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| administered ] from 1945 until the present. | administered ] from 1945 until the present. | ||
| === Pre-Establishment === | |||
| ⚫ | The Republic of China developed out of an uprising against the ] which began at |
||
| on ], ] which is celebrated in Taiwan as ]. | |||
| ⚫ | The Republic of China developed out of an uprising against the ] which began at ] | ||
| Emboldened by the lack of response against this uprising, provincial assemblies | |||
| on ], ]. This date is celebrated in Taiwan as ]. The uprising is now called ]. Emboldened by the lack of response against this uprising, provincial assemblies | |||
| began to secede forcing the last emperor to abdicate. | began to secede forcing the last emperor to abdicate. | ||
| === Early Republic === | |||
| The Republic of China was declared on ], ] with ] as | |||
| ⚫ | |||
| The Republic of China was declared on ], ]. In August 1912, ] formed the ]. A parliamentary elections was held in February 1913. The opposing parties were ]'s followers and Sung Chiao-jen's ]. After a landslide victory by Kuomintang, Yuan Shikai had Sung Chiao-jen assassinated. Hatred toward Yuan grew, but numerous rebellions were crushed by Yuan. ] flet to Japan for his own safety. The parliment officially elected Yuan Shikai the president of Republic of China in October 1913. Yuan's government was deplomatically recognized by most of the nations. Soon after Yuan dissolved the parliment and reinstated monarchy. Many provinces declared independance and became warlord states. Yuan Shikai died of natural causes in 1916 ending the brief monarchy. | |||
| ⚫ | === Warlord Era === | ||
| ⚫ | The initial high hopes for the Republic were quickly undermined | ||
| as the Republic was divided among military ]s. | as the Republic was divided among military ]s. | ||
| During ], ], fighting on the allied side, seized partly ] controlled ] province. Through secret diplomatic channels, the Beijing warlord government agreed to let Japan keep Shandong. The public did not know about agreement until the announcement of ] at end of World War I. This traitorous act caused a national awakening on ], ] which became to known as ]. | |||
| ⚫ | |||
| Sun Yat-sen gain control of ] province with help of southern warlords in 1917. Sun reestablished Kuomintang in October 1919. | |||
| (Things to add about Warlord Era) | |||
| * Chinese Communist Party | |||
| * Soviet support of CCP and KMT | |||
| * Soviet training | |||
| * Death of Sun and rise of Chiang Kai-shek | |||
| ⚫ | === Civil War === | ||
| See ] | |||
| === Re-Establishment in Taiwan === | |||
| ⚫ | |||
| In 1949, ] evacuated the government of the Republic of China to | In 1949, ] evacuated the government of the Republic of China to | ||
Revision as of 23:52, 10 December 2002
The Republic of China(中华民国) was the government which administered Mainland China from 1911 to 1949 until it was overthrown by the Chinese Communist Party and has administered Taiwan from 1945 until the present.
Pre-Establishment
The Republic of China developed out of an uprising against the Qing Dynasty which began at Wuchang on October 10, 1911. This date is celebrated in Taiwan as Double Tenth Day. The uprising is now called Wuchang Uprising. Emboldened by the lack of response against this uprising, provincial assemblies began to secede forcing the last emperor to abdicate.
Early Republic
The Republic of China was declared on January 1, 1912. In August 1912, Sung Chiao-jen formed the Kuomintang. A parliamentary elections was held in February 1913. The opposing parties were Yuan Shikai's followers and Sung Chiao-jen's Kuomintang. After a landslide victory by Kuomintang, Yuan Shikai had Sung Chiao-jen assassinated. Hatred toward Yuan grew, but numerous rebellions were crushed by Yuan. Sun Yat-sen flet to Japan for his own safety. The parliment officially elected Yuan Shikai the president of Republic of China in October 1913. Yuan's government was deplomatically recognized by most of the nations. Soon after Yuan dissolved the parliment and reinstated monarchy. Many provinces declared independance and became warlord states. Yuan Shikai died of natural causes in 1916 ending the brief monarchy.
Warlord Era
The initial high hopes for the Republic were quickly undermined as the Republic was divided among military warlords.
During World War I, Japan, fighting on the allied side, seized partly German controlled Shandong province. Through secret diplomatic channels, the Beijing warlord government agreed to let Japan keep Shandong. The public did not know about agreement until the announcement of Treaty of Versailles at end of World War I. This traitorous act caused a national awakening on May 4, 1919 which became to known as May Fourth Movement.
Sun Yat-sen gain control of Guangdong province with help of southern warlords in 1917. Sun reestablished Kuomintang in October 1919.
(Things to add about Warlord Era)
- Chinese Communist Party
- Soviet support of CCP and KMT
- Soviet training
- Death of Sun and rise of Chiang Kai-shek
Civil War
Re-Establishment in Taiwan
In 1949, Chiang Kai-shek evacuated the government of the Republic of China to Taiwan which had been returned from Japan in 1945. Because of the Cold War, until the 1970s, the Republic of China was recognized as the sole legitimate government of both Mainland China and Taiwan by the United Nations and most Western nations. The 1970s saw a switch in diplomatic recognitions from the ROC to the People's Republic of China. In 1991, the ROC officially stated that it would not challenge the rule of the Communist Party on the Mainland, but it has not officially renounced its right to rule Mainland China and Outer Mongolia. Such a declaration would be opposed by supporters of Chinese reunification on Taiwan and may ironically be interpreted as a declaration of independence upon which the Mainland may take military action. As of 2002, the government of Taiwan which is controlled by the independence-leaning Democratic Progressive Party has been very careful in its statements and has taken a policy of ambiguity.
As of 2002, the Republic of China continues to be officially recognized by 27 nations, mostly small countries in Central America and Africa. The People's Republic of China has a policy of not having diplomatic relations with any nation which recognizes the Republic of China and insists that all nations which it has diplomatic relations with make a statement which recognizes its claims on Taiwan. In practice, most major nations maintain unofficial semi-diplomatic relations with Taiwan and the statement which is required by the PRC is couched in extremely carefully worded ambiguity.
Until the mid-1990s, supporters of Taiwan independence opposed the Republic of China and supported the creation of an independent Republic of Taiwan. Since the mid-1990s, a compromise has been reached between supporters of Taiwan independence and Chinese reunification on Taiwan to support the continuation of the Republic of China but as a government that administers only Taiwan.
see: Taiwan for more information
See also: President of the Republic of China