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==Middle ages== ==Middle ages==
The '''Natio Hungarica''' or '''Natio Hungarorum''' was a term for the people of the ] irrespective of their ethnic background,<ref name=Ludanyi>{{cite book

+ |last1 = Ludanyi
The Clergy, the Nobility and the Counties and Cities formed the so-called "Hungarian nation" or '''Natio Hungarica''' in the political sense in ],<ref>Slovak Institute (Cleveland, Ohio), , Slovak Institute, 1984, p. 29</ref> irrespective of their ethnic background.<ref name=Ludanyi>{{cite book
|last1 = Ludanyi + |first1 = Andrew
⚫ + |last2=Cadzow
|first1 = Andrew
⚫ + |first2=John F.
⚫ |last2=Cadzow
⚫ + |last3=Elteto
⚫ |first2=John F.
⚫ + |first3=Louis J.
⚫ |last3=Elteto
⚫ + |authorlink =
⚫ |first3=Louis J.
⚫ + |title= Transylvania, THE ROOTS OF ETHNIC CONFLICT
⚫ |authorlink =
⚫ + |chapter = The Multiethnic Character of the Hungarian Kingdom in the Later Middle Ages; THE NATIO HUNGARICA, by L.S. DOMONKOS
⚫ |title= Transylvania, THE ROOTS OF ETHNIC CONFLICT
⚫ + |publisher = ]
⚫ |chapter = The Multiethnic Character of the Hungarian Kingdom in the Later Middle Ages; THE NATIO HUNGARICA, by L.S. DOMONKOS
+ |series =
⚫ |publisher = ]
|series = + |year = 1983
|year = 1983 + |doi =
⚫ + |isbn = 0-87338-283-8
|doi =
⚫ + |ref=harv
⚫ |isbn = 0-87338-283-8
⚫ + |url=http://www.hungarianhistory.com/lib/transy/
⚫ |ref=harv
⚫ + |chapterurl=http://www.hungarianhistory.com/lib/transy/transy05.htm }}</ref> and is thus an indication of geographic status and not ].<ref name=Ludanyi/> The Hungarian Kingdom was not a ] in the modern sense of the word,<ref name=Ludanyi/> but a ], inhabited by ], ], ], ], ], ] and ], in which the ] held the dominant position.<ref name=Ludanyi/> This situation was not unique as the ] does not offer examples of nation states.<ref name=Ludanyi/> An individual belonged to the "Hungarian Nation" if he or she resided under the authority of the ], in the ].<ref name=Ludanyi/>
⚫ |url=http://www.hungarianhistory.com/lib/transy/
⚫ |chapterurl=http://www.hungarianhistory.com/lib/transy/transy05.htm }}</ref> The Latin term, Natio Hungarica referred only to those groups with the right to representation in the diet: the ], the ] clergy, and a few enfranchised burghers.<ref>John M. Merriman, J. M. Winter, Europe 1789 to 1914: encyclopedia of the age of industry and empire, Charles Scribner's Sons, 2006, p. 140, ISBN 978-0-684-31359-7</ref> The term included only the land-owning nobility and not the peasantry.<ref>Katerina Zacharia, Hellenisms: culture, identity, and ethnicity from antiquity to modernity, Ashgate Publishing, Ltd., 2008, p. 237 ISBN 978-0-754-66525-0</ref> The Hungarian Kingdom was not a ] in the modern sense of the word,<ref name=Ludanyi/> but a ], inhabited by ], ], ], ], ], ] and ], in which the ] held the dominant position.<ref name=Ludanyi/> This situation was not unique as the ] does not offer examples of nation states.<ref name=Ludanyi/> An individual belonged to the "Hungarian Nation" if he or she resided under the authority of the ], in the ].<ref name=Ludanyi/>


==Modern ages== ==Modern ages==

Revision as of 12:49, 24 August 2011

See also: Nobility in the Kingdom of Hungary

Middle ages

The Natio Hungarica or Natio Hungarorum was a term for the people of the Kingdom of Hungary irrespective of their ethnic background, and is thus an indication of geographic status and not ethnic origin. The Hungarian Kingdom was not a nation state in the modern sense of the word, but a multiethnic country, inhabited by Hungarians, Croats, Germans, Romanians, Ruthenes, Serbs and Slovaks, in which the Hungarian nobility held the dominant position. This situation was not unique as the medieval period does not offer examples of nation states. An individual belonged to the "Hungarian Nation" if he or she resided under the authority of the King of Hungary, in the Lands of the Crown of Saint Stephen.

Modern ages

Natio Hungarica began to mean the privileged group that had corporate political rights of parliamentary representation, i.e. the prelates, the magnates and the nobles. The Natio Hungarica made no ethnic distinctions. This conception was accepted in Szatmar Treaty of 1711 and in the Pragmatic Sanction of 1722; it remained valid until 1848. Ľudovít Štúr indirectly demanded that all people (including peasants) living in the Kingdom of Hungary have their own representatives in the Diet. He indicated the‘new constitutional subject’that is all the peoples in the Kingdom of Hungary should become the Natio Hungarica. This involved the amendment of the meaning of the traditional class concept Natio Hungarica and the extension of its frame to all the peoples in the Hungarian Kingdom. His attempt at the transformation of all the peoples in kingdom into Natio Hungarica constituted an attempt at the transformation of all ethnic groups in Hungarian Kingdom into Natio Hungarica. Thus, the extension of its frame to all the nationalities involved the notion that a Hungarian political nation should consist of the Magyars, the Romanians, the Croats, the Serbs, the Ruthenians, the Germans and the Slovaks as nationalities.ŠŠtúr initiated the formation of a Hungarian political nation consisting of many nationalities, which was different from the Hungarian nation formed only by Magyars through magyarisation. Lajos Kossuth had already identified the historical-political rights of king and corporations in the Kingdom of Hungary with the national rights of the Magyars.

References

Notes

  1. ^ {{cite book + |last1 = Ludanyi + |first1 = Andrew + |last2=Cadzow + |first2=John F. + |last3=Elteto + |first3=Louis J. + |authorlink = + |title= Transylvania, THE ROOTS OF ETHNIC CONFLICT + |chapter = The Multiethnic Character of the Hungarian Kingdom in the Later Middle Ages; THE NATIO HUNGARICA, by L.S. DOMONKOS + |publisher = The Kent State University Press + |series = + |year = 1983 + |doi = + |isbn = 0-87338-283-8 + |ref=harv + |url=http://www.hungarianhistory.com/lib/transy/ + |chapterurl=http://www.hungarianhistory.com/lib/transy/transy05.htm }}
  2. http://src-h.slav.hokudai.ac.jp/coe21/publish/no15_ses/09_nakazawa.pdf Regions in Central and Eastern Europe: Past and Present. 20007. Tadayuki Hayashi and Fukuda Hiroshi


Further reading

  • Maxwell, Alexander (2005). Multiple Nationalism: National Concepts in Nineteenth-Century Hungary and Benedict Anderson's “Imagined Communities. Nationalism and Ethnic Politics, Volume 11, Issue 3. doi:10.1080/13537110500255619.
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