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| |caption= ''Serbian police tank in front of the ruins of the Jashari family's houses''. | |caption= ''Serbian police tank in front of the ruins of the Jashari family's houses''. | ||
| |partof= ] | |partof= ] | ||
| |date=March 5, 1998 - March 7, 1998 |
|date=March 5, 1998 - March 7, 1998 | ||
| |place= Prekaz, ], ], ] | |place= Prekaz, ], ], ] | ||
| ⚫ | |result= Decisive Yugoslav victory<br>Jashari group eliminated<ref></ref>{{dubious|date=April 2012}} | ||
| |result= Decisive Yugoslav victory<br> | |||
| ⚫ | |||
| |combatant1={{flagicon|FR Yugoslavia}} ] - ] | |combatant1={{flagicon|FR Yugoslavia}} ] - ] | ||
| |combatant2=]] | |combatant2=]] | ||
| |commander1= {{flagicon|FR Yugoslavia}} ] | |commander1= {{flagicon|FR Yugoslavia}} ] | ||
| |commander2= ] ] ] |
|commander2= ] ] ]<br/>] ] ] | ||
| |strength1= {{flagicon|FR Yugoslavia}} ~100 policemen | |strength1= {{flagicon|FR Yugoslavia}} ~100 policemen | ||
| |strength2=] 28 KLA fighters | |strength2=] 28 KLA fighters | ||
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| }} | }} | ||
| {{Campaignbox Kosovo War}} | {{Campaignbox Kosovo War}} | ||
| The '''Attack on Prekaz''' (also known as the '''Prekaz Massacre'''<ref></ref><ref></ref><ref></ref>) was an operation led by the ]. Launched on March 5, 1998, the Attack was unsuccesful attempt on the part of the Yugoslavs to capture Kosovo Liberation Army leader ] and his brother, Hamëz. During the operation, both Jasharis were killed, along with more than 60 other |
The '''Attack on Prekaz''' (also known as the '''Prekaz Massacre'''<ref></ref><ref></ref><ref></ref>) was an operation led by the ]. Launched on March 5, 1998, the Attack was unsuccesful attempt on the part of the Yugoslavs to capture Kosovo Liberation Army (KLA) leader ] and his brother, Hamëz. During the operation, both Jasharis were killed, along with more than 60 other family members, including women and children.<ref name="hrw"></ref> According to ], all evidence suggests that the attack was not intended to apprehend armed Albanians, but "to eliminate the suspects and their families".<ref>Heike Krieger: ''The Kosovo Conflict and International Law: An Analytical Documentation, 1974-1999''. </ref> | ||
| ==Background== | ==Background== | ||
| Adem and Hamëz Jashari were members of the Kosovo Liberation Army (KLA), an insurgent group of ethnic Albanians that sought independence of Kosovo from the Yugoslav government. Adem had organized the first armed political formation in Srbica in 1991.<ref>http://sim.law.uu.nl/sim/caselaw/tribunalen.nsf/ae4b0f7b22afa1cdc12571b500329d5e/0f58ad0e96d1e627c12571fe004c8cba?OpenDocument</ref> There had been terrorist attacks in the area of ] for several months before February, which had threatened the safety on many roads, which resulted in the government setting up police outposts in order to secure safe travel for citizens. On February 28, 1998, with the start of the ], a KLA group led by Adem attacked a Yugoslav Police patrol, killing four policemen and injuring two, while sixteen KLA were killed.<ref name="report"></ref> | |||
| Later, when the ] began, Adem and Hamëz were members of the Kosovo Liberation Army that fought the Yugoslav establishment in an attempt to gain independence from ]. On February 28, 1998, a group of insurgents led by Adem Jashari attacked a Yugoslav Police patrol, killing four policemen and injuring two. In the attack, sixteen KLA members were killed, however.<ref name="report"/> | |||
| ==Operation== | ==Operation== | ||
| On March 5, 1998, the KLA launched another attack on a police patrol in Donje Prekaze, which caused the attack of the Serbian police according to the official Serbian public report.<ref name="report2"></ref> After the second attack, the police prepared a brutal response for the Jasharis. They started hunting local KLA insurgents who were forced to retreat to Jashari's compound in the same village.<ref name="report"/> | |||
| Yugoslav policemen surrounded the group and invited them to surrender, while urging all other persons to clear the premises. The Serbian police further alleged that they gave them two hours to comply. Within the given deadline, dozens of civilians complied with the order and dispersed in safety from the stronghold.<ref name="report"/> According to the Serbian police after the two-hour deadline had expired, Jashari, his brother and most of his family-members, however still refused to comply and remained inside the compound. After a tense verbal stand-off, according to the official Serbian statements Jashari's group responded by firing on the police using automatic weapons as well as mortars, hand grenades and snipers, killing two and injuring three policemen.<ref name="report"/> In the ensuing violence, the Yugoslav police killed more than sixty people, including the Jashari brothers. The only survivor was Besarta Jashari, Hamëz Jashari's daughter.<ref name="Kolstø2009"/> She reported that the Serbian policemen had "threatened her with a knife and ordered her to say that her uncle killed everyone who wanted to surrender." <ref name="Kolstø2009"/> | |||
| The evidence gathered later indicated that the attack's intent wasn't the apprehension of armed Albanian insurgents but the elimination of their families as ] concluded in their report regarding the event.<ref name="report2"/> Other houses of Jashari family members were also attacked by the police as well as the residential compound of the Lushtaku family.<ref name="report2"/> As a response the UN security council turned to ] actions without authorizing the final measure of the chapter, military intervention. <ref name="Hodge2002">{{cite book|last=Hodge|first=Carl Cavanagh|title=NATO for a New Century: Atlanticism and European Security|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=fEWOSV1PdNIC&pg=PA111|accessdate=20 April 2012|year=2002|publisher=Greenwood Publishing Group|isbn=9780275975944|page=111}}</ref> | |||
| ==Aftermath== | |||
| Yugoslav policemen surrounded the group and invited them to surrender, while urging all other persons to clear the premises. The police gave them two hours to comply. Within the given deadline, dozens of civilians complied with the order and dispersed in safety from the stronghold.<ref name="report"/> | |||
| The Prekaz attack led to a rapid increase of KLA's popularity and and village militias were formed in many of parts of Kosovo.<ref name="Hudson2009">{{cite book|last=Hudson|first=Kimberly A.|title=Justice, Intervention, and Force in International Relations: Reassessing Just War Theory in the 21st Century|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=W4zndspbem4C&pg=PA138|accessdate=19 April 2012|date=2009-03-05|publisher=Routledge|isbn=9780415490252|page=138}}</ref> After the events Adem Jashari himself was portrayed as a "terrorist" in Serbian media, while Albanian media depicted him as a "freedom fighter". The casualties of the attack would be described as the fall of "martyrs" in Albanian media, while in Serbian ones its portrayal would be that of a "collateral effect of the fight against terrorism".<ref name="Kolstø2009">{{cite book|last=Kolstø|first=Pål|title=Media Discourse and the Yugoslav Conflicts: Representations of Self and Other|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=jGNWORa2QccC&pg=PA96|accessdate=19 April 2012|year=2009|publisher=Ashgate Publishing, Ltd.|isbn=9780754676294|page=96}}</ref> | |||
| In March 13, about 50.000 people demonstrated against the Serbian attacks, while in March 15 the Catholic church called for masses to be held throughout the region, after which about 15.000 people demonstrated in ].<ref name="Clark2000">{{cite book|last=Clark|first=Howard|title=Civil Resistance in Kosovo|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=OTW9XKUmrxsC&pg=PA175|accessdate=20 April 2012|date=2000-08-20|publisher=Pluto Press|isbn=9780745315690|page=175}}</ref> | |||
| In late March more than 100.000 people marched in eight US cities and Europe's capitals to protest the attack.<ref name="Hockenos2003">{{cite book|last=Hockenos|first=Paul|title=Homeland Calling: Exile Patriotism & the Balkan Wars|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=e4pAs4JYSAMC&pg=PA247|accessdate=19 April 2012|year=2003|publisher=Cornell University Press|isbn=9780801441585|page=247}}</ref> | |||
| After the two-hour deadline had expired, Jashari, his brother and most of his family-members, however still refused to comply and remained inside the compound. After a tense verbal stand-off, Jashari's gang responded by firing on the police using automatic weapons as well as mortars, hand grenades and snipers, killing two and injuring three policemen.<ref name="report"/> | |||
| Eventually, events spiralled out of control and the ] ensued. | |||
| In the ensuing violence, the Yugoslav police killed more than sixty people, including the Jashari brothers. | |||
| ==See also== | ==See also== | ||
| * ] | |||
| * ] | |||
| * ] | * ] | ||
Revision as of 11:08, 30 April 2012
| Attack on Prekaz | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Part of Kosovo War | |||||||
| |||||||
| Belligerents | |||||||
 Serbian police - SAJ (Special Anti-terrorist Unit) |
 Kosovo Liberation Army | ||||||
| Commanders and leaders | |||||||
|
Goran Radosavljević |
Adem Jashari † Hamëz Jashari † | ||||||
| Strength | |||||||
|
~100 policemen |
28 KLA fighters | ||||||
| Casualties and losses | |||||||
|
2 killed 7 wounded |
28 Insurgents killed | ||||||
|
64 Members of the Jashari family killed | |||||||
The Attack on Prekaz (also known as the Prekaz Massacre) was an operation led by the Serbian police Anti-Terrorism Unit. Launched on March 5, 1998, the Attack was unsuccesful attempt on the part of the Yugoslavs to capture Kosovo Liberation Army (KLA) leader Adem Jashari and his brother, Hamëz. During the operation, both Jasharis were killed, along with more than 60 other family members, including women and children. According to Amnesty International, all evidence suggests that the attack was not intended to apprehend armed Albanians, but "to eliminate the suspects and their families".
Background
Adem and Hamëz Jashari were members of the Kosovo Liberation Army (KLA), an insurgent group of ethnic Albanians that sought independence of Kosovo from the Yugoslav government. Adem had organized the first armed political formation in Srbica in 1991. There had been terrorist attacks in the area of Srbica for several months before February, which had threatened the safety on many roads, which resulted in the government setting up police outposts in order to secure safe travel for citizens. On February 28, 1998, with the start of the Kosovo War, a KLA group led by Adem attacked a Yugoslav Police patrol, killing four policemen and injuring two, while sixteen KLA were killed.
Operation
On March 5, 1998, the KLA launched another attack on a police patrol in Donje Prekaze, which caused the attack of the Serbian police according to the official Serbian public report. After the second attack, the police prepared a brutal response for the Jasharis. They started hunting local KLA insurgents who were forced to retreat to Jashari's compound in the same village. Yugoslav policemen surrounded the group and invited them to surrender, while urging all other persons to clear the premises. The Serbian police further alleged that they gave them two hours to comply. Within the given deadline, dozens of civilians complied with the order and dispersed in safety from the stronghold. According to the Serbian police after the two-hour deadline had expired, Jashari, his brother and most of his family-members, however still refused to comply and remained inside the compound. After a tense verbal stand-off, according to the official Serbian statements Jashari's group responded by firing on the police using automatic weapons as well as mortars, hand grenades and snipers, killing two and injuring three policemen. In the ensuing violence, the Yugoslav police killed more than sixty people, including the Jashari brothers. The only survivor was Besarta Jashari, Hamëz Jashari's daughter. She reported that the Serbian policemen had "threatened her with a knife and ordered her to say that her uncle killed everyone who wanted to surrender."
The evidence gathered later indicated that the attack's intent wasn't the apprehension of armed Albanian insurgents but the elimination of their families as Amnesty International concluded in their report regarding the event. Other houses of Jashari family members were also attacked by the police as well as the residential compound of the Lushtaku family. As a response the UN security council turned to Chapter VII actions without authorizing the final measure of the chapter, military intervention.
Aftermath
The Prekaz attack led to a rapid increase of KLA's popularity and and village militias were formed in many of parts of Kosovo. After the events Adem Jashari himself was portrayed as a "terrorist" in Serbian media, while Albanian media depicted him as a "freedom fighter". The casualties of the attack would be described as the fall of "martyrs" in Albanian media, while in Serbian ones its portrayal would be that of a "collateral effect of the fight against terrorism". In March 13, about 50.000 people demonstrated against the Serbian attacks, while in March 15 the Catholic church called for masses to be held throughout the region, after which about 15.000 people demonstrated in Pristina.
In late March more than 100.000 people marched in eight US cities and Europe's capitals to protest the attack.
Eventually, events spiralled out of control and the Kosovo War ensued.
See also
References
- war crimes tribunal collection, John Oppenheim, Willem-Jan van der Wolf, Global Law Association, 2003
- ^ BBC News: Kosovo killings: Belgrade's official version of events
- Behind the Kosovo crisis
- "Prekaz massacre" on Google Books
- massacre (ICTY)
- The Drenica Massacres (Human Rights Watch)
- Heike Krieger: The Kosovo Conflict and International Law: An Analytical Documentation, 1974-1999. p. 96
- http://sim.law.uu.nl/sim/caselaw/tribunalen.nsf/ae4b0f7b22afa1cdc12571b500329d5e/0f58ad0e96d1e627c12571fe004c8cba?OpenDocument
- ^ Rights Watch: Violence in Kosovo
- ^ Kolstø, Pål (2009). Media Discourse and the Yugoslav Conflicts: Representations of Self and Other. Ashgate Publishing, Ltd. p. 96. ISBN 9780754676294. Retrieved 19 April 2012.
- Hodge, Carl Cavanagh (2002). NATO for a New Century: Atlanticism and European Security. Greenwood Publishing Group. p. 111. ISBN 9780275975944. Retrieved 20 April 2012.
- Hudson, Kimberly A. (2009-03-05). Justice, Intervention, and Force in International Relations: Reassessing Just War Theory in the 21st Century. Routledge. p. 138. ISBN 9780415490252. Retrieved 19 April 2012.
- Clark, Howard (2000-08-20). Civil Resistance in Kosovo. Pluto Press. p. 175. ISBN 9780745315690. Retrieved 20 April 2012.
- Hockenos, Paul (2003). Homeland Calling: Exile Patriotism & the Balkan Wars. Cornell University Press. p. 247. ISBN 9780801441585. Retrieved 19 April 2012.
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