Gordon Brown: Difference between revisions

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	:''This article is about the ] ]. For the ] player of the same name, see ].''
	{{Infobox PM
	\|name=Gordon Brown
	\|image =Gordon Brown.jpg
	\|country-de=the Exchequer
	\|term=], ]–present
	\|before=]
	\|after=Incumbent
	\|date_birth = ], ]
	\|place_birth = ], ]
	\|party=]
	}}
	] ] '''James Gordon Brown''' (born ] ]) is a ] ] politician. He was ] for ] from ] - ], then ] from ] following a major revision in the composition of parliamentary constituencies in Scotland. Brown has served as ] of the ] since May ]. He is the longest continuously serving Chancellor (UK ] at the head of ]) since ] (]-]) and is widely tipped to become ] after the retirement of ].

	==Early and private life==
	Brown was born in ] and educated at ], ]. His father, John, was a ] ]. While at school he suffered a detached retina in a ] accident and now has a left eye made of glass. Brown read History at the ], graduating with ]. Brown would stay at ] to complete his ] on ] Labour Party politician, ].

	Even before entering ], Brown had achieved some prominence: he was elected ] of the University of Edinburgh and Chairman of the University Court while still a student, and edited "The Red Paper on Scotland". Brown lectured at that university and then at ] before working as a journalist at ]. In the 1979 general election, Brown fought the ] constituency, but lost to the ] candidate, ]. In ], he published a ] of the ] politician James Maxton - the subject of his PhD thesis.

	Brown married ] at his home in ], Fife, on ] ] after a four-year courtship. Mrs. Brown is a public relations executive and was, until 2001, Chief Executive of ], the consultancy firm she owned with ]. On ] ], a daughter, Jennifer Jane, was born prematurely; she died on ] ]. Their second child, a son, John, was born on ] ]. In January ] it was announced that they were expecting a third child in July.

	Brown is a ] supporter - a team he has supported since boyhood - and he is a member of the consortium which led a community buy out of the club in December 2005.

	Brown's brother is ], a PR consultant for British utility company ]

	==Early Parliamentary career==
	He was elected to Parliament as a Labour MP for ] in 1983, becoming opposition spokesman on Trade and Industry in 1985, then ] ] and Shadow ], before becoming Shadow Chancellor in 1992.

	After the sudden death of ], Brown was tipped as a potential party leader, but he stepped aside and allowed ] to become leader. It has long been rumoured that a deal was struck between the two men at the ] restaurant in ], that Blair promised to give Brown complete control of economic policy in return for Brown not standing against him in the election, and that he would retire at some future date, allowing Brown to become ]. Whether this is true or not, the relationship between Blair and Brown has been central to the fortunes of "]", and they have by and large remained united in public despite reported rifts.

	As Shadow Chancellor, Brown worked hard to establish an image of fiscal competence, and to reassure business and the middle class that Labour could be trusted to run the economy without fuelling ]. "Prudence" became Brown's catchphrase in his early years, and he cultivated a dour and even miserly air, though he is apparently known to friends and constituents as a good-humoured and even romantic man. He also committed Labour to following the Conservatives' spending plans for the first two years after taking power; his 2000 Spending Review foreshadowed a large expansion of government spending.

	==Chancellor of the Exchequer==
	] in ]]]
	On taking office as ], Brown sprung a surprise by giving the ] operational independence in the conduct of monetary policy, and thus responsibility for setting interest rates - a policy devised by ], his longtime chief economic adviser and now an MP. While he has adhered to Labour's election pledge to make no increases to the standard or higher rates of ], he has raised taxes in other ways. In his April 2002 budget, he raised ] to pay for health spending. His other crackdowns on 'tax loopholes' has raised the UK tax burden from 39.3% of GDP in 1997 to 42.4% in 2006, according to the ], overtaking Germany. . To have achieved this result with only one explicit tax rise has fuelled accusations of his imposing ]es. Brown points to two accomplishments: growth and employment. An OECD report shows that, between 1997 and 2006, UK economic growth has averaged 2.7% - higher than the Eurozone's 2.1% but lower than any English-speaking country. UK unemployment is 5.1%, down from 7% in 1997 and lower than the Eurozone's 8.1%.

	In ] Brown sold 60% of the UK's ]. The decision was latterly criticised as the price later picked up from what then 20-year lows meaning Brown could have raised £2 billion extra for the sale had he waited. . .

	In October 1997, he took control of Britain's membership of the European single currency saying the Treasury would set five economic tests to ascertain whether the economic case had been made. He declared in June 2003 they had not been met.

	Brown's lengthy period as Chancellor of the Exchequer has set several records. He is the longest-serving Labour Chancellor of the Exchequer (ahead of ], who was Chancellor for 5 years and 2 months from ] ] to ] ]). On ] ], he became the longest continuous serving Chancellor of the Exchequer since the ], passing the figure of 7 years and 43 days set by ] (]–]). However, ] was Chancellor for a total of 12 years and 4 months in the period from 1852 to 1882 (although not continuously). As he has commented upon on several occasions, his Chancellorship has overseen the longest period of sustained economic growth in the UK which started in 1993 on Britain's exit from the ].

	In October 2004 ] announced he would not lead the party into a fourth general election, but would serve out a full third term. Brown has for some time promoted the cause of acting to reduce ] and following the ] this has positioned Brown well inside the curve of popular opinion in the UK. Political controversy over the relationship between Brown and Blair in advance of the prospective ] continued up to that election, when Blair won a reduced majority and then confirmed that he would not fight the next general election.

	The two appear for the time being to have put their differences behind them. The Labour party even produced an election broadcast, showing the two debating policy and making jokes about their 'troubled' relationship. Continued reports of disagreements still appear in the British media, though.

	In ] Brown was listed in ]'s annual list of the 100 most influential people in the world: Blair did not feature. This could be attributed to the widespread expectation that Brown has no serious rivals as the next Prime Minister. He is very pro-American and holidayed in ] until the birth of his son. Particularly impressed with American patriotism he has tried to make Britain more patriotic, recently saying that ] should become 'British Day' to take the flag back from the far-right and bring about a more patriotic atmosphere in ]. He has also put forward proposals for a ], thought to be similar to that of the American ] holiday, although nothing has been decided upon yet.

	These proposals and recent appearances are widely interpreted as preparation for when Gordon Brown becomes ] and so make him appear to be of more 'leadership material' - and to replace his Scottish identity with a British one in the public mind. Blair, however, has made no indication that he is preparing to step down. However the Labour defeat in ] in the 2006 by-election, after a campaign largely led by Brown (and covering the constituency in which he lives) raised some speculation about his ability to win elections.

	==Notes==
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	==Bibliography==
	===Works===
	*Brown, Gordon (1989). ''Where There's Greed: Margaret Thatcher and the Betrayal of Britain's Future.'' Mainstream Publishing. ISBN 1851582282.
	*Brown, Gordon (ed.); Cook, Robin (ed.) (1987). ''Scotland: The Real Divide - Poverty and Deprivation in Scotland.'' Mainstream Publishing. ISBN 0906391180.
	*Brown, Gordon (1986). ''Maxton: A Biography.'' Mainstream Publishing. ISBN 1851580425.

	===Biographies===
	*Peston, Robert (2005). ''Brown's Britain: How Gordon Runs the Show.'' Short Books. ISBN 1904095674.
	*Bower, Tom (2003). ''Gordon Brown.'' HarperCollins. ISBN 000717540X.
	*Keegan, William (2003). ''The Prudence of Mr Gordon Brown.'' John Wiley. ISBN 0470846976.
	*] (2001). ''The Rivals: The Intimate Story of a Political Marriage.'' Fourth Estate. ISBN 1841154733.
	*Routledge, Paul (1998). ''Gordon Brown: The Biography.'' Simon & Schuster. ISBN 0684819546.

	===Others===
	*Rawnsley, Andrew (2001). ''Servants of the people: The inside story of New Labour.'' Penguin Books. ISBN 0140278508.

	==See also==
	* ]
	* ]
	* ]
	* ]
	* ]
	* ]
	* ]
	* ]

	==External links==
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	* January 2005 trip about his 'Marshall plan for Africa'
	* directory category

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Revision as of 18:12, 26 March 2006