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The Taos art colony is an art colony founded in Taos, New Mexico by artists attracted by the rich culture of the Taos Pueblo and beautiful landscape. Hispanic craftsmanship of furniture, tin work and more played a role in creating a multicultural tradition of art work in the area.

In 1898 a visit of Bert Geer Phillips and Ernest L. Blumenschein to Taos, New Mexico was one of the first steps in the creation of the Taos art colony and the Taos Society of Artists. In addition to the attention brought by the Taos Society of Artists, Mabel Dodge Luhan was instrumental in promoting Taos to artists and writers within her circle, which led a new generation of artists to Taos.

In the early 20th century modern artists infused the area with an new artistic energy, followed in the 1950's by abstract artists. Taos supports more than 80 galleries and three museums. There are a number of organizations that support and promote the work of artists on the Taos Pueblo and in the Taos area.

History

Taos Pueblo

Located in a tributary valley off the Rio Grande, Taos Pueblo is the most northern of the New Mexico pueblos. For nearly a millennium, the Taos Indians have lived here. It is estimated that the pueblo was built between 1000 and 1450 A.D., with some later expansion. The Taos Pueblo is considered to be the oldest continuously inhabited community in the United States. The Pueblo, at some places five stories high, is a combination of many individual homes with common walls. There are over 1,900 people in the Taos pueblo community. Some of them have modern homes near their fields and stay at their homes on the pueblo during cooler weather. There are about 150 people who live at the pueblo year-around. The Taos Pueblo was added as an UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1992 as one of the most significant historical cultural landmarks in the world; Other sites include the Taj Mahal, Great Pyramids and the Grand Canyon in the United States.

Taos Pueblo artists

Ancient artistic traditions have been manifested in native craft for generations; an important acknowledgement for understanding the inherent aesthetic allure of this area to the Anglo-American artists. Making paintings with oil and watercolor was a new form of art to the Taos Pueblo who traditionally painted objects such as hides or inside buildings, such as on the walls of a kiva, but one embraced by artists such as Albert Looking Elk, Albert Lujan, Juan Mirabal and Juanito Concha. They provided artwork that was realistic of the Native American lifestyle in contrast to the work of Anglo-Americans romantic depictions. Traditional design elements were formalized at the Santa Fe Indian School, defining authentic Native American art.

Juanita Suazo Dubray, a lifelong resident of Taos Pueblo, is a celebrated Native American potter. In 1980, at the age of 50, Dubray began making micaceous pottery, upholding the tradition of her mother and their ancestors. Dubray added an element of sculptural releif with icons of corn, turtles, lizards, and kiva steps in relief; Her original corn design her most recognized symbol. Lori Tanner (Pop Wea) (d. 1966) was also a noted potter from Taos Pueblo

Pop Chalee

Pop Chalee also known as Merina Lujan and "Blue Flower" (1906-1993), was the daughter of a man from the Taos Pueblo and an East Indian mother. In the 1920s she attended the Santa Fe Indian School and in the 1930s Dorothy Dunn's studio of the same school. Multi-talented, Chalee was a muralist and art instructor; She also worked in radio and the film industry.

Hispanic artwork

In the late 18th century and early 19th century it was very expensive to ship furniture to New Mexico. Hispanic carpenters built, with great artistry, cajas (storage chests), harineros (grain chests), trasteros (kitchen cupboards) and other furniture. The work was generally carved and painted brightly.

Tinwork was also made with materials brought from Mexico and sometimes along the Santa Fe Trail. A significant growth in tin work occurred, though, once the railroad opened. At first most of the tin work was in the form of religious, devotional items. By the turn of the century tinsmiths were creating sconces, lanterns and trinket boxes.

Commissioned by churches and individuals, artists created sacred images called Santos of Roman Catholicism. Patrociño Barela (1900-1964) made secular works that greatly influenced contemporary santeros. His work, shown at the Museum of Modern Art in New York with other artists of the Federal Art Project, was the first Mexican American artist to receive national recognition.

In addition to the Taos museums, the Martinez Hacienda, a fortress occupied by Padre Martinez's family in the 1800s, provides examples of the integration of Spanish and Pueblo artistic movements in retablos (santos painted on flat pieces of wood), bultos (santos carved out of wood and sometimes painted), as well as tin work, jewelry, and basketry.

Taos Society of Artists

Bert Geer Phillips and Ernest L. Blumenschein came to Taos, New Mexico as part of a tour of the western United States, but upon seeing Taos decided to stay.

An article with drawings by Blumenschein about a ceremony at Taos Pueblo appeared in the July 10, 1898, issue of Harper's Weekly.

Within a few years other American and European-born artists joined them in Taos: Joseph Henry Sharp, W. Herbert Dunton, E. Irving Couse and Oscar E. Berninghaus. These six artists were the charter members of the Taos Society of Artists.

The Taos Society of Artists works heralded the beginning of the Taos art colony, a groundbreaking association of European trained painters that collected around the visually spectacular Taos Pueblo in the Southwestern United States. The founding members fostered the emergence of a major school of American painting. Unlike other 'schools' or styles that emerged around the turn of the 19th century in the United States, the early Taos Colony artists were not united under a single manifesto or aesthetic modus, but equally lured by the stunning and, as yet, foreign environs.

Mabel Dodge Luhan

Many artists were drawn to Taos due to the presence of Mabel Dodge Luhan, a wealthy heiress from Buffalo, New York who had run a prominent art salon in Florence, Italy, and Manhattan, New York, before settling in Taos in 1917. After both divorced their spouses, Mabel Dodge married a Pueblo native, Antonio Lujan, and built a house. She spelled her married name "Luhan" as it was easier for her friends to pronounce.

While in the Southwest, Luhan carried on the tradition of the European salon in its newest of iterations. For decades, she invited artists, writers, and other luminaries to be inspired by Taos and each other. Among them were Ansel Adams, Georgia O’Keeffe, Alfred Stieglitz, author D. H. Lawrence and his wife, Frieda von Richthofen. Artist Dorothy Brett came to Taos in 1924 with her friends D.H. Lawrence and Frieda von Richthofen and later permanently settled there.

Andrew Dasburg

Parisian born Andrew Dasburg (1887-1979) was one of the earliest friends of Luhan to come and stay in Taos. He first came to Taos in 1918, and moved to Santa Fe, New Mexico in 1921, when he integrated the boxy traditional construction styles in New Mexico into his Cubist art. In Taos, Dasburg became a mentor to a group of artists known as "Taos Moderns". A leader in the Cubism movement, his works are in the collections of the Whitney Museum of American Art, the Metropolitan Museum of Art and the Denver Art Museum, among others.

D.H. Lawrence

Inspired by the area and artists, D. H. Lawrence (1885-1930) painted while in Taos, signing his work "Lorenzo"; Nine of his paintings are displayed at La Fonda Hotel on the Taos Plaza.

Georgia O'Keeffe

A friend of D.H. Lawrence, Georgia O'Keeffe (1887-1986) began to spend summers with the Lawrences starting in 1930. O'Keeffe's inspiration led Lawrence to discover he had a talent for painting, too. She made iconic, colorful paintings of flowers and bones she collected during her walks through the desert. In 1940, she bought her first home in New Mexico. Her husband, Alfred Stieglitz, preferring to stay in New York, O'Keeffe spent much of the year with him. Upon his death in 1946, O'Keeffe moved permanently to her New Mexico home, in an area known as Ghost Ranch, in Abiquiu, (Ab-e-kew).

Rebecca Salsbury James

Rebecca Salsbury James (1891-1968) was largely a self-taught artist, although, after coming to Taos she was influenced by friend, Georgia O'Keeffe. She is most known for her work with reverse oils on glass and also worked in oils, pastels and a Spanish folk art form, colcha embroidery.

Nicolai Fechin

Like Lawrence, Russian artist Nicolai Fechin (1881–1955) suffered from tuberculosis and found Taos helpful for managing his health. In 1927, Fechin moved to Taos with his wife and daughter. For a time they lived with Luhan, but soon purchased an adobe home that was renovated into a beautiful, unusual home with Russian wood carvings, is now the Taos Art Museum.

Ansel Adams

Ansel Easton Adams (1902 – 1984) was a photographer, best known for his black-and-white photographs of the American West. In 1930 Taos Pueblo, Adams's second portfolio, was published. In New Mexico, he was introduced to notables from Alfred Stieglitz's circle, including painter Georgia O'Keeffe, artist John Marin, and photographer Paul Strand, all of whom created famous works during their stays in the Southwest.

Other early 20th century artists

Cordelia Wilson, an artist from Boulder, Colorado developed her skills as an artist motivated by latest trends in American realism led by Robert Henri. Her academic training emphasized development of an alla prima technique and painting out of doors, which inspired her to produce bold impasto works quickly. She started making road trips to New Mexico and became friends with painters in the Taos Society of Artists and the Santa Fe art colony. Her numerous expressive oil sketches and en plein air canvases of adobe dwellings and rugged landscapes caught the attention of art dealers.

Modern art

In the 1940s a group of artists, some able to study under the G.I. bill, came to Taos and influenced by European and American modern art. Without knowing the history of the local art colony, artists came from New York and San Francisco, centers for abstract painting that emerged after World War II. By the 1950s Taos had become on of the major centers for modern art in the country; The artists became known as the "Taos Moderns". Andrew Dasbug came to Taos and was a mentor to many of the new artists. Some of the emerging artists from this period include: Thomas Benrimo, his wife Beatrice Mandelman, Agnes Martin, Clay Spohn, and Edward Corbett (artist). Other visiting artists include Richard Diebenkorn, Mark Rothko, Ad Reinhardt, Clyfford Still and Morris Graves.

Like earlier artists, they portrayed the colorful New Mexican landscape and cultural influences, such as the "timelessness they perceived in Puebloan culture and the deep connection to the land they noted in the everyday life of both Native Americans and Hispanics influence experimentation and innovation in their own art." Rather than capturing realist images of people and the landscape, they sought to capture the true meaning of their subjects.

Until their recent deaths modern-day artists such as R. C. Gorman, Bill Rane and J.D. Challenger made Taos their home.

R. C. Gorman

R. C. Gorman (1931-2005) was an internationally renowned artist of the Navajo Nation, sometimes called the "Picasso" of the American Indian Arts. Even so, he was not accepted by the entire Taos art colony. Gorman opened "The Navajo Gallery in 1968 on historic Ledoux Street, the first art gallery owned by a Native American in the United States. It contained a large body of his work and those of some local Taos artists. Gorman was a collector of art, such as works by Eurpoean masters Picasso and Chagall, and local artists, such as Bill Rane, whose work Gorman identifed as his favorite of the artist colony.

Bill Rane

Bill Rane was an artist and Taos gallery owner. His gallery was located next to R. C. Gorman's gallery.

Other mid-20th century artists

Ouray Meyers

Ouray Meyers, a Taos artist, is the son of Ralph Meyers who was an artist, writer, and trader who was good friends with members of the Taos Society of Artists, such as Joseph Henry Sharp and W. Herbert Dunton; He was also a friend of Leon Gaspard, Nicolai Fechin, Dorothy Brett, and Georgia O'Keeffe. As a boy, Ralph Meyers met the artists who often visited his parent's home. Meyers developed his own unique style, influenced by the early Taos painters.

Organizations

Taos Art Association

In the 1950s a group of Taos artists decided to form the Taos Art Association (TAA). They purchase the Manby estate and turned the mansion into art galleries and in the gardens an outdoor community theater. In 2000 Taos Art Association (TAA) became the Taos Center for the Arts (TCA). It is the oldest non-profit arts organization in the state of New Mexico.

Taos Artist Organization

Taos Artist Organization is a group of 140+ artists living in Taos and working in a variety of creative media.

Taos Gallery Association

Taos has over 80 privately owned art galleries.

Taos Pueblo artists

Contemporary native artists of Taos Pueblo create handcrafted goods using methods passed down through generations of family artisans. Modern interpretation of traditional art is reflected in their sculpture, painting and jewelry. For centuries the Taos pueblo potters have been creating micaceous pottery; Now, the pottery is made with a high polish. Also produced on the pueblo are tanned buckskin moccasins and drums.

Museums

Harwood Museum of Art

The Harwood Museum of Art in Taos has a permanent collection of over 1,700 works of part and 17,000 photographic images. The collection of works from the 19th century to the present reflect the multicultural heritages and influences of the Taos artistic community. The categories of works include: Hispanic, Taos Society of Artists, Taos Moderns, Contemporary, and Prints, Drawings and Photographs.

Millicent Rogers Museum

The Millicent Rogers Museum is a collection of item of Southwestern Indian culture. Millicent Rogers was instrumental in the promotion of the Native American culture. The collections are made of works of art that include weavings, kachinas, pottery, baskets, tin work, and contemporary art. In the early 1980s the museum held works of the Hispanic art movement, the first major cultural organization in New Mexico to do so. Millicent's mother, Mary B. Rogers, was the benefactoress for much of the Pueblo Indian works.

Paintings by Pueblo artists Albert Looking Elk (Martinez), Albert Lujan, Juan Mirabal, Juanito Concha and the works of other Pueblo artists are included in the Museum's collection.

Taos Art Museum

The Taos Art Museum and Nicolai Fechin House is largely a collection of paintings by full and associte members of the Taos Society of Artists. It is housed in the former home and studio of artist Nicolai Fechin.

References

1. "About". Taos Pueblo. Retrieved 2011-05-30.
2. Flynn (1994), p. 36. Made when Naumer documented scenes in Bandelier National Monument and nearby pueblos.
3. ^ "Artists of the Taos Pueblo". Taos Pueblo. Retrieved 2011-05-29.
4. Witt, D (2003). "Three Taos Pueblo Painters". Traditional Fine Art Online, Inc. Retrieved 2011-05-30.
5. "J. Suazo Dubray". Through the Eyes of the Pot, Artists. L. D. Holmes Museum. Retrieved 2011. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |accessdate= (help)
6. Anderson, D (1999). All That Glitters: The Emergence of Native American Micaceous Art Pottery in Northern New Mexico. School of American Research Press. p. 62.
7. Lester, 443.
8. Farris, 13.
9. ^ "Hispanic". Collections. Harwood Museum of Art. Retrieved 2011. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |accessdate= (help)
10. "Art History, The Taos valley has been a bed of creativity for centuries". Art of Taos. Taos Vacation Guide. Retrieved 2011-05-31.
11. ^ Bleiler, 75.
12. Hassrick, P; Cunningham, E; Blumenschein, E, 31.
13. Whaley, Bill; Stiny, Andy. "Reconsidering Art in Taos; Bert Phillips" in Taos Horse Fly, February 17, 2009.
14. Luhan, 120, 291.
15. ^ "Mabel Dodge Luhan House in Taos NM, Legendary connections have happened in this house". Collector's Guide. 1995-2011. Retrieved 2011. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |accessdate= (help)
16. ^ "Taos as an Art Colony: From the Taos Society of Artists to the Present". Taos. Taos Unlimited. 2006–2011. Retrieved 2011-05-31.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: date format (link)
17. Corley, Eri. "A Finding Aid to the Andrew Dasburg and Grace Mott Johnson Papers, 1833-1980 (bulk 1900-1980)". Archives of American Art. Smithsonian Institution.
18. Zimmer, William (October 27, 1996). "Mexico, Both Sides of the Border, From the Century's First Half". The New York Times. Retrieved October 30, 2007" Andrew Dasburg worked with the idea that New Mexican towns and villages, with their arrangements of box-like buildings, constituted a kind of Cubism in the flesh. His Taos Houses (New Mexican Village) is a good example of this."{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: postscript (link)
19. ^ "Taos Moderns". Collections. Harwood Museum of Art. Retrieved 2011-05-29.
20. "Andrew Dasburg, Cubist Painter, Dies". New York Times. August 14, 1979. Retrieved 2007-09-25. Andrew Dasburg, a painter who was said to be the last survivor of the artists who contributed work to the Armory show of 1913, died yesterday in Taos, N.M. He was 92 years old.
21. "Georgia O'Keefe". Taos Art Colony. Taos Unlimited. Retrieved 2011. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |accessdate= (help)
22. "February 20 - June 06, 2010, Rebecca Salsbury James: Paintings and Colchas". Exhibitions. Harwood Museum. Retrieved 2011. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |accessdate= (help)
23. Alinder, 73-74
24. "Cordelia Creigh Wilson". Steve Art Gallery LLC. Retrieved 2011-05-31.
25. Walter, P, ed. (1918). El Palacio. Vol. 5. Santa Fe: Museum of New Mexico, Archaeological Society of New Mexico, School of American Research (Santa Fe, N.M.). p. 90-91.
26. ^ "Bill Rane & R.C. Gorman". Bill Rane Story. A j P Global Enterprises, Inc. 2007–2008. Retrieved 2011-05-31.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: date format (link)
27. "Navajo Gallery, The Gallery". Navajo Gallery. Retrieved 2011-05-31.
28. "Taos Center for the Arts, History". About the TCA. Taos Center for the Arts. Retrieved 2011-05-29.
29. "Taos Artist Organization". Taos Artist Organization. 2011. Retrieved 2011-05-29.
30. "Taos Gallery Association Members". Taosgalleryassoc.com. Taos Gallery Association. Retrieved 2011-05-29.
31. "Collections". Harwood Museum of Art. Retrieved 2011-05-29.
32. "Millicent Rogers". Millicent Rogers Museum. Retrieved 2011-05-29.
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Bibliography

• Alinder, Mary; Stillman, Andrea; Adams, Ansel; Stegner, Wallace (1988). Ansel Adams: Letters and Images 1916–1984. Boston: Little, Brown. ISBN 0821216910.
• Bleiler, L; Society of the Muse of the Southwest (2011). Taos. Images of America. Charleston: Arcadia Publishing. p. 75. ISBN 978-0-7385-7959-7.
• Farris, P, ed (1999). Women Artists of Color: A Bio-critical Sourcebook to 20th century Artists in the Americas. Westport: Greenwood Press. p. 13. ISBN 0-313-30374-6.
• Flynn, Kathryn A. (1994). Treasures on New Mexico trails: discover New Deal art and architecture. Sunstone Press. ISBN 978-0865342361.
• Hassrick, P; Cunningham, E; Blumenschein, E (2008). In Contemporary Rhythm: The Art of Ernest L. Blumenschein. University of Oklahoma Press. p. 31. ISBN 978-0-8061-3937-1.
• Lester, Patrick D. The Biographical Directory of Native American Painters. Norman and London: The Oklahoma University Press, 1995. ISBN 0806199369.
• Luhan, M (1987) . Edge of Taos Desert: An Escape to Reality. University of New Mexico Press. p. 120. ISBN 0-8263-0971-2.

Further reading

• Dick, R. H. My Time There: The Art Colonies of Santa Fe & Taos, New Mexico, 1956-2006. St. Louis Mercantile Library, 2007. ISBN 9780963980489
• Schimmel, Julie; White, Robert R. Bert Geer Phillips and the Taos Art Colony. Univ of New Mexico Press; 1st edition (June 1994). ISBN 0826314449
• Shipp, Steve. American Art Colonies, 1850-1930: A Historical Guide to America's Original Art Colonies and Their Artists. Greenwood Press, 1996. ISBN 0313296197
• Witt, David L. Modernists in Taos: From Dasburg to Martin. Red Crane Books, 2002. ISBN 978-1878610782

External links

• Taos as an Art Colony: From the Taos Society of Artists to the Present
• Taos Pre 1940
• Taos Society of Artists: 1915 - 1927

• Artist groups and collectives
• History of Taos, New Mexico
• People from Taos County, New Mexico
• Native American artists
• Taos Pueblo artists
• Native American painters
• Artists from New Mexico
• Archives of American Art related