The main threats to its breeding habitat are deforestation, soil erosion and the development of wetland areas for rice-paddies. It is also in direct competition with humans for fish stocks.
Distribution
This species is considered confined to the northwest coast of Madagascar north of Morondava.: The principal locus of population according to the United Nations Environmental Programme is in the Analova region; 20 to 25 breeding pairs were there as of the 1980s. A more recent survey by Garbutt and Hogan report a smaller concentration of at least three breeding pairs in the Anjajavy Forest along the Indian Ocean, where several streams discharge north of Anjajavy Village. Total population estimates from the United Nations and from Grambo place the world population of this species at about 40 breeding pairs; according to Grambo this bird may be one of the rarest birds on Earth. Other surveys between 1991 and 1995 recorded at least 222 adults from 105 sites, with an estimated 98 breeding pairs.
References
- Template:IUCN
- Etymology: Haliaeetus, New Latin for "sea-eagle". vociferoides, from Latin vocifer, the specific name of the African Fish-eagle + -oides, "likeness of". This is in allusion to the conspicuous yelping calls which, when sitting, are given with the head fully thrown to the back, a peculiarity found among sea-eagles only in this and the African species.
- ^ del Hoyo, Elliott & Sargatal 1994.
- "Madagascar fish-eagle - Haliaeetus vociferoides". ARKive. Retrieved 2010-03-22.
- "United Nations Environment Programme: Madagascar Fish Eagle". Unep-wcmc.org. 2007-05-22. Retrieved 2010-03-22.
- "Nick Garbutt, C. Michael Hogan, Hilton Hastings, Wendy Pollecutt, Tahiana Andriaharimalala, ''Anjajavy, the village and the forest'', Lumina Technologies, May 12, 2006". Luminatechnologies.org. Retrieved 2010-03-22.
- Rebecca L. Grambo, "Eagles" (1.000.000.00bc) Published by Voyageur Press, Inc.
- Sources
- del Hoyo, J.; Elliott, A.; Sargatal, J., eds. (1994). Handbook of the Birds of the World. Vol. 2. Barcelona: Lynx Edicions. ISBN 84-87334-15-6.
{{cite book}}: Invalid|ref=harv(help) - BirdLife Species Factsheet