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John Francis "Jack" Welch, Jr. (born (1935-11-19)November 19, 1935) is an American chemical engineer, business executive, and author. He was Chairman and CEO of General Electric between 1981 and 2001. During his tenure at GE, the company's value rose 4000% and was the most valuable company in the world for a time. In 2006 Welch's net worth was estimated at $720 million.

Early life and career

Jack Welch was born in Peabody, Massachusetts to John, a Boston & Maine Railroad conductor, and Grace, a homemaker.

Welch attended Salem High School and later the University of Massachusetts Amherst, graduating in 1957 with a Bachelor of Science degree in chemical engineering. While at university he was a member of the Alpha chapter of the Phi Sigma Kappa fraternity.

Welch went on to receive his M.S. and Ph.D at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign in 1960.

Welch joined General Electric in 1960. He worked as a junior chemical engineer in Pittsfield, Massachusetts, at a salary of $10,500 annually. While at GE, he blew off the roof of the factory, and was almost fired for doing so. In 1961, after roughly one year of employment with GE, Welch planned to quit his job as junior engineer because he was dissatisfied with the raise offered to him and was unhappy with the bureaucracy he observed at GE. Welch was persuaded to remain at GE by Reuben Gutoff, an executive at the company, who promised him that he would help create the small company atmosphere Welch desired.}}

Welch was named a vice president of GE in 1972. He moved up the ranks to become senior vice president in 1977 and vice chairman in 1979. Welch became GE's youngest chairman and CEO in 1981, succeeding Reginald H. Jones. By 1982, Welch had disassembled much of the earlier management put together by Jones.

Tenure as CEO of GE

Through the 1980s, Welch worked to streamline GE. In 1981 he made a speech in New York City called "Growing fast in a slow-growth economy". This is often acknowledged as the "dawn" of the obsession with shareholder value. Later, in an interview with the Financial Times on the Global financial crisis of 2008–2009, Welch said, “On the face of it, shareholder value is the dumbest idea in the world. Shareholder value is a result, not a strategy... your main constituencies are your employees, your customers and your products.” Welch did not make such a comment while still the CEO of GE. He also pushed the managers of the businesses he kept to become more productive. Welch worked to eradicate perceived inefficiency by trimming inventories and dismantling the bureaucracy that had almost led him to leave GE in the past. He shut down factories, reduced payrolls and cut lackluster old-line units. Welch's public philosophy was that a company should be either #1 or #2 in a particular industry, or else leave it completely. Welch's strategy was later adopted by other CEOs across corporate America.

Each year, Welch would fire the bottom 10% of his managers. He earned a reputation for brutal candor in his meetings with executives. He would push his managers to perform, but he would reward those in the top 20% with bonuses and stock options. He also expanded the broadness of the stock options program at GE from just top executives to nearly one third of all employees. Welch is also known for destroying the nine-layer management hierarchy and bringing a sense of informality to the company.

During the early 1980s he was dubbed "Neutron Jack" (in reference to the neutron bomb) for eliminating employees while leaving buildings intact. In Jack: Straight From The Gut, Welch states that GE had 411,000 employees at the end of 1980, and 299,000 at the end of 1985. Of the 112,000 who left the payroll, 37,000 were in sold businesses, and 81,000 were reduced in continuing businesses. In return, GE had increased its market capital tremendously. However, Welch eliminated basic research, and had closed or sold off businesses that were allegedly under-performing. These and other moves placed basic research at the bottom of the list with respect to funding and attention.

In 1986, GE acquired RCA. RCA's corporate headquarters were located in Rockefeller Center; Welch subsequently took up an office in the now GE Building at 30 Rockefeller Plaza. The RCA acquisition resulted in GE selling off RCA properties to other companies and ultimately keeping NBC as part of the GE portfolio of businesses. During the 1990s, Welch shifted GE business from manufacturing to financial services through numerous acquisitions.

Welch adopted Motorola's Six Sigma quality program in late 1995. In 1980, the year before Welch became CEO, GE recorded revenues of roughly $26.8 billion. In 2000, the year before he left, the revenues increased to nearly $130 billion. When Jack Welch left GE, the company had gone from a market value of $14 billion to one of more than $410 billion at the end of 2004, making it the most valuable and largest company in the world.

At the time of his retirement in 2001, Welch received a salary of $4 million a year, followed by his controversial retirement plan of $8 million a year, which included GE's $80,000 per month luxury apartment in Trump Tower (New York City), free food and wine, access to a $300,000 per month B737 corporate jet, VIP tickets to the Metropolitan Opera, the Knicks, Wimbledon, the US Open (tennis) and the Red Sox, an office and a secretary in the GE building and a limousine with driver. In 1999 he was named "Manager of the Century" by Fortune magazine.

There was a lengthy and well-publicized succession planning saga prior to his retirement between James McNerney, Robert Nardelli, and Jeffrey Immelt, with Immelt eventually selected to succeed him as Chairman and CEO. Nardelli became the CEO of Home Depot until his resignation in early 2007, and until recently, was the CEO of Chrysler, while McNerney became CEO of 3M until he left that post to serve in the same capacity at Boeing.

Criticism

Some industry analysts claim that Welch is given too much credit for GE's success. They contend that individual managers are largely responsible for the company's success. For example, GE Capital, under Gary C. Wendt, contributed nearly 40% of the company's total earnings while NBC, and Robert C. Wright worked to turn the network around, leading to five years of double-digit earnings growth. It is also held that Welch did not rescue GE from great losses as the company had 16% annual earnings growth during the tenure of his predecessor, Reginald H. Jones. According to Businessweek, critics of Welch have questioned whether the pressure he places on employees may lead them to "cut corners", which may in turn have contributed to controversies over defense-contracting, or the Kidder, Peabody & Co. bond-trading scheme in the early 1990s.}}

Welch has also received criticism over the years for an apparent lack of compassion for the middle class and working class. By his actions during acquisitions and wholesale shutdowns of GE business units Welch proved that his technique of only keeping the units your company is "good" at you can maximize ROI for the short term. In the meantime (as of 1990) thousands of employees have been removed from the rolls of GE. Welch has publicly stated that he is not concerned with the discrepancy between the salaries of top-paid CEOs and those of average workers. When asked about the issue of excessive CEO pay, Welch has stated that such allegations are "outrageous" and has vehemently opposed proposed SEC regulations affecting executive compensation. Countering the public uproar over excessive executive pay (including backdating stock options, golden parachutes for nonperformance, and extravagant retirement packages), Welch stated that CEO compensation should continue to be dictated by the free market, without interference from government or other outside agencies. In addition, Welch is a vocal opponent of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.

Personal life

He had four children with his first wife, Carolyn. They divorced amicably in April 1987 after 28 years of marriage. His second wife, Jane Beasley, was a former mergers-and-acquisitions lawyer. She married Jack in April 1989, and they divorced in 2003. While Welch had crafted a prenuptial agreement, Beasley insisted on a ten-year time limit to its applicability, and thus she was able to leave the marriage with an amount believed to be around $180 million.

Welch's third wife, Suzy Wetlaufer, co-authored his 2005 book Winning as Suzy Welch. Wetlaufer served briefly as the editor-in-chief of the Harvard Business Review. Welch's wife at the time, Jane Beasley, found out about an affair between Wetlaufer and Welch. Beasley informed the review and Wetlaufer was forced to resign in early 2002 after admitting to having been involved in an affair with Welch while preparing an interview with him for the magazine.

Welch underwent triple bypass surgery in May 1995. He returned to work full time in September of the same year and also adopted an exercise schedule that included golf. Welch is a member of Augusta National Golf Club. However, in Winning, Welch acknowledges that back problems forced him to give up playing golf, and that, surprisingly, he doesn't miss it. He acknowledges using his time formerly spent on the golf course to consult with companies and indulge other personal interests such as modern art, international travel, teaching, and attending Red Sox games. Since then, he has picked up his golf game, playing at courses such as Nantucket Golf Club, Sankaty Head Golf Club, and the Country Club of Fairfield, Connecticut among others.

On January 25, 2006, Welch gave his name to Sacred Heart University's College of Business, which will be known as the "John F. Welch College of Business".

Since September 2006, Welch has been teaching a class at the MIT Sloan School of Management to a hand-picked group of 30 MBA students with a demonstrated career interest in leadership. He is also a global warming skeptic. Yet he has said that every business must embrace green products and green ways of doing business, "whether you believe in global warming or not...because the world wants these products."

In 2009, Welch founded the Jack Welch Management Institute, a program at Chancellor University that offered an online executive MBA degree. The institute was acquired by Strayer University in 2011. Welch and his wife have been running the the online business school since its launch.

On March 11, 2010, Welch appeared as himself in the fourteenth episode of the fourth season of the hit NBC sitcom 30 Rock. In the episode, he governed the sale of NBC Universal to a fictional Philadelphia-based cable company, Kabletown, a parody of the actual acquisition of NBC Universal from General Electric by Comcast in November 2009.

In August 2010, Jack Welch was interviewed by Bill Hybels on the topic of leadership during the Global Leadership Summit, which is hosted by the Willow Creek Association.

In June 2011, Jack Welch revealed in an interview with Piers Morgan that he is a Republican.

See also

• Vitality curve

References

1. ^ Storrs, Francis (March 2006). "The 50 Wealthiest Bostonians". Boston Magazine. Retrieved 2008-10-03. {{cite web}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |coauthors= (help)
2. "Jack Welch: 'I Fell In Love'". CBS News.
3. John F. Welch, "Microscopic Study of Dropwise Condensation", Ph.D. Thesis, University of Illinois, 1961
4. "Failure 101: A class students could use". New York City: MSNBC. November 5, 2009. Retrieved 2009-11-09.
5. ^ Cite error: The named reference Byrne1998 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
6. Betsy Morris, 'Tearing up the Jack Welch playbook' (11.7.2006) Fortune at CNNmoney.com
7. Guerrera, Francesco (2009-03-12). "Welch rues short-term profit 'obsession'". Financial Times. Retrieved 2009-03-12. {{cite news}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |coauthors= (help)
8. "Jack Welch's Encore". Businessweek.com. 1997-06-14. Retrieved 2010-07-12.
9. Gow, David (2002-09-17). "SEC inquiry as Jack Welch gives up freebies". The Guardian. London.
10. "FORTUNE - GE's Jack Welch Named Manager of the Century - November 01, 1999". Timewarner.com. 1999-04-26. Retrieved 2010-07-12.
11. Khurana, Rakesh (2002-09-13). "Good Charisma, Bad Business". New York Times. Retrieved 2008-07-06. {{cite news}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |coauthors= (help)
12. "'Hardball with Chris Matthews' for July 12, 2006". MSNBC. 2006-07-13. Retrieved 2010-07-12.
13. Jack Welch Gives Straight Talk About Winning
14. Bertaccini, Donna (2004-11-08). "Lovers seek lawyers as divorce booms". BBC News. Retrieved 2010-07-12.
15. http://www.observer.com/2004/04/suzy-wetlaufer-preparing-to-be-neutron-jackie/
16. "Sacred Heart University Names College of Business for Legendary GE Chairman Jack Welch". Sacredheart.edu. Retrieved 2010-07-12.
17. "Corporate icon Jack Welch to teach at MIT Sloan". Mitsloan.mit.edu. 2006-03-09. Retrieved 2010-07-12.
18. Sasso, Peter. "Peter Sasso reports on MSNBC's Morning Joe: global warming skepticism". Newsbusters.org. Retrieved 2010-07-12.
19. "Fresh Dialogues Interview with Alison van Diggelen, May 2009". Freshdialogues.com. 2009-05-12. Retrieved 2010-07-12.
20. Melissa Korn (11 November, 2011). "Welch to Move School Out of Chancellor University". Wall Street Journal. Retrieved 15 March 2012. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
21. Geoff Gloeckler (22 June 2009). "Jack Welch Launches Online MBA". Bloomberg Businessweek. Retrieved 15 March 2012.
22. Paul Glader (9 November 2011). "Exclusive: Management Guru Jack Welch Talks About Digital Education, Online MBAs & Modern CEOs With WA". Wired Academic. Retrieved 19 March 2012.
23. http://www.minnpost.com/minnpotus/2011/06/09/29011/former_ge_chairman_jack_welch_on_cnn_says_he_likes_pawlenty

Further reading

• Jack: Straight From The Gut, (ISBN 0-446-69068-6)
• Winning by Jack and Suzy Welch - HarperCollins (April 2005), (ISBN 0-06-075394-3)
• Winning: The Answers by Jack and Suzy Welch - Harper 2006, (ISBN 0-00725264-1)
• Jack Welch and the GE way : management insights and leadership secrets of the legendary CEO by Robert Slater (ISBN

0070581045)

• The New GE: How Jack Welch Revived an American Institution, (ISBN 1-55623-670-0)
• Jacked Up: The Inside Story of how Jack Welch Talked GE into Becoming the World's Greatest Company by Bill Lane - McGraw Hill (2008), (ISBN 978-0-07-154410-8)
• At Any Cost: Jack Welch, General Electric, and the Pursuit of Profit, (ISBN 0-375-70567-8)

External links

Official

• Official website

Articles

• IMNO Interviews Jack Welch Nov 2004
• The Six-Sigma Zone

Videos

• Jack Welch Interview with Bill Hybels at The Global Leadership Summit 2010
• Jack Welch on Leadership
• April 27, 2005 - Mr. Welch speaks about creating candor in the workplace at the Stanford Graduate School of Business
• April 12, 2005 - A Conversation with Jack Welch at MIT Sloan School of Management
• October 16, 2001 - Mr. Welch speaks at the Kellogg School of Management
• 2000 (?) - Mr. Welch at the Fairfield University-Charles F. Dolan School of Business
• September 12, 2005 Mr. Welch speaks at the Rotman School of management in Toronto
• Jack Welch talks about Leadership and the State of Corporate America at UCLA Anderson School of Management
• October 16, 2001 - Jack Welch at University of Chicago Graduate School of Business

Other

• Bio for Jack Welch as featured speaker at the 2011 World Business Forum

• 1935 births
• Living people
• American business writers
• American chemical engineers
• American chief executives
• American philanthropists
• General Electric people
• People from Essex County, Massachusetts
• Rockefeller Center
• University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign alumni
• University of Massachusetts Amherst alumni
• MIT Sloan School of Management faculty