Misplaced Pages

2012 Summer Olympics: Difference between revisions

Article snapshot taken from Wikipedia with creative commons attribution-sharealike license. Give it a read and then ask your questions in the chat. We can research this topic together.
Browse history interactively← Previous editNext edit →Content deleted Content addedVisualWikitext
Revision as of 04:56, 12 August 2011 editMusicGeek101 (talk | contribs)6,718 editsNo edit summary← Previous edit Revision as of 05:01, 12 August 2011 edit undoMusicGeek101 (talk | contribs)6,718 edits →Since the 2005 bidNext edit →
Line 71: Line 71:
The ] (GOE), a unit within the ] (DCMS), is the lead Government body for coordinating the London 2012 Olympics. The GOE reports through the DCMS Permanent Secretary to the Minister for Sports and the Olympics, ]. It focuses on oversight of the Games, cross-programme programme management and the ] before and after the Games that will benefit London and the UK. The ] (GOE), a unit within the ] (DCMS), is the lead Government body for coordinating the London 2012 Olympics. The GOE reports through the DCMS Permanent Secretary to the Minister for Sports and the Olympics, ]. It focuses on oversight of the Games, cross-programme programme management and the ] before and after the Games that will benefit London and the UK.


In August 2011, some security concerns arose surrounding the hosting of the Olympic Games in London,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nytimes.com/2011/08/10/sports/london-rioting-prompts-fears-over-soccer-matches-and-the-olympics.html|title=London Rioting Prompts Fears Over Soccer and Olympics|date=9 August 2011|accessdate=11 August 2011}}</ref> due to the ], with a few countries expressing fear over the safety of the Games,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/crime/8690809/London-riots-China-raises-questions-over-safety-of-2012-Olympic-Games.html|title=London riots: China raises questions over safety of 2012 Olympic Games|date=9 August 2011|accessdate=11 August 2011}}</ref> in spite of the ]'s assurance that the riots will not affect the Games.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.guardian.co.uk/sport/2011/aug/09/london-riots-2012-olympics|title=London riots will not affect 2012 Olympic security, says IOC|date=9 August 2011|accessdate=11 August 2011}}</ref> In August 2011, some security concerns arose surrounding the hosting of the Olympic Games in London,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nytimes.com/2011/08/10/sports/london-rioting-prompts-fears-over-soccer-matches-and-the-olympics.html|title=London Rioting Prompts Fears Over Soccer and Olympics|date=9 August 2011|accessdate=11 August 2011}}</ref> due to the ], with a few countries expressing fear over the safety of the Games,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/crime/8690809/London-riots-China-raises-questions-over-safety-of-2012-Olympic-Games.html|title=London riots: China raises questions over safety of 2012 Olympic Games|date=9 August 2011|accessdate=11 August 2011}}</ref> in spite of the ]'s assurance that the riots will not affect the Games.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.guardian.co.uk/sport/2011/aug/09/london-riots-2012-olympics|title=London riots will not affect 2012 Olympic security, says IOC|date=9 August 2011|accessdate=11 August 2011}}</ref>


===Venues and infrastructure=== ===Venues and infrastructure===

Revision as of 05:01, 12 August 2011

"2012 Olympics" redirects here. For the Winter Youth Olympics, see 2012 Winter Youth Olympics. "London 2012" redirects here. For the 2012 Paralympic Games, see 2012 Summer Paralympics.
Olympic rings
Part of a series on
2012 Summer Olympics
A London 2012 Olympics banner at The Monument in London.

The 2012 Summer Olympic Games, officially known as the Games of the XXX Olympiad, are scheduled to take place in London, United Kingdom, from 27 July to 12 August 2012. London will become the first city to officially host the modern Olympic Games three times, having previously done so in 1908 and in 1948.

London was elected as the host city on 6 July 2005 during the 117th IOC Session in Singapore, defeating Moscow, New York City, Madrid and Paris after four rounds of voting. The successful bid was headed by former Olympic champion Sebastian Coe.

The Olympics prompted a redevelopment of many of the areas of London in which the games are to be held – particularly themed towards sustainability – while the budgetary considerations have generated some criticism.

Bidding process

Main article: Bids for the 2012 Summer Olympics

By the bid submission deadline of 15 July 2003, nine cities had submitted bids to host the 2012 Olympics. These cities were Havana, Istanbul, Leipzig, London, Madrid, Moscow, New York, Paris and Rio de Janeiro.

On 18 May 2004, the International Olympic Committee (IOC), as a result of a scored technical evaluation, reduced the number of cities to five: London, Madrid, Moscow, New York, and Paris.

By 19 November 2004, all five candidate cities had submitted their candidate file to the International Olympic Committee. The IOC inspection team visited the five candidate cities during February and March 2005. The Paris bid suffered two setbacks during the IOC inspection visit: a number of strikes and demonstrations coinciding with the visits and a report coming out that Guy Drut, one of the key members of the Paris bid team and IOC member, would face charges over alleged corrupt party political finances.

On 6 June 2005, the International Olympic Committee released its evaluation reports for the five candidate cities. Although these reports did not contain any scores or rankings, the evaluation report for Paris was considered the most positive, now followed closely by London which had narrowed down most of the gap observed by the initial evaluation in 2004 regarding Paris. Also New York and Madrid obtained very positive evaluation reports.

Throughout the process and up to the vote at the 117th IOC Session, Paris was widely seen as the favourite to win the nomination, particularly as this was its third bid in recent history. Originally London was seen lagging Paris by considerable margin; however, this started to improve with the appointment of Sebastian Coe as new head of London 2012 on 19 May 2004. In late August 2004, some reports started emerging predicting a London and Paris tie in the 2012 bid. In the final run-up to the 117th IOC Session, London and Paris appeared to be increasingly in a neck-and-neck race. On 1 July 2005, Jacques Rogge, when asked who the winner would be, told the assembled press: "I cannot predict it since I don't know how the IOC members will vote. But my gut feeling tells me that it will be very close. Perhaps it will come down to a difference of say ten votes, or maybe less".

On 6 July 2005, the final selection was announced at the Raffles City Convention Centre in Singapore, where the 117th IOC Session was held. Here Prime Minister of the United Kingdom Tony Blair was the only leader of the five candidate cities' countries to make a personal lobby (he had also been the only one to attend the 2004 Olympics). Moscow was the first city to be eliminated, followed by New York and Madrid. The final two cities left in contention were London and Paris. At the end of the fourth round of voting, London won the right to host the 2012 Games with 54 votes, defeating Paris's 50. Various French publications blamed the Paris loss on French President Jacques Chirac's statements before the vote that "We can't trust people who have such bad food. After Finland, it's the country with the worst food." Two current members of the International Olympic Committee are from Finland. Several other news sources cited Bertrand Delanoë's complaint regarding Tony Blair's secret late night meetings with numerous (African) IOC representatives as having a more significant impact on final vote. When reporting London's win, British media covered the expectant crowds in both France and Britain (and in the other bid cities), and contrasted the jubilant reaction in London to the reaction of the crowd in Paris, where many had gathered in hope of a French win. However, the celebrations in London were overshadowed when London's transport system was attacked by terrorists less than 24 hours after the announcement.

In December 2005, it was alleged by Alex Gilady, a senior IOC official, that London had won the right to host the Olympics only because of a voting error. A London 2012 spokesman dismissed this, saying "At the end of the day, it was a secret ballot. This is the opinion of one individual. The result is what matters and we are not going to be drawn into speculation."

2012 Summer Olympics bidding results
City NOC Round 1 Round 2 Round 3 Round 4
London  United Kingdom 22 27 39 54
Paris  France 21 25 33 50
Madrid  Spain 20 32 31 —
New York City  United States 19 16 — —
Moscow  Russia 15 — — —

Development and preparation

Since the 2005 bid

Main article: 2012 Summer Olympic development

The London Organising Committee for the Olympic Games was created to oversee the staging of the Games after the success of the bid, and held their first board meeting on 7 October 2005. The committee, chaired by Lord Coe, is in charge of implementing and staging the games, while the Olympic Delivery Authority (ODA) is in charge of the construction of the venues and infrastructure.

The Government Olympic Executive (GOE), a unit within the Department for Culture, Media and Sport (DCMS), is the lead Government body for coordinating the London 2012 Olympics. The GOE reports through the DCMS Permanent Secretary to the Minister for Sports and the Olympics, Hugh Robertson. It focuses on oversight of the Games, cross-programme programme management and the London 2012 Olympic Legacy before and after the Games that will benefit London and the UK.

In August 2011, some security concerns arose surrounding the hosting of the Olympic Games in London, due to the 2011 England riots, with a few countries expressing fear over the safety of the Games, in spite of the International Olympic Committee's assurance that the riots will not affect the Games.

Venues and infrastructure

Main article: Venues of the 2012 Summer Olympics and Paralympics
Olympic Stadium in June 2011

The 2012 Olympic and Paralympic Games will use a mixture of new venues, existing and historic facilities, and temporary facilities, some of them in well-known locations such as Hyde Park and Horse Guards Parade. In the wake of the problems that plagued the Millennium Dome, the organisers' intention is that there will be no white elephants after the Games and instead that a "2012 legacy" will be delivered. Some of the new facilities will be reused in their Olympic form, while others, including the 80,000 seater main stadium, will be reduced in size or relocated elsewhere in the UK. The plans are part of the regeneration of Stratford in east London which will be the site of the Olympic Park, and of the neighbouring Lower Lea Valley.

This has required the compulsory purchase of some business properties, which are being demolished to make way for Olympic venues and infrastructure improvements. This has caused some controversy, with some of the affected proprietors claiming that the compensation offered is inadequate. In addition, concerns about the development's potential impact on the future of the century-old Manor Garden Allotments have inspired a community campaign, and the demolition of the Clays Lane housing estate was opposed by tenants, as is that of Carpenters Estate.

The majority of venues have been divided into three zones within Greater London: the Olympic Zone, the River Zone and the Central Zone. In addition to these are those venues that, by necessity, are outside the boundaries of Greater London, such as the Weymouth and Portland National Sailing Academy on the Isle of Portland in Dorset which will host the sailing events, some 125 miles (200 km) southwest of the Olympic Park. The football tournament will be staged at several grounds around the UK.

Public transport

The Olympic Javelin service

London's public transport was an element of the bid which was scored poorly in the IOC's initial evaluation. Transport for London (TfL) are carrying out numerous improvements in preparation for 2012, including the expansion of the London Overground's East London Line, upgrades to the Docklands Light Railway and the North London Line, and the introduction of a new "Javelin" high-speed rail service, using the Hitachi Corporation's "bullet" trains.

TfL also propose the construction of a £25 million cable car across the River Thames, the "Thames Gateway Cable Car", to link 2012 Olympics venues. It will cross the Thames river between Greenwich Peninsula and the Royal Docks, carrying up to 2,500 passengers an hour 50 metres in the air. It is designed to cut journey times between the O2 arena and the ExCel exhibition centre – both of which are Olympic locations. The privately-funded system could provide a crossing every 30 seconds.

They also plan to have 80% of athletes travel less than 20 minutes to their event. This Park would be served by ten separate railway lines with a combined capacity of 240,000 passengers per hour. Park-and-ride plans are also among the many plans aimed at reducing road traffic levels during the games.

A London Underground train decorated to promote London's Olympic bid – this coincided with plans for investment in the city's public transport network

Concerns have been expressed at the logistics of spectators traveling to the events scheduled for outside of London. In particular, the sailing events at Portland are in an area with no direct motorway connection, and with local roads that are heavily congested by existing tourist traffic in the summer. There is also only limited scope for extra services on the South Western Main Line beyond Southampton, without new infrastructure. The Olympic Games' organisers say that having analyzed past Olympic sailing events, they would expect fewer spectators than have attended recent events such as the Carnival and Tall Ships Race, this despite the United Kingdom being at the top of the sailing medal table at the previous three Olympic Games.

In January 2010 the South East England regional transport board criticised plans published by the Olympics Development Authority for not providing plans of a credible long term coach network saying "The ODA has been working on an extensive network of coach services... the lack of reference to this work is both intriguing and at the same time concerning." On 15 February 2010, the ODA announced that FirstGroup was the preferred bidder for the provision of bus and coach services for the games. This will involve the provision of venue shuttle and park and ride services, services connecting peripheral park and ride sites on the M25 with the Olympic Park and Ebbsfleet, and a nationwide network of express coaches to the Olympic Park, and the Weymouth and Portland sailing venue. The services will require around 900 vehicles in total, although some will be sub-contracted.

Financing

The costs of mounting the Games are separate from those for building the venues and infrastructure, and redeveloping the land for the Olympic Park. While the Games are privately funded, the venues and Park costs are met largely by public money.

On 15 March 2007 Tessa Jowell announced to the House of Commons a budget of £5.3 billion to cover building the venues and infrastructure for the Games, at the same time announcing the wider regeneration budget for the Lower Lea Valley budget at £1.7 billion.

On top of this, she announced various other costs including an overall additional contingency fund of £2.7 billion, security and policing costs of £600 million, VAT of £800 million and elite sport and Paralympic funding of nearly £400 million. According to these figures, the total for the Games and the regeneration of the East London area, is £9.345 billion. Then Mayor Ken Livingstone pledged the Games Organising Committee would make a profit.

The costs for staging the Games (£2 billion) are funded from the private sector by a combination of sponsorship, merchandising, ticketing and broadcast rights. This budget is raised and managed by the London 2012 Organising Committee. According to Games organisers, the funding for this budget broadly breaks down as:

On 18 August 2007 The Belfast Telegraph reported that jubilation over winning the right to stage the Olympic Games was becoming more muted as realisation dawns on the public of the enormous costs involved in creating facilities for the athletes. Grassroot sport cuts will fund the Olympics, government figures suggested on 19 August 2007.

In November 2007, Edward Leigh MP, criticised the organisers for significantly under-estimating the cost of staging the games, suggesting they had either "acted in bad faith or were incompetent".

On 10 December 2007 Tessa Jowell announced confirmation of the budget announced earlier in 2007. In June 2007, the Ministerial Funders’ Group (established to manage the allocation of contingency to the ODA within the overall budget) met and agreed a first allocation of contingency to the ODA, being £360 million out of the £500 million of initial contingency announced in March, to enable the ODA to manage early cost pressures.

Following its second meeting on 26 November 2007, the Funders’ Group has now agreed a baseline budget and scope proposed by the ODA. The total budgeted base cost to be met by the public sector funding package remains at £6.090 billion including tax and excluding general programme contingency as announced in March. This includes the allocation to the ODA of the remaining £140 million from the initial £500 million contingency announced in March.

There have, however, been concerns over how the Olympics are to be funded. In February 2008, a London Assembly culture and sport committee report expressed concerns over the funding of the games taking away money from London's sports and arts groups. There have also been complaints that funding towards the Olympics has been to the detriment of funding other areas of the UK. In Wales, there has been criticism from Plaid Cymru about the games depriving Wales of money, by using UK-wide funding rather than English funding. The Wales on Sunday newspaper claimed former UK Prime Minister Tony Blair broke his promise to not use National Lottery funding for the Olympic games.

As at December 2009, the Delivery Authority had allocated £702 million of Programme and Funders’ contingency, largely to cover the decisions to publicly fund the Village and Media Centre after it became clear private funding could not be secured on acceptable terms during the 2008 to 2010 economic crisis. According to the Government Olympic Executive and Olympic Delivery Authority risk assessments the remaining £1,270 million contingency is sufficient to manage risks to the Delivery Authority’s programme.

Also from May 2010, the Olympic budget will be cut by £27 million as part of the £6.2 billion cuts by the new Conservative-Liberal coalition government.

On 19 July 2011, Hugh Robertson, Sports & Olympic Minister,revealed that he expected the project to be delivered on time and under budget. "With one year to go to London 2012, the Games construction is 88 per cent complete and ahead of time and under budget. That is an extraordinary thing for a Government Minister to be able to say a year out from the Games."

Partners

To help fund the cost of staging the games the London Olympic organisers have agreed partnership deals with major companies.

Domestic Tier One Partners: Adidas, BMW, BP, British Airways, BT, EDF Energy and Lloyds TSB.

Domestic Tier Two Supporters: Adecco, ArcelorMittal, Cadbury, Cisco, Deloitte, Thomas Cook Group and UPS.

There are now twenty-five domestic Tier Three Suppliers and Providers – Aggreko, Airwave, Atkins, Boston Consulting Group, CBS Outdoor, Crystal CG, Eurostar, Freshfields Bruckhaus Deringer LLP, G4S, GSK, Gymnova, Heineken UK, Holiday Inn, John Lewis, McCann Worldgroup, Mondo, Next, The Nielsen Company, Populous, Rapiscan Systems, Rio Tinto, Technogym, Thames Water, Ticketmaster and Trebor.

In addition there are eleven Worldwide Olympic Partner Programme (TOP) companies signed up for London 2012: Coca-Cola, Acer, Atos Origin, Dow Chemical Company, GE, McDonald’s, Omega, Panasonic, Procter and Gamble, Samsung and Visa.

Ticketing

Organisers estimate that some 8 million tickets would be available for the Olympic Games, and 1.5 million tickets for the Paralympic Games. Ticket sign-up was launched on 22 March 2010 and the application website was opened on 15 March 2011 until 26 April 2011. Ticket prices range from £20 for many events to £2,012 for the most expensive seats at the opening ceremony. Ticket allocations for oversubscribed events will be decided by a random ballot. The London Organising Committee of the Olympic Games and Paralympic Games (LOGOC) have admitted that further tickets, up to one million, will be will released later in 2011 for events that have failed to sell out in the initial allocation. The second round of ticket sales has been earmarked for June - July 2011 and priority will be given to those who were unsuccessful in the first allocation process. To reduce traffic, ticket holders will be entitled to free use of London's public transportation network on the day of the event. It is estimated that 82% of available Olympic tickets and 63% of Paralympic tickets will be sold. LOCOG aims to raise £375–£400 million in ticket sales. There will also be free events: for example, the marathon, triathlon and road cycling. Tickets for London Prepares, the Olympic test events, started to go on sale in May 2011.

Countdown

Countdown clock in Trafalgar Square

A digital clock, located in Trafalgar Square, commenced a countdown to the opening ceremony on 14 March 2011. However, less than 24 hours after it was switched on, it suffered a technical failure, and stopped—displaying "500 (days) 7 (hours) 06 (minutes) 56 (seconds)." It was quickly repaired.

Hospitality

The only way to buy official on-site hospitality packages will be through the London 2012 Prestige Ticketing programme. The London Organising Committee of the Olympic Games and Paralympic Games (LOCOG) has appointed Prestige Ticketing Limited to exclusively operate the London 2012 Prestige Ticketing programme. Official hospitality packages will only be available to buy from Prestige Ticketing Ltd by UK or EEA companies and residents from spring 2011. The Prestige Ticketing programme provides exclusive access to the official London 2012 on-site hospitality packages including top-category tickets, fine dining and entertainment at the Olympic and Paralympic Games venues.

Scheduling issues

Some representatives of Muslim countries have complained that the 2012 Olympic Games will take place during the month of Ramadan, which in 2012 occurs from 20 July to 19 August. During Ramadan, Muslims are to fast from sunrise to sunset, which may put Muslim athletes at a disadvantage during the Games. Some Muslims have called for the Olympics to be rescheduled outside this period.

Logo

There have been two London 2012 logos: one for the bidding process created by Kino Design and a second as the brand for the Games themselves. The former is a ribbon with blue, yellow, black, green, and red stripes winding through the text "LONDON 2012," making the shape of the River Thames in East London. The latter, designed by Wolff Olins, was unveiled on 4 June 2007 and cost £400,000. This new logo is a representation of the number 2012, with the Olympic Rings embedded within the zero.

The Paralympics logo (far left) and the different official colour combinations for the Wolff Olins main logo design

This will be the first time that the same essential logo is to be used for both the Olympic and Paralympic games.

The standard colours are green, magenta, orange and blue; however the logo has incorporated a variety of colours, including the Union Flag to promote the handover ceremony. The flexibility of the logo has also enabled sponsors to incorporate their corporate colours into a personalised version, such as Lloyds TSB, British Airways, and Adidas.

London 2012 has stated that the new logo is aimed at reaching young people. Sebastian Coe stated that it builds upon everything that the organising committee has said "about reaching out and engaging young people, which is where our challenge is over the next five years." One observer, a managing director of an advertising agency, noted that the logo bore a strong resemblance to the logo for the 1974–1982 children's television programme Tiswas, commenting that appealing to young people is difficult, and that they will see right through attempts to patronise them.

Early public reaction to the logo, as measured by a poll on the BBC website, was largely negative: more than 80% of votes gave the logo the lowest possible rating. Several newspapers have run their own logo competitions, displaying alternative submissions from their readers. The Sun displayed a design by a macaque monkey. It was suggested that the logo resembles the cartoon character Lisa Simpson performing fellatio and others have complained that it looks like a distorted Swastika. In February 2011, Iran complained that the logo appeared to spell out the word "Zion" and threatened to boycott the Olympics. Iran submitted its complaint to the International Olympic Committee, describing the logo as "racist", asking that it be withdrawn and the designers be "confronted". The IOC "quietly" rejected the demands, and Iran announced it would not boycott the Games.

A segment of animated footage released at the same time as the logo was reported to trigger seizures in a small number of people with photosensitive epilepsy. The charity Epilepsy Action received telephone calls from people who had had seizures after watching the sequence on TV. In response, a short segment was removed from the London 2012 website. Ken Livingstone, then London Mayor, said that the company who designed the film should not be paid for what he called a "catastrophic mistake."

A blogger at the BBC said that "London 2012's new logo has got the country talking not in the manner the organisers would have hoped." One employee at a design firm described it as "well thought out" and anticipated it would "become a source of pride for London and the Games."

In October 2008, it was reported that clothing branded with the logo accounted for 20% of sales at Adidas' flagship Oxford Street store, despite occupying just 5% of floor space.

Mascots

Main article: Wenlock and Mandeville
File:London 2012 Mascots.png
Wenlock and Mandeville

The official mascots for the 2012 Summer Olympic and Paralympic Games were unveiled on 19 May 2010; this marks the second time (after Vancouver) that both Olympic and Paralympic mascots were unveiled at the same time. Wenlock and Mandeville are animations depicting two drops of steel from a steelworks in Bolton. They are named Wenlock, after the Shropshire town of Much Wenlock, which held a forerunner of the current Olympic Games, and Mandeville, after Stoke Mandeville, a village in Buckinghamshire where a forerunner to the Paralympic Games were first held. The writer Michael Morpurgo wrote the story concept to the mascots, and an animation was produced; it is intended that this will form part of an ongoing series concerning the mascots in the run-up to the Games in 2012. Two stories have been created about the mascots: Out Of A Rainbow, the story of how Wenlock and Mandeville came to be, and Adventures On A Rainbow, which features the children from Out Of A Rainbow meeting the mascots and trying out many different Olympic and Paralympic sports.

Handover ceremony

Main article: 2008 Summer Olympics closing ceremony

The handover ceremony marked the moment when the previous games in Beijing in 2008 handed over the Olympic Flag to the new host city of London. Mayor of London Boris Johnson received the flag from Mayor of Beijing Guo Jinlong, on behalf of London. The handover ceremony featured the urban dance group ZooNation, the Royal Ballet and Candoco, a disabled dance group, all dressed as typical London commuters waiting for a bus by a zebra crossing. A double-decker bus drove around the stadium to music composed by Philip Sheppard eventually stopping and transforming into a privet hedge featuring famous London landmarks such as Tower Bridge, The Gherkin and the London Eye. Jimmy Page and Leona Lewis then performed the Led Zeppelin classic Whole Lotta Love and David Beckham kicked a football into the crowd of athletes accompanied by violinist Elspeth Hanson and cellist Kwesi Edman.

For the London 2012 Games, 'Take Up The Challenge' is the leading contender to be the music that will inspire a new generation of athletes. The anthem was composed by Rob Cremona, an Anglo-Maltese trumpeter and multi-instrumentalist from Woking in Surrey. Meanwhile, the handover has been celebrated in a UK-wide series of events. The BBC broadcast "The Visa London 2012 Party" on BBC One and Radio 2, the free concert on The Mall in central London had 40,000 tickets available. In nations and regions around the UK there were live screens that showed the activities from Beijing, the Closing Ceremony and then the concert itself. Local communities around the UK also hosted their own events.

The Games

Participating nations

Athletes from 204 NOCs are expected to participate. The Netherlands Antilles Olympic Committee, which had planned to continue functioning after the dissolution of the Netherlands Antilles, had its membership withdrawn by the IOC Executive Committee at the IOC session of June 2011. However, Dutch Antillean athletes who qualify for the 2012 Olympics will be allowed to participate independently under the Olympic flag. Listed below are NOCs who have qualified at least one athlete. As of 9 August 2011, 125 nations have qualified at least one athlete. Template:Multicol

| class="col-break " |

| class="col-break " |

|}

Sports

See also: Category:2012 Summer Olympics events

The 2012 Summer Olympic programme features 26 sports and a total of 38 disciplines. The 2012 Paralympic Games programme has 20 sports and 21 disciplines. London's bid featured 28 sports, in line with other recent Summer Olympics, but the IOC voted to drop baseball and softball from the 2012 Games two days after it selected London as the host city. The IOC reinforced its decision to drop both sports during the 2006 Winter Olympics after they lost votes for reconsideration. They will remain Olympic sports, despite being scheduled for the last time at Beijing in 2008. Following the decision to drop the two sports, the IOC held a vote on whether or not to replace them. The sports considered were karate, squash, golf, roller sports, and rugby sevens. Karate and squash were the two final nominees, but neither received enough votes to reach the required two-thirds majority. The IOC has given the approval for the addition of golf and rugby sevens for the 2016 games.

The International Olympic Committee executive board met on 13 August 2009 and approved the addition of women's boxing to the programme. The International Boxing Federation has proposed that 40 athletes compete in five different weight classes.

Murad Qureshi, a member of the London Assembly, is pushing for a Twenty20 cricket showcase tournament to be included in London. Twenty20 cricket did originally bid for inclusion in 2012, but was not one of the finalist sports. Netball is being drafted as a possible demonstration sport at the 2012 games. This idea was backed by then British prime minister Gordon Brown, suggesting that it would encourage more girls and young women to play sports. The IOC eliminated demonstration sports following the 1992 Summer Olympics. However, special tournaments have been run for non-Olympic sports during the games, such as the Wushu tournament at the 2008 Summer Olympics. There has been speculation that the London Sevens tournament held at Twickenham as part of the IRB Sevens World Series could be put back to coincide with the Olympics.

Following the awarding of the 2012 Olympic Games to London, the government announced that special dispensation would be granted to allow the various shooting events to go ahead, as had been the case previously for the 2002 Commonwealth Games.

Calendar

As of 15 October 2010, this was the schedule of events for the 2012 Summer Olympics. The final official schedule was released on 15 February 2011. Template:2012 Summer Olympics calendar

Broadcasting

Main article: List of 2012 Summer Olympics broadcasters
The International Broadcast Centre in June 2011

The London 2012 Olympic Games will be the tenth Olympic Games where Panasonic's digital technologies will be used as the official recording format, dating since the Barcelona 1992 Olympic Games. The official international video will be produced and distributed from the International Broadcast Centre (IBC) in London Olympic Park, in 1080/50i High-Definition (HD) format. Panasonic announced that DVCPRO HD will be the official recording format for capturing the Games. Olympic Broadcasting Services London (OBSL), the Host Broadcaster, will use P2 HD series equipment to support the broadcast of the competition. The cameras that will be used are the AG-HPX250, the company’s first P2 HD handheld camcorder with AVC-Intra recording and two new AVCCAM HD handheld camcorders, the AG-AC160 and AG-AC130, with Full HD imagers and a new, wider 21X HD zoom lens.

Continuing the IOC's commitment to providing over-the-air television coverage to as broad a worldwide audience as possible, London 2012 is scheduled to be broadcast by a number of regional broadcasters. The British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC) is the home broadcaster for the Olympics and Channel 4 the home broadcaster for the Paralympics. The BBC aims to broadcast by various channels all 5,000 hours of the Olympic Games. Much of the actual broadcasting is originated by the Olympic Broadcasting Services (OBS). The United States television rights currently owned by NBC account for over half the rights revenue for the IOC. Many television broadcasters granted rights to the games have bureaux and studios in London, but since at least the 1988 Olympic Winter Games in Calgary, rights-holder operations are hosted in the dedicated International Broadcast Centre (IBC). London's IBC is planned to be inside the security cordon of the Olympic Park.

Social media will be important for the Games. Online technology is being developed for the London 2012 Olympics and YouTube will stream highlights of the Games to countries all over the world as part of an IOC deal.

Olympic flag

The flag was raised outside City Hall on Friday, 26 September 2008 to celebrate the start of the cultural Olympiad. The flag will continue to fly outside City Hall until the day of the Olympic opening ceremony. On the same day, the Paralympic flag was raised outside City Hall.

Eco-policy

The Olympic Park will incorporate 45 hectares of wildlife habitat, with a total of 525 bird boxes, and 150 bat boxes. Local waterways and riverbanks are to be enhanced as part of the process.

Renewable energy will also feature at the Olympics. It was originally planned to provide 20% of the energy for the Olympic Park and Village from renewable technologies; however, this may now be as little as 9%. Proposals to meet the original target included large-scale on-site wind turbines and hydroelectric generators in the River Thames. However, these plans were scrapped for safety reasons. The focus has since moved to installing solar panels on some buildings, and providing the opportunity to recover energy from waste.

Food packaging at the Olympics will be made from compostable materials – like starch and cellulose-based bioplastics – where it can't be re-used or re-cycled. This will include fast food wrappers, sandwich boxes and drink cartons. After they’ve been used many of these materials will be suitable for anaerobic digestion (AD), allowing them to be made into renewable energy.

Tourism and the 2012 Games

Kate Hoey MP at the launch of Blue Badge 2012 Guided Walks

The 2012 Games park near Stratford is attracting new tourists to the area. The upgraded Greenway cycle and walking path provides an ideal viewing point for the park while the site remains closed to the public.

There are daily public walking tours running alongside the 2012 site led by qualified Blue Badge tourist guides. The guided walks – which leave from Bromley-by-Bow tube station at 11 am – are attended by over 1000 people each month. They are run by guides who are specifically trained to talk about the 2012 Games and the history and traditions of the local area.

In 2010 Blue Badge Guides led 220 visits from colleges and schools to the 2012 Games site and nearby Olympic venues. During summer they guided over 1000 new visitors and tourists a day around East London’s 2012 sites.

In 2011 a new initiative to bring tourists and visitors into the area will involve a public waterbus ‘hop-on hop-off’ route, from Limehouse Basin to waterways near the Olympic Park.

Cultural Olympiad

The Olympic Charter, the set of rules and guidelines for the organization of the Olympic Games and the governing the Olympic Movement states that

"The OCOG shall organise a programme of cultural events which must cover at least the entire period during which the Olympic Village is open."

London's Cultural Olympiad includes 500 events spread over four years and culminating in the London 2012 Festival. The cost of the events is around £40 million and funding has been provided by Arts Council England, Legacy Trust UK and the Olympic Lottery Distributor.

Those announced as being involved in the festival, which will run from 21 June to 9 September 2012, include Oscar winning actress Cate Blanchett, director Mike Leigh, musician Damon Albarn and artists including David Hockney, Lucian Freud and Rachel Whiteread.

See also

References

  1. "International Olympic Committee – London 2012". IOC. Retrieved 3 August 2008.
  2. "Coe promises Olympics to remember". BBC Sport. 6 July 2005. Retrieved 3 August 2008.
  3. Athens has also hosted three IOC-organised events, in 1896, 2004 and the Intercalated Games in 1906. However, the 1906 games are no longer officially recognised by the IOC, as they do not fit with the quadrennial pattern of the modern Olympics.
  4. Barden, Mark (26 April 2008). "London's first Olympics". BBC Sport. Retrieved 3 August 2008.
  5. "The 1948 London Olympics Gallery". BBC History. Retrieved 3 August 2008.
  6. "London 2012: Election". International Olympic Committee. Retrieved 2 October 2009.
  7. "Building a sustainable Games". London 2012. Retrieved 2 October 2009.
  8. "London plan at-a-glance". BBC News. 5 June 2005. Retrieved 2 October 2009.
  9. "What is the London 2012 Olympics?". politics.co.uk. 24 April 2008. Retrieved 2 October 2009.
  10. "Olympic bids: The rivals". BBC Sport. 15 July 2003. Retrieved 3 August 2008.
  11. "London bid team delighted". BBC Sport. 18 May 2004. Retrieved 3 August 2008.
  12. "Day One Of Paris 2012 Inspection By IOC". GamesBids. Retrieved 9 March 2005.
  13. "Paris, London and New York Get Glowing IOC Reports". GamesBids. Retrieved 6 June 2005.
  14. "London And Paris Tie In 2012 Bid". GamesBids. Retrieved 31 August 2004.
  15. Francis Keogh and Andrew Fraser (6 July 2005). "Why London won the Olympics". BBC. Retrieved 5 June 2007.
  16. London will host 2012 Olympics, National Business Review. Retrieved 2 September 2007.
  17. "London tactics upset Paris mayor". BBC News. 6 July 2005. Retrieved 22 August 2008.
  18. Honigsbaum, Mark (7 July 2005). "Patriotism and pop mark victory celebrations". The Guardian. UK. Retrieved 22 August 2008.
  19. Willsher, Kim (6 July 2005). "'The outlook for France is like the sky ... grey'". The Guardian. UK. Retrieved 22 August 2008.
  20. "Olympic losers react to London's win". BBC News. 6 July 2005. Retrieved 22 August 2008.
  21. Culf, Andrew (6 July 2005). "The party that never was: capital marks the games at last—Eight weeks after Olympic celebrations were cut short by bombings, London puts on a low-key spectacle to show it means business". The Guardian. UK. Retrieved 22 August 2008.
  22. Voting error gave Olympics to London, BBC News. Retrieved 5 February 2007.
  23. "London Rioting Prompts Fears Over Soccer and Olympics". 9 August 2011. Retrieved 11 August 2011.
  24. "London riots: China raises questions over safety of 2012 Olympic Games". 9 August 2011. Retrieved 11 August 2011.
  25. "London riots will not affect 2012 Olympic security, says IOC". 9 August 2011. Retrieved 11 August 2011.
  26. "London unveils 2012 stadium plan". 8 November 2007.
  27. "Viewpoint: Ricoh Arena to replace Villa Park as London 2012 football venue". Event magazine. 7 June 2010. Retrieved 7 June 2010.
  28. "Thames cable car to link 2012 Olympic Games venues". BBC. 4 July 2010. Retrieved 4 July 2010.
  29. "Plans unveiled for a new Thames crossing with London's first cable car system". Transport for London. 4 July 2010. Retrieved 5 July 2010.
  30. "ODA plays down South East's fears about Olympic legacy coach network". Local Transport Today. 22 January 2010. Retrieved 30 January 2010.
  31. "Statement re Bus and Coach contract at London 2012 Games". FirstGroup. Retrieved 16 April 2010.>
  32. "Olympics budget rises to £9.3bn". BBC. 15 March 2007. Retrieved 22 April 2007.
  33. "Viewpoint: Olympic gold snatched from Ulster". The Belfast Telegraph. 18 August 2007. Archived from the original on 27 September 2007. Retrieved 18 August 2007.
  34. "Sport cuts will fund Olympics". The Times. UK. 19 August 2007. Retrieved 19 August 2007.
  35. "2012 Chiefs Face Costs Criticism". BBC News. 14 November 2007. Retrieved 23 April 2010.
  36. "Olympic Delivery Authority budget". DCMS. 10 December 2007. Retrieved 10 December 2007.
  37. "Olympics £440m 'drain on culture'". BBC News. 25 February 2008. Retrieved 23 April 2010.
  38. "Shocking cost to Wales of Olympics". Icwales.icnetwork.co.uk. 6 October 2007. Retrieved 20 May 2010.
  39. "Broken promises cause games anger". Icwales.icnetwork.co.uk. 20 January 2008. Retrieved 20 May 2010.
  40. "MPs back Olympic funds transfer". BBC News. 15 January 2008. Retrieved 23 April 2010.
  41. "Preparations for the 2012 Olympic and Paralympic Games: Progress report February 2010". Nao.org.uk. 26 February 2010. Retrieved 20 May 2010.
  42. "London 2012 has "salvaged reputation of British construction industry" claims Olympics Minister". insidethegames. 19 July 2011. Retrieved 25 July 2011.
  43. London 2012 confirms Thames Water as a Tier Three sponsor|dateaccessed 31st May 2011 http://www.london2012.com/press/media-releases/2011/05/london-2012-confirms-thames-water-as-tier-three-sponsor.php
  44. Inside the Games, 'London 2012 sign up Thames Water as sponsor', retrieved 31st May 2011 http://www.insidethegames.biz/olympics/summer-olympics/2012/13132-london-2012-sign-up-thames-water-as-sponsor
  45. International Olympic Committee, 'Sponsorship: The Olympic Partner Programme', retrieved 31st May 2011 http://www.olympic.org/sponsorship
  46. "London 2012: Ticket applications 'hit the roof'". BBC News. 26 April 2011. Retrieved 26 April 2011.
  47. Wallop, Harry (26 April 2011). "London 2012: more tickets available later this year". The Daily Telegraph. Retrieved 26 April 2011.
  48. "Wait until midnight to discover fate of bid for Olympics ticket". Evening Standard. 31 May 2011. Retrieved 31 May 2011.
  49. "Ticketing at London 2012". London 2012 website. Retrieved 22 August 2008.
  50. "London Opens Ticket Process for 2012 Olympics – ABC News". Abcnews.go.com. Retrieved 20 May 2010.
  51. "London 2012 test event tickets now on sale". LOCOG. 26 May 2011. Retrieved 31 May 2011.
  52. "London 2012 countdown clock stops in Trafalgar Square". BBC News. Retrieved 15 March 2011.
  53. "London 2012 Hospitality". Prestige Ticketing. Retrieved 12 November 2010.
  54. "London 2012 Games To Be Held During Ramadan". GamesBids.com. 15 October 2006. Retrieved 22 April 2007.
  55. "London unveils logo of 2012 Games". BBC Sport. 4 June 2007. Retrieved 5 July 2007.
  56. "The new London 2012 brand". London 2012. 4 June 2007. Archived from the original on 6 June 2007. Retrieved 4 June 2007.
  57. "London 2012 logo to be unveiled". BBC Sport. 4 June 2007. Retrieved 4 June 2007.
  58. Get involved: Handover – London 2012
  59. "London Olympics 2012". Lloyds TSB. Retrieved 20 May 2010.
  60. "Official airline partner of London 2012". British Airways. Retrieved 20 May 2010.
  61. "News: adidas welcomed as Tier One Partner". London 2012. 20 September 2007. Retrieved 20 May 2010.
  62. Tom Geoghegan (5 June 2007). "'Oh no' logo". BBC News.
  63. "BBC poll measuring public reaction to the new London Olympics logo".
  64. "British turn up their noses at London Olympics logo" International Herald Tribune, retrieved on 7 June 2007
  65. Glancey, Jonathan (5 June 2007). "How Lisa Simpson got ahead at the Olympics". The Guardian. London. Retrieved 23 April 2010.
  66. "Uh-Oh Logo". Retrieved 22 August 2008.
  67. "2012 London logo draws ire of Iran". ESPN. Associated Press. 28 February 2011. Retrieved 5 March 2011.
  68. "London Olympics: Iran to compete despite logo complaint", BBC, 12 March 2011
  69. "Epilepsy fears over 2012 footage". BBC News. 5 June 2007. Retrieved 5 June 2007.
  70. Online petition against Olympic logo closed, The Daily Telegraph, 8 Jun 2007
  71. Claire Stocks (5 June 2007). "Why we should give London 2012 logo a chance". BBC News. Retrieved 20 May 2010.
  72. Coudal Partners. "London Broil". Coudal.com. Retrieved 20 May 2010.
  73. "It's a new brand day for UK Olympics: The London Olympic logo takes off". The Independent. UK. 13 October 2008. Retrieved 10 December 2008.
  74. ^ Farquhar, Gordon (19 May 2010). "London 2012 unveils Games mascots Wenlock & Mandeville". BBC News. Retrieved 19 May 2010.
  75. "The London 2012 mascots". London 2012. 19 May 2010. Retrieved 20 May 2010.
  76. Home - London 2012 Mascots
  77. "London 2012.com". London 2012.com. Retrieved 20 May 2010.
  78. Eight minute wonder (17 June 2008). "The BBC". The BBC. Retrieved 20 May 2010.
  79. "Official London 2012 Announcement". London2012.com. 16 June 2008. Retrieved 20 May 2010.
  80. "Curtain comes down on 123rd IOC Session". IOC. Retrieved 11 July 2011.
  81. "World Series of Boxing - Results". AIBA. 28 May 2011. Retrieved 28 May 2011.
  82. ^ "iaaf.org - Top Lists". IAAF. Retrieved 4 June 2011.
  83. ^ "Quota places by NATION and Name". ISSF. 8 March 2011. Retrieved 19 March 2011.
  84. Azerbaijan wins first license for 2012 Olympic Games in London. News.az. 23 June 2011
  85. ^ "LONDON 2012 OLYMPIC PLACES ANNOUNCED FOLLOWING ALLTECH FEI WORLD EQUESTRIAN GAMES". FEI. 14 October 2010. Retrieved 19 March 2011.
  86. "Brazil reign again, Colombia make history". FIFA. 22 November 2010. Retrieved 19 March 2011.
  87. "Moumin Geele Profile". IAAF. Retrieved 7 August 2011.
  88. ^ "Eritrea's Daniel Teklehaimanot wins 3rd African Title in Cycling; Ethiopia finished third". nazret.com. 15 January 2010. Retrieved 19 March 2011.
  89. ^ "Direct Qualifiers for 2012 London Olympic Games - Provisional list" (PDF). International Table Tennis Federation. Retrieved 17 May 2011.
  90. "Ásdís tryggði sér sæti á HM og ÓL" (webpage). mbl.is. Retrieved 2 August 2011.
  91. "Tarptautinė lengvosios atletikos federacija paskelbė Londono olimpiados normatyvus" (in Lithuanian). Retrieved 25 May 2011.
  92. "World Archery 2011 Results Summary, Team Ranking" (PDF). International Archery Federation. Retrieved 9 July 2011.
  93. "Pakistan seal London 2012 berth with Asian Games triumph". International Hockey Federation. 25 November 2010. Retrieved 25 May 2011.
  94. "Quota places for 2012 Olympic Games London" (pdf). European Aquatics. Retrieved 25 May 2011.
  95. "Brazil hit heights once more". FIFA. 14 February 2011. Retrieved 25 May 2011.
  96. "Times". FINA. Retrieved 30 June 2011.
  97. "Phuoc qualifies for London 2012". Viet Nam News. 17 May 2011. Retrieved 25 May 2011.
  98. ^ Michaelis, Vicki (8 July 2005). "Baseball, softball bumped from Olympics". USA Today. Retrieved 17 August 2008.
  99. "Rugby in the Olympic Games", International Rugby Board, 20 May 2008
  100. Golf & rugby voted into Olympics, BBC News, 9 October 2009, retrieved 1 January 2010
  101. Wilson, Stephen (13 August 2009). "IOC backs golf, rugby for 2016 Olympics; women's boxing for 2012". CTV Olympics. Associated Press. Retrieved 13 August 2009.
  102. ^ Dipankar De Sarkar (6 August 2008). "London legislator heads for Beijing, wants cricket in 2012 Olympics". Thaindian News. Retrieved 20 August 2008.
  103. "Cricket makes Olympics bid". BBC Sport. 18 June 2004. Retrieved 20 August 2008.
  104. "Gordon Brown backs Olympic netball". Daily Express. UK. 20 February 2008. Retrieved 10 September 2008.
  105. "International Olympic Committee – Olympic Games". Olympic.org. Retrieved 12 October 2008.
  106. "7s World Cup dropped in favour of Olympic rugby". Olympic-rugby.org. 2 June 2009. Retrieved 12 June 2009.
  107. "Olympic sport competition schedule". London 2012 website. Retrieved 25 May 2011.
  108. "London 2012 Olympic Games schedule released". BBC News. 15 February 2011. Retrieved 25 May 2011.
  109. Let's Go Digiral
  110. "Panasonic Announces 3D P2 HD Shoulder-Mount Camcorder and First P2 HD Handheld with AVC-Intra Recording at National Association of Broadcasters Convention DVCPRO HD Named Official Recording Format for London 2012 Olympic Games". Panasonic. 10 April 2010. Retrieved 25 May 2011.
  111. "Roger Mosey". BBC. 29 September 2010. Retrieved 29 September 2010.
  112. "New biodiversity plan sets out future for Olympic Park wildlife". London 2012. 27 February 2009. Retrieved 5 March 2009.
  113. "London 2012 Olympics 'to miss renewable energy target'". BBC. 11 April 2011. Retrieved 7 June 2011.
  114. "Olympic Games site wind turbine scrapped". BBC. 4 June 2010. Retrieved 7 June 2011.
  115. "Compostable bioplastics set for big win at London Olympics". NNFCC. 31 May 2011. Retrieved 31 May 2011.
  116. "Games a '£2bn UK tourism boost'". BBC News. 6 July 2005.
  117. Tourguides2012.co.uk
  118. "Olympic park waterbus service". British Waterways. 7 October 2010. Retrieved 25 May 2011.
  119. "Olympic Charter" (PDF). International Olympic Committee. 11 February 2010. p. 80. Retrieved 6 May 2011.
  120. "Cultural Olympiad". London 2012 website. Retrieved 6 May 2011.
  121. Osborn, Michael (4 September 2008). "Why we have a Cultural Olympiad". BBC News. Retrieved 6 May 2011.
  122. "Cultural Olympiad reveals celebrity line-up". BBc News. 7 December 2010. Retrieved 6 May 2011.
  123. Brown, Mark (7 December 2010). "Cultural Olympiad's London 2012 festival lines up arts world A-list". The Guardian. Retrieved 6 May 2011.

External links

Template:Wikinewspar2

Official
News media
Preceded byBeijing Summer Olympic Games
London
XXX Olympiad (2012) 		Succeeded byRio de Janeiro
Olympic Games
IOC
Medals
Nations
Host cities
Ceremonies
Media
Symbols
Other
Related
Olympic Games
Summer Olympic rings
Winter
Youth Olympic Games
Summer Youth Olympic Games logo
Winter
  1. Cancelled due to World War I
  2. ^ Cancelled due to World War II
  3. Postponed to 2021 due to the COVID-19 pandemic
National Olympic Committees at the 2012 Summer Olympics in London, United Kingdom
Africa
Americas
Asia
Europe
Oceania
Others
Events at the 2012 Summer Olympics (London)
Venues of the 2012 Summer Olympics (London)
Olympic Park
River Zone
Central Zone
Outside London
Football stadia
History of London
Evolution
Periods
Events
Government
Politics
Services
City of London
Structures

Categories: