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| ==Divisions== | ==Divisions== | ||
| ====General divisions==== | ====General divisions==== | ||
| *Dagdung (belonging to the North) |
*Dagdung (belonging to the North) | ||
| *Daktok (belonging to the South) |
*Daktok (belonging to the South) | ||
| ====Linguistic divisions==== | ====Linguistic divisions==== | ||
| Typically, it is easy to identify a Dagdung or Daktok from his surname. A further classification can be based on the "dialect" of the language. These groups are: | Typically, it is easy to identify a Dagdung or Daktok from his or her surname. A further classification can be based on the "dialect" of the language. These groups are: | ||
| *Pagro, | *Pagro, | ||
| *Mohying |
*Mohying | ||
| *Sahyang |
*Sahyang | ||
| *Delu |
*Delu | ||
| *Dambuk | *Dambuk | ||
| *Oyan |
*Oyan | ||
| *Samuguria |
*Samuguria | ||
| *Tamar |
*Tamar | ||
| *Samua |
*Samua | ||
| The variations of Mishing spoken by these groups differ from each other in intonation, sentence formation, word usage etc., with the exception of Samugurias, who do not speak Mishing at all. They use Assamese instead. | The variations of Mishing spoken by these groups differ from each other in intonation, sentence formation, word usage, etc., with the exception of Samugurias, who do not speak Mishing at all. They use Assamese instead. | ||
| Mishing surnames reflect the clan (opeen) they belong to. Over 51 clans have been identified so far. | Mishing surnames reflect the clan (''opeen'') they belong to. Over 51 clans have been identified so far. | ||
| This is a social setup that has been followed since time immemorial. Other clans (people having surnames besides Doley and Pegu) claim brotherhood (seegnam) alongside either Pegu or Doley. For example, Patirs,Pathori and Lagachus (among others) are regarded as brothers to Pegus, and to each other. Similarly, Kutums and Kulis (among others) and regarded as brothers to Doley. | This is a social setup that has been followed since time immemorial. Other clans (people having surnames besides Doley and Pegu) claim brotherhood (''seegnam'') alongside either Pegu or Doley. For example, Patirs, Pathori and Lagachus (among others) are regarded as brothers to Pegus, and to each other. Similarly, Kutums and Kulis (among others) and regarded as brothers to Doley. | ||
| This classification of "brotherhood" was made primarily for marital reasons. Clans belonging to the same brotherhood of Pegu are not to marry within the clan, and the same applies for the Doley brotherhood. However, there is yet another group of clans that can freely marry within either Pegu or Doley. Surnames like Morang, Payeng, Pangging,Taye, Mili etc. belong to this group. Marriage between two people having the same surname is taboo. |
This classification of "brotherhood" was made primarily for marital reasons. Clans belonging to the same brotherhood of Pegu are not to marry within the clan, and the same applies for the Doley brotherhood. However, there is yet another group of clans that can freely marry within either Pegu or Doley. Surnames like Morang, Payeng, Pangging, Taye, Mili, etc. belong to this group. Marriage between two people having the same surname is taboo. | ||
| ==References== | ==References== | ||
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The Mishings are an ethnic group inhabiting the districts of Dhemaji, North Lakhimpur, Sonitpur, Tinsukia, Dibrugarh, Sibsagar, Jorhat and Golaghat of Assam. Nearly 20,000 live in and around Pasighat of East Siang, Lower Dibang Valley and Lohit districts of Arunachal Pradesh. They are the second largest tribe in Assam and one of the largest tribal groups in North-East India. They were earlier called Miris. However the Constitution of India still refers them as Miris. Further steps are being taken for amending the nomenclature from Miri to Mising"" in the Indian Constitution by the students of Cotton College of North East India.
The Mishings belong to a mixture of East Asian as well as Southeast Asian Mongoloids, similar to the mixture of the Mongoloids inside political China (people from Southern China may look more like the South East Asian brown-skinned Mongoloids and Northern China has more fair-skinned Mongoloids. It's not known exactly where they migrated from, but it is believed that they originally lived in the hills of present day Arunachal Pradesh. This explains the cultural and linguistic similarities they have with the people of the Adi (erstwhile Abor) tribe, and to some extent of the Hill Miri and Dafla tribes of Arunachal Pradesh. Somewhere around the 13th century, they started migrating towards the plains of Assam, most likley in search of fertile land. That exodus continued for at least 2–3 centuries.
They found one of the most fertile river-beds (that of the Brahmaputra) and settled on both banks along the length of the river, starting right from Sadiya in the east, to Jorhat in the west. They continued their practice of living in thatched houses raised on bamboo stilts, known as Chang ghar.
The yearly floods ensured that the Mishings lived a life of abject poverty and misery. Agriculture being their main occupation, floods affect them in more ways than one. Moreover, their affinity towards living close to river banks brings about malaria and water-borne diseases. Nevertheless, 94% still continue to live along the banks of Brahmaputra and its tributaries.
Their chief festival is Ali-Aye-Leegang, in February, which marks the beginning of the sowing season. Most Mishings follow both Donyi-Polo and Hinduism , and there are a few Christians who follow the Catholic or Baptist faith.
Language
The Mishing language belongs to the Tibeto-Burman family of languages, and is spoken by some 25,000 people.
Script:
Mishing language is written in modified Roman script (Govt. of Assam recognition on 30 October 1985).
Divisions
General divisions
- Dagdung (belonging to the North)
- Daktok (belonging to the South)
Linguistic divisions
Typically, it is easy to identify a Dagdung or Daktok from his or her surname. A further classification can be based on the "dialect" of the language. These groups are:
- Pagro,
- Mohying
- Sahyang
- Delu
- Dambuk
- Oyan
- Samuguria
- Tamar
- Samua
The variations of Mishing spoken by these groups differ from each other in intonation, sentence formation, word usage, etc., with the exception of Samugurias, who do not speak Mishing at all. They use Assamese instead.
Mishing surnames reflect the clan (opeen) they belong to. Over 51 clans have been identified so far.
This is a social setup that has been followed since time immemorial. Other clans (people having surnames besides Doley and Pegu) claim brotherhood (seegnam) alongside either Pegu or Doley. For example, Patirs, Pathori and Lagachus (among others) are regarded as brothers to Pegus, and to each other. Similarly, Kutums and Kulis (among others) and regarded as brothers to Doley.
This classification of "brotherhood" was made primarily for marital reasons. Clans belonging to the same brotherhood of Pegu are not to marry within the clan, and the same applies for the Doley brotherhood. However, there is yet another group of clans that can freely marry within either Pegu or Doley. Surnames like Morang, Payeng, Pangging, Taye, Mili, etc. belong to this group. Marriage between two people having the same surname is taboo.
References
- Kashyap, Samudra Gupta (2000-07-10), More reconversion stories, this time from Assam "More reconversion stories, this time from Assam", The Indian Express, retrieved 2007-12-07
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- M. Narimattam (1988). The Valley in Blossom: Neo-Vaishnavism and the Peoples of the Brahmaputra Valley. Spectrum Publications. p. 77.
External links
- Indigenous Communities from India
- The Mishings of Assam by Jatin Mipun
- Native Planet profile
- Ethnologue profile, old profile
- ST Status for the Mising Community
- Assamese people
- The Hindu: Flood of trouble
| Tribes of Arunachal Pradesh | |
|---|---|
| Major tribes | |
| Scheduled tribes (Recognised by government) |
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| Other tribes (Not recognised by government) | |