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==Timeline of Space Race firsts (1957-1975)== ==Timeline of Space Race firsts (1957-1975)==
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|- |-
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|publisher= Scientific and Technical Information Branch, National Aeronautics and Space Administration, |publisher= Scientific and Technical Information Branch, National Aeronautics and Space Administration,
|location= Washington |location= Washington
|isbn= 0160489091 |isbn= 0-16-048909-1
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|publisher= University of Nebraska Press |publisher= University of Nebraska Press
|location= ] |location= ]
|isbn= 0803262124 |isbn= 0-8032-6212-4
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|publisher= ] |publisher= ]
|location= Boston |location= Boston
|isbn= 0316172383 |isbn= 0-316-17238-3
|url= http://www.amazon.com/Unfinished-Life-John-Kennedy-1917-1963/dp/0316172383/ref=sr_1_1?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1279943573&sr=1-1}} |url= http://www.amazon.com/Unfinished-Life-John-Kennedy-1917-1963/dp/0316172383/ref=sr_1_1?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1279943573&sr=1-1}}
*{{Cite book *{{Cite book
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|publisher= Seven Locks Press |publisher= Seven Locks Press
|location= ] |location= ]
|isbn= 1931643121 |isbn= 1-931643-12-1
|url= http://books.google.com/books?id=uFTbAAAAMAAJ&dq=isbn:1931643121&ei=f4ZKTLq6NIKEyAT9nNXkCQ&cd=1 |url= http://books.google.com/books?id=uFTbAAAAMAAJ&dq=isbn:1931643121&ei=f4ZKTLq6NIKEyAT9nNXkCQ&cd=1
|accessdate=}} |accessdate=}}
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|publisher= Apogee Books |publisher= Apogee Books
|location= ] |location= ]
|isbn= 1896522831 |isbn= 1-896522-83-1
|url=http://www.space.com/spacelibrary/books/library_gainor_020125.html |url=http://www.space.com/spacelibrary/books/library_gainor_020125.html
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| year = 1976 | year = 1976
| pages = 100–101 | pages = 100–101
| isbn = 0025428209}} | isbn = 0-02-542820-9}}
* {{Cite book * {{Cite book
|title= Soyuz: A Universal Spacecraft |title= Soyuz: A Universal Spacecraft
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|publisher= ] |publisher= ]
|location= New York |location= New York
|isbn= 1852336579 |isbn= 1-85233-657-9
|url= http://books.google.com/books?id=dbGchpi1HP8C&printsec=frontcover&dq=isbn:1852336579&ei=3IhKTPuvL5qIyATUhaWzCQ&cd=1#v=onepage&q&f=false |url= http://books.google.com/books?id=dbGchpi1HP8C&printsec=frontcover&dq=isbn:1852336579&ei=3IhKTPuvL5qIyATUhaWzCQ&cd=1#v=onepage&q&f=false
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|publisher= John Wiley & Sons |publisher= John Wiley & Sons
|location= New York |location= New York
|isbn= 0471148539 |isbn= 0-471-14853-9
|url= |url=
|accessdate=}} |accessdate=}}
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|publisher= ] |publisher= ]
|location= New York |location= New York
|isbn= 1852332034 |isbn= 1-85233-203-4
|url= http://books.google.com/books?id=DrgvjPsfwhsC&printsec=frontcover&dq=isbn:1852332034&ei=hHdKTOG_JpSszgTDobXOCQ&cd=1#v=onepage&q&f=false |url= http://books.google.com/books?id=DrgvjPsfwhsC&printsec=frontcover&dq=isbn:1852332034&ei=hHdKTOG_JpSszgTDobXOCQ&cd=1#v=onepage&q&f=false
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|publisher= ] |publisher= ]
|location= Gainsville |location= Gainsville
|isbn= 081302627X |isbn= 0-8130-2627-X
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*{{Cite book *{{Cite book
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|publisher= ] |publisher= ]
|location= Gainsville |location= Gainsville
|isbn= 0813026288 |isbn= 0-8130-2628-8
|url= |url=
}} }}
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|publisher= ] |publisher= ]
|location= New York |location= New York
|isbn= 0609610015 |isbn= 0-609-61001-5
|url= http://books.google.com/books?id=7JJTAAAAMAAJ&dq=isbn:0609610015&ei=8WtKTPKXNamkygSDvK3CCQ&cd=1 |url= http://books.google.com/books?id=7JJTAAAAMAAJ&dq=isbn:0609610015&ei=8WtKTPKXNamkygSDvK3CCQ&cd=1
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|publisher= ] |publisher= ]
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|isbn= 0553050931 |isbn= 0-553-05093-1
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Revision as of 21:38, 9 May 2012

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Timeline of Space Race firsts (1957-1975)

A chart showing one interpretation of relative accomplishments with space probes and human space flight by graphing the cumulative achievement of a specific set of those accomplishments.
Date Significance  Soviet Union Mission  US Mission
August 21, 1957 First intercontinental ballistic missile (ICBM) R-7 Semyorka
October 4, 1957 First artificial satellite
First signals from space
Sputnik 1
November 3, 1957 First animal in orbit (dog Laika) Sputnik 2
January 31, 1958 First detection of Van Allen radiation belts Explorer 1-ABMA
March 17, 1958 First solar powered satellite Vanguard 1-NRL
December 18, 1958 First communications satellite Project SCORE-ABMA
January 2, 1959 First rocket engine restart in Earth orbit
First lunar spacecraft
First detection of solar wind
Luna 1
January 4, 1959 First human-made object in heliocentric orbit Luna 1
February 17, 1959 First weather satellite Vanguard 2-NRL
February 28, 1959 First satellite in a polar orbit Discoverer 1-DARPA
August 7, 1959 First photograph of Earth from orbit Explorer 6-NASA
September 13, 1959 First impact into another celestial body (Moon) Luna 2
October 4, 1959 First photos of far side of the Moon Luna 3
April 1, 1960 First Imaging weather satellite TIROS-1-NASA
July 5, 1960 First reconnaissance satellite GRAB-1-NRL
August 11, 1960 First satellite recovered intact from orbit Discoverer 13-USAF
August 12, 1960 First passive communications satellite Echo 1A-NASA
August 18, 1960 First reconnaissance satellite KH-1 9009-USAF
August 19, 1960 First animals and plants returned alive from space Sputnik 5
1961 First launch from orbit
First mid-course corrections
First spin-stabilisation
Venera 1
April 12, 1961 First human spaceflight (Yuri Gagarin) Vostok 1
May 5, 1961 First pilot-controlled space flight (Alan Shepard) Freedom 7
March 7, 1962 First orbital solar observatory OSO-1-NASA
August 12, 1962 First simultaneous launch of two human-piloted spacecraft
First ship-to-ship radio contact
Vostok 3 / Vostok 4
December 14, 1962 First planetary flyby (Venus) Mariner 2-NASA
June 16, 1963 First woman in space (Valentina Tereshkova)
First civilian in space
Vostok 6
June 19, 1963 Five-day human spaceflight record Vostok 5
July 19, 1963 First reusable piloted spacecraft (X-15, suborbital) X-15 Flight 90-NASA
July 26, 1963 First geosynchronous satellite Syncom 2-NASA
December 5, 1963 First satellite navigation system NAVSAT-USN
August 19, 1964 First geostationary satellite Syncom 3-NASA
October 12, 1964 First multi-person crew (3) Voskhod 1
March 18, 1965 First extra-vehicular activity ("space walk") Voskhod 2
March 23, 1965 First piloted spacecraft orbit change Gemini 3-NASA
July 14, 1965 First Mars flyby Mariner 4-NASA
August 29, 1965 Eight-day human spaceflight record Gemini 5-NASA
December 15, 1965 First orbital rendezvous (station-keeping, no docking) Gemini 6A / Gemini 7-NASA
December 18, 1965 14-day human spaceflight record Gemini 7-NASA
February 3, 1966 First soft landing on another celestial body (Moon)
First photos from another celestial body
Luna 9
March 1, 1966 First impact into another planet (Venus) Venera 3
March 16, 1966 First spacecraft docking Gemini 8 / Agena target vehicle-NASA
April 3, 1966 First artificial satellite to orbit another celestial body: the Moon Luna 10
September 12, 1966 First direct-ascent rendezvous on first orbit
Record highest apogee, 1,374 kilometers (854 mi), for piloted Earth orbit
Gemini 11/Agena target vehicle-NASA
November 12–14, 1966 First 5.5 hr extra-vehicular activity
First demonstration of practical work capability
Gemini 12-NASA
October 30, 1967 First docking of two remote-controlled spacecraft Cosmos 186/ Cosmos 188
December 7, 1968 First orbital ultraviolet observatory OAO-2-NASA
December 21, 1968 First human-crewed spaceflight to, and orbit of, another celestial object: the Moon Apollo 8-NASA
January 16, 1969 First crew exchange in space Soyuz 4 /
Soyuz 5
July 21, 1969 First humans on the Moon
First space launch from another celestial body
Apollo 11-NASA
November 19, 1969 First precisely targeted piloted landing on the Moon (Surveyor 3 site) Apollo 12-NASA
September 24, 1970 First robotic automatic sample return from another celestial body: the Moon Luna 16
November 23, 1970 First remote-controlled mobile vehicle on another celestial body: the Moon Lunokhod 1
December 12, 1970 First X-ray orbital observatory Uhuru (satellite)-NASA
December 15, 1970 First soft landing on another planet (Venus)
First signals from another planet
Venera 7
April 23, 1971 First human-crewed space station launched Salyut 1
June 29, 1971 First human-crewed orbital observatory (Orion 1)
23-day manned space record
Soyuz 11 / Salyut 1
July 31, 1971 First mobile vehicle lunar rover driven by humans on the Moon Apollo 15-NASA
November 14, 1971 First spacecraft to orbit another planet: Mars, Mariner 9-NASA
November 27, 1971 First impact into Mars Mars 2
December 2, 1971 First soft Mars landing
First signals from Mars surface
Mars 3
March 3, 1972 First human-made object sent on escape trajectory away from the Sun Pioneer 10-NASA
July 15, 1972 First mission to enter the asteroid belt and leave inner solar system Pioneer 10-NASA
15 November 1972 First orbital gamma ray observatory SAS-2-NASA
May 25, 1973 28-day human-crewed space record Skylab 1-NASA
July 28, 1973 56-day human-crewed space record Skylab 2-NASA
November 16, 1973 84-day human-crewed space record Skylab 3-NASA
December 3, 1973 First Jupiter flyby Pioneer 10-NASA
February 5, 1974 First planetary gravitational assist (Venus flyby) Mariner 10-NASA
March 29, 1974 First Mercury flyby Mariner 10-NASA
July 15, 1975 First multinational human-crewed mission Soyuz 19 Apollo-Soyuz Test Project

References

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