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| == Role in Lebanese Massacre == | == Role in Lebanese Massacre == | ||
| During the Israeli invasion of Lebanon in 1982, while Ariel Sharon was Defense Minister, a ] of several hundred Palestinians occured in the Sabra and Chatila refugee camps in Beirut. |
During the Israeli invasion of Lebanon in 1982, while Ariel Sharon was Defense Minister, a ] of several hundred Palestinians occured in the Sabra and Chatila refugee camps in Beirut. An official government inquiry recommended that he be dismissed as Minister of Defense for reasons of gross negligence, although it did not find him complicit in the planning of the massacre. Others have disagreed with the report. In 1987, ] published a story implying Sharon's direct responsibility for the massacres; Sharon later won a libel case against them. In early 2001, relatives of the victims of the massacre began proceedings in Belgium to have Ariel Sharon indicted on war crimes charges. | ||
| Prior to Thursday ], ] all went by plan. Israeli troops surrounded the camps. However when the Planages went in, they began a great massacre, in retaliation for the killing of Bashir Gemayel, their leader, by a Muslim faction several days earlier. For the next 36 hours they went on uninterrupted. The Israeli military then ordered the Phalanges to leave the camps. Israel claims that the Israeli military was not aware that the massacre was occuring, and ordered the Phalangists to withdraw when they discovered it had happened. While Israel and most Western sources claim that about 300 Palestinian refugees were killed, the Arab side claims that the number could be almost ten times as high. | |||
| These events aroused a great degree of controversy in the Israeli public. The Israeli government appointed a commission, led by the former Supreme Justice Kahan, that investigated these events. Their report, which was finished in early 1983, stated that while there was no evidence Sharon knew about the Phalangists' plans (and was in no way associatated with the massacres), his ignoring of the hostility between Lebanese Christians and Muslims was outrageously negligent. The committee recommended Sharon's dismisal as the Minister of Defense. | |||
| This view of the things was also upheld by an American court, when Sharon won a libel case against the Time Magazine, which had published in 1987 a story that implied Sharon's direct responsibility for Sabra and Chatila. In early 2001, relatives of the victims of the massacre have begun proceedings in Belgium, seeking to have Ariel Sharon indicted on war crimes charges. | |||
| == Commentary on recent events and the evolution of the peace process == | == Commentary on recent events and the evolution of the peace process == | ||
Revision as of 09:37, 24 March 2002
Ariel Sharon became the Prime Minister of Israel on February 17, 2001. He was born in 1928 in Kfar Malal.
For over 25 years he was a member of the Israeli Defence Force (IDF), reaching the rank of Major-General before retiring. He is particularly known for his daring actions during the Yom Kippur War, when he took the initiative from the Egyptians by crossing the Suez Canal with his brigade.
He was a member of the Knesset 1973-1974, and then from 1977-present. He served as Minister of Agriculture (1977-1981), then as Defense Minister (1981-1983) in Menachem Begin's Likud government. He resigned from his post as Defense Minister amid allegations surrounding a massacre of Palestinian refugees in Lebanon by Lebanese factions allied with Israel (see below), and then served as a Minister without portfolio (1983-1984), Minister for Trade and Industry (1984-1990), and Minister for Housing Construction (1990-1992). Then he was Minister of National Infrastructure (1996-1998), and Foreign Minister (1998-1999). Upon the election of the Barak Labor government, he became leader of the Likud party. After the collapse of Barak's government, he was elected Prime Minister in February 2001.
Role in Lebanese Massacre
During the Israeli invasion of Lebanon in 1982, while Ariel Sharon was Defense Minister, a massacre of several hundred Palestinians occured in the Sabra and Chatila refugee camps in Beirut. An official government inquiry recommended that he be dismissed as Minister of Defense for reasons of gross negligence, although it did not find him complicit in the planning of the massacre. Others have disagreed with the report. In 1987, Time Magazine published a story implying Sharon's direct responsibility for the massacres; Sharon later won a libel case against them. In early 2001, relatives of the victims of the massacre began proceedings in Belgium to have Ariel Sharon indicted on war crimes charges.
Commentary on recent events and the evolution of the peace process
Palestinian position
Ariel Sharon has followed a military solutions based policy of no negotiations under fire. He refuses to engage in political negotiations until there is a seven day period of absolute peace and quiet in all of Israel and the occupied territories. Many people, the Palestinians, and some governments (mainly the European Union members) feel that this is an unrealistic demand, that could never be fulfilled.
Palestinians claim that all of the current policies followed by the Sharon government so far have failed to bring about this prerequisite for peace. They claim that the policies carried out by his government - assassinations of leaders of Palestinian groups (some of whom being labeled as terrorists is disputed), blockades of whole areas (including towns and villages), the destruction of infrastucture belonging both to Palestinian Authority (including police and security buildings) and private civillians, continued house demolitions, Israeli Army incursions into Palestinian territory, the confinement of the nominal head of the Palestinian people in his headquarters that essentially amounts to a house arrest - have only created further difficuly in calming the situation down. Palestinians consider Sharon's advocacy of settlement building in the occupied territories as a further step away from peace.
Palestinians claim that the recent round of violence was started because of a visit made by Ariel Sharon and over a thousand of his bodyguards marching in sites of Arab East Jerusalem sacred both to Muslims and Jews. Some commentators have even gone so far as to accuse him of purposely starting this event, to prevent the further continuation of peace talks.
Furthermore, Palestinians claim that Ariel Sharon really lacks a political agenda. He is a general and war operations are at the limit of his expertise.
As an Israeli political analyst put it: "Sharon sees the many trees, but can never see the forest." The absence of a peace camp in Israel has played into Sharon's favour but lately the Israeli public is wondering why they elected a closed-minded general with no political vision as their prime minister? Sharon is an obstacle to peace for he is the new variable in the Middle East peace equation. Occupation is the cancer and until it is done away with there will be no peace.
Palestinians claim that Sharon works agressively against the Palestinians living in their own land, and that while his predecessors at least genuinely tried for peace and as such helped defuse tensions to a large extent, Sharon has pursued dirty politics and extreme aggression against the Palestinians.
Palestinians claim that Sharon's views are not representative of the majority of the Israeli public. As examples, they bring groups such as Peace Now, which has been calling for a return to negotiations ever since the beginning of the recent clashes, and a letter signed by several hundreds of Israeli reservists (a minor percentage of the Israeli reserve force) that refused to serve in the territories because of the danger that this created for Palestinian civilians. In recent days this protest has increased in number to over 250 reservists.
Up to a thousand of Israeli reserve officers and retired officials of Israel's security agencies (some of whom occupied positions of imporance in the past) advocate a unilateral retreat from the territories that would allow for the creation of a Palestinian state. They claim that by withdrawing from these territories it will force the Palestinian leadership to resume its security responsibilities towards the Israeli population.
They claim further that even if the Palestinian Authority would not comply, the very introduction of a border would be beneficial to Israeli security. Others disagree, argumenting their claim by Israel's resulting inability to deal with mortar and missile attacks, already common in the conflict.
Israeli Position
Recent polls indicate that Ariel Sharon enjoys a greet degree of confidence and trust on behalf of the Israeli public. They indicate that the majority of Israelis supports Sharon's policies, and considers them either adequate or even not extensive enough in the military sense. Israelis maintain, that their country has a pluralistic political tradition which allows for the functioning of the peace movements, although they have not been enjoying great popularity lately.
Secondly, as Ariel Sharon claims and most Israelis agree, terrorism is an absolute evil. The Palestinian leadership put itself into a subhuman level by deciding not to do anything to stop terrorism, and as Ariel Sharon declared, he would not negotiate until they adopt an opposite direction. In addition, Ariel Sharon claimed that he does not object to the setting up of a Palestinian state, however the Palestinians claims are illegitimated by their policy of violence and terrorism. Moreover, he claimed recently that he is not interested in the collapse of the Palestinian authority or in taking over Palestinian cities.
Finally, most Israelis feel that the recent conflict is a war; therefore the behavior of the Israeli side must be militaristic by definition. For example, most Israelis point at the fact that the targeted killings are aimed mainly at people who have openly declared that they are engaged in terrorist activity, would not step down from it, and would not be taken to jail by the Palestinian Authority; the only way to prevent them from carrying out acts of terrorism that they are planning is to arrest them, or to kill them (the former is much more frequent).