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{{Infobox Hurricane | |||
| Name=Typhoon Iris | |||
| Basin=WPac | |||
| Year=1959 | |||
| Type=typhoon | |||
| Image location=Iris 1959 track.png | |||
| Image name=Track of Typhoon Iris | |||
| Formed=August 19, 1959 | |||
| Dissipated=August 23, 1959 | |||
| 1-min winds=90 | |||
| Pressure=966 | |||
| Fatalities=820 – 2,434 total | |||
| Damages= | |||
| Areas=], ], ] | |||
| Hurricane season=] | |||
}} | |||
'''Typhoon Iris''' was a catastrophic ] that killed as many as 2,334 people in ]. Originating from a tropical disturbance over the ] on August 19, Iris tracked west-northwestward towards ]. Quickly developing into a typhoon by August 21, a northwestward turn kept the center of Iris offshore Luzon. On August 22, the storm attained its peak intensity as a ] typhoon on the ] with winds of 165 km/h (105 mph) and a ] of 966 ] (]; 28.53 ]). Subsequently, Iris weakened to a tropical storm before making ] near ], ]. Once onshore, the storm rapidly transitioned into an ] and dissipated on August 23. | |||
In the Philippines, rough seas associated with the typhoon caused multiple shipwrecks that killed at least 100 people. Across southeastern China, at least 720 people are known to have been killed by the storm; however, estimates range as high as 2,334. | |||
==Meteorological history== | |||
In mid-August, a tropical disturbance developed within the ] over the ].<ref name="ATCR"/> By August 19, the ] began monitoring this system as a tropical depression.<ref name="JMABT">{{cite web|publisher=Japan Meteorological Agency|date=June 1, 1989|title=RSMC Best Track Data - 1950-1959|accessdate=January 2, 2012|url=http://www.jma.go.jp/jma/jma-eng/jma-center/rsmc-hp-pub-eg/Besttracks/bst5159.txt|format=]}}</ref>{{#tag:ref|The ] is the official ] for the western Pacific Ocean.<ref>{{cite web|publisher=Japan Meteorological Organization|title=Annual Report on Activities of the RSMC Tokyo - Typhoon Center 2000|date=February 2001|accessdate=January 2, 2012|url=http://www.jma.go.jp/jma/jma-eng/jma-center/rsmc-hp-pub-eg/AnnualReport/2000/Text/Text2000.pdf|page=3|format=]}}</ref>|group="nb"}} Additionally, the ] classified the system as a tropical storm.<ref name="JTWCBT">{{cite web|work=Joint Typhoon Warning Center|publisher=United States Navy|year=1960|accessdate=January 2, 2012|title=Typhoon 08W 1959 Best Track|url=http://www.usno.navy.mil/NOOC/nmfc-ph/RSS/jtwc/best_tracks/1959/1959s-bwp/bwp081959.txt|format=]}}</ref>{{#tag:ref|The ] is a joint ] – ] task force that issues tropical cyclone warnings for the western Pacific Ocean and other regions.<ref>{{cite web|work=Joint Typhoon Warning Center|publisher=United States Navy|title=Joint Typhoon Warning Center Mission Statement|year=2011|accessdate=January 1, 2012|url=http://web.archive.org/web/20070726103400/https://metocph.nmci.navy.mil/jtwc/menu/JTWC_mission.html}}</ref>|group="nb"}} Initially, a strong ] over ] caused the storm to track slowly west-northwestward; however, the ridge gradually weakened over the following days.<ref name="ATCR"/> The cyclone gradually strengthened to typhoon status on August 21, by which time it had developed a 32 km (20 mi) wide ].<ref name="ATCR"/><ref name="JTWCBT"/> Upon becoming a typhoon, the JTWC named the system ''Iris''. Later that day, Iris turned northwestward as the ridge weakened and brushed the northeastern tip of ].<ref name="ATCR"/><ref name="JTWCBT"/> | |||
On August 22, Iris attained its peak intensity as a ] typhoon on the ] with winds of 165 km/h (105 mph).<ref name="JTWCBT"/> Later that day, ] ] flew into the storm and recorded a ] of 966 ] (]; 28.53 ]), the lowest in relation to the storm. After passing roughly 75 km (45 mi) south of ], known as Formosa at the time, Iris started weakening. Late on August 22, Iris made ] near ], ] as a strong tropical storm. The storm then rapidly transitioned into an ] over China before dissipating late on August 23.<ref name="ATCR"/> | |||
==Impact== | |||
On August 21, Typhoon Iris brushed the northern coast of ]; however, there were no known reports of casualties or damage on land. Offshore, large ] produced by the storm were blamed on at least two shipwrecks.<ref name="ATCR"/> Following the incidents, the ] were sent to search for survivors.<ref>{{cite news|work=Associated Press|publisher=Youngstown Vindicator|date=August 23, 1959|accessdate=January 5, 2011|title=Red Chinese Face Typhoon|url=http://news.google.com/newspapers?id=fnRAAAAAIBAJ&sjid=cFcMAAAAIBAJ&dq=typhoon%20iris&pg=4638%2C1986462|page=1|location=Taipei, Taiwan}}</ref> Near ], at least 100 people drowned after a ferry sank; only 11 passengers were rescued. Five more people went missing near ] after their motorboat capsized.<ref name="ATCR">{{cite web|work=Joint Typhoon Warning Center|publisher=United States Navy|pages=46-49|year=1960|accessdate=January 2, 2012|title=159 Annual Tropical Cyclone Report: Typhoon Iris|url=http://www.usno.navy.mil/NOOC/nmfc-ph/RSS/jtwc/atcr/1959atcr/pdf/1959_complete.pdf|format=]}}</ref> | |||
Heavy rains from the typhoon spread across Taiwan on August 22, triggering significant flash flooding. Along the Haifenglun River, a railroad bridge was washed away.<ref>{{cite news|work=Associated Press|publisher=Reading Eagle|location=Taipei, Taiwan|date=August 22, 1959|accessdate=January 5, 2011|title=Rains Drench Taipei; Winds Lash Batanes|page=1|url=http://news.google.com/newspapers?id=PgwrAAAAIBAJ&sjid=IJoFAAAAIBAJ&dq=typhoon%20iris&pg=2410%2C1513201}}</ref> Across the ], approximately 1,000 people were left homeless.<ref>{{cite news|publisher=Warsaw Times|date=August 25, 1959|accessdate=January 4, 2011|title=News In Brief|page=2|location=Taipei, Taiwan|url=http://news.google.com/newspapers?id=MGdHAAAAIBAJ&sjid=fXwMAAAAIBAJ&dq=typhoon%20iris&pg=6477%2C5983898}}</ref> | |||
Across ] Province, torrential rains from the typhoon led to catastrophic flooding that killed at least 720 people, injured 618 and left 996 others missing;<ref name="ATCR"/><ref>{{cite web|work=Associated Press|publisher=The Washington Observer|date=September 1, 1959|accessdate=January 5, 2011|title=Typhoon Toll Reaches 2,334|url=http://news.google.com/newspapers?id=rN5dAAAAIBAJ&sjid=z14NAAAAIBAJ&dq=typhoon%20iris&pg=4445%2C25870|page=5|location=Tokyo, Japan}}</ref> however, according to the ], the death toll may be as high as 2,334.<ref>{{cite web|publisher=National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration|date=April 6, 2008|accessdate=January 5, 2011|title=The Worst Natural Disasters by Death Toll|url=http://docs.lib.noaa.gov/noaa_documents/NOAA_related_docs/death_toll_natural_disasters.pdf|format=]}}</ref> | |||
==See also== | |||
{{Portal|Tropical cyclones}} | |||
⚫ | |||
==Notes== | |||
{{Reflist|group=nb}} | |||
==References== | |||
{{reflist}} | |||
==External links== | |||
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{{DEFAULTSORT:Iris (1959)}} | |||
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Revision as of 13:53, 5 January 2012
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