Warrington bombings: Difference between revisions

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	==Second attack==		==Second attack==
	Shortly before midday on 20 March 1993, telephone help charity ] received a coded message that a bomb was going to be detonated outside the ] shop in ], about {{convert\|15\|mi\|km}} away from Warrington. ] investigated, and also warned the ] (who patrolled Warrington). About 30 minutes later, at about 12:25,<ref name="ind22mar">. '']''. 22 March 1993.</ref><ref name="ind23mar">. '']''. 23 March 1993.</ref><ref name="record">. ''Record Journal'' (from the ''Associated Pres''). 21 March 1993.</ref><ref name="pittsburgh">. ''Pittsburgh Post-Gazette''. 23 March 1993.</ref> two bombs exploded on Bridge Street in Warrington. The blasts happened within a minute of each-other.<ref name="ind22mar"/> One exploded outside Boots and McDonalds, showering fifty children in the restaurant with glass<ref>{{cite news\| url=http://www.warringtonguardian.co.uk/news/features/warringtonbombing/4274501.Ron_Riley_recalls_saving_Bronwen_Vickers__life/ }}</ref>, and one outside the ] catalogue store. The area was crowded with shoppers. Witnesses said that "the first explosion drove panicking shoppers into the path of the next blast just seconds later". It was later found that the bombs had been placed inside ] ]s, causing large amounts of ].<ref name="pittsburgh"/> Buses were organized to ferry people away from the scene and 20 paramedics and crews from 17 ambulances were sent to deal with the aftermath.		Shortly before midday on 20 March 1993, telephone help charity ] received a coded message that a bomb was going to be detonated outside the ] shop in ], about {{convert\|15\|mi\|km}} away from Warrington. ] investigated, and also warned the ] (who patrolled Warrington). About 30 minutes later, at about 12:25,<ref name="ind22mar">. '']''. 22 March 1993.</ref><ref name="ind23mar">. '']''. 23 March 1993.</ref><ref name="record">. ''Record Journal'' (from the ''Associated Pres''). 21 March 1993.</ref><ref name="pittsburgh">. ''Pittsburgh Post-Gazette''. 23 March 1993.</ref> two bombs exploded on Bridge Street in Warrington. The blasts happened within a minute of each other.<ref name="ind22mar"/> One exploded outside Boots and McDonalds, showering fifty children in the restaurant with glass<ref>{{cite news\| url=http://www.warringtonguardian.co.uk/news/features/warringtonbombing/4274501.Ron_Riley_recalls_saving_Bronwen_Vickers__life/ }}</ref>, and one outside the ] catalogue store. The area was crowded with shoppers. Witnesses said that "the first explosion drove panicking shoppers into the path of the next blast just seconds later". It was later found that the bombs had been placed inside ] ]s, causing large amounts of ].<ref name="pittsburgh"/> Buses were organized to ferry people away from the scene and 20 paramedics and crews from 17 ambulances were sent to deal with the aftermath.

	Three-year-old Johnathan Ball died at the scene, while his babysitter survived.<ref>. Retrieved 14 April 2011</ref> The second victim, 12-year-old Tim Parry, who received the full force of the blast, was gravely wounded. He died on 25 March 1993 when doctors switched his ] machine off, having asked permission to do so from his family, after a series of tests had found minimal brain activity.<ref>, ''New York Times'', 26 March 1993</ref> Fifty-four other people were injured, four of them seriously.<ref name="hansard"/>		Three-year-old Johnathan Ball died at the scene, while his babysitter survived.<ref>. Retrieved 14 April 2011</ref> The second victim, 12-year-old Tim Parry, who received the full force of the blast, was gravely wounded. He died on 25 March 1993 when doctors switched his ] machine off, having asked permission to do so from his family, after a series of tests had found minimal brain activity.<ref>, ''New York Times'', 26 March 1993</ref> Fifty-four other people were injured, four of them seriously.<ref name="hansard"/>

Revision as of 02:42, 5 August 2012

Warrington bombings
Part of The Troubles
Location	Warrington, Cheshire, England
Date	26 February 1993 04:00 (GMT) 20 March 1993 12:25 (GMT)
Target	1st attack: a district pressure gas storage facility 2nd attack: businesses on Bridge Street, Warrington
Attack type	Bombing
Deaths	2
Injured	56
Perpetrator	Provisional IRA
Motive	see Provisional IRA

The Warrington bombings were two separate bombing attacks that happened during early 1993 in Warrington, England. The first attack happened in February when a bomb exploded at a district pressure gas storage facility. It caused extensive damage but no injuries; however, an unarmed police officer was shot and injured by one of the bombers. The second attack happened in March on Bridge Street. Two small bombs exploded in litter bins outside a Boots store and a McDonald's restaurant, killing two unarmed British children and injuring many other people. A false warning was sent by PIRA which claimed that the bomb was in Liverpool, making evacuation of the actual target impossible. Both attacks were perpetrated by the Provisional Irish Republican Army (IRA).

First attack

The first attack took place on 26 February 1993. Three devices exploded at the gas storage facility causing extensive damage. An unarmed police officer, PC Mark Toker, was shot and injured after stopping a van connected to the attacks, and a car was hijacked.

Second attack

Shortly before midday on 20 March 1993, telephone help charity The Samaritans received a coded message that a bomb was going to be detonated outside the Boots shop in Liverpool, about 15 miles (24 km) away from Warrington. Merseyside Police investigated, and also warned the Cheshire Constabulary (who patrolled Warrington). About 30 minutes later, at about 12:25, two bombs exploded on Bridge Street in Warrington. The blasts happened within a minute of each other. One exploded outside Boots and McDonalds, showering fifty children in the restaurant with glass, and one outside the Argos catalogue store. The area was crowded with shoppers. Witnesses said that "the first explosion drove panicking shoppers into the path of the next blast just seconds later". It was later found that the bombs had been placed inside cast-iron litter bins, causing large amounts of shrapnel. Buses were organized to ferry people away from the scene and 20 paramedics and crews from 17 ambulances were sent to deal with the aftermath.

Three-year-old Johnathan Ball died at the scene, while his babysitter survived. The second victim, 12-year-old Tim Parry, who received the full force of the blast, was gravely wounded. He died on 25 March 1993 when doctors switched his life support machine off, having asked permission to do so from his family, after a series of tests had found minimal brain activity. Fifty-four other people were injured, four of them seriously.

The day after the bombing, the IRA admitted that its volunteers had planted the bombs. In a statement, it said:

Responsibility for the tragic and deeply regrettable death and injuries caused in Warrington yesterday lies squarely at the door of those in the British authorities who deliberately failed to act on precise and adequate warnings.

A day later, an IRA spokesman said that "two precise warnings" had been given "in adequate time", one to the Samaritans and one to Merseyside Police. He added: "You don't provide warnings if it is your intention to kill". Cheshire's assistant chief constable denied there had been a second warning and said: "If the IRA think they can pass on their responsibility for this terrible act by issuing such a nonsensical statement, they have sadly underestimated the understanding of the British public".

Aftermath

On 1 April 1993, the Irish Government announced measures designed to make extradition easier from the Republic of Ireland to the United Kingdom.

In 1994 Irish rock band The Cranberries released the song "Zombie", which was written as a protest to the bombings. The song went on to become one of their biggest hits.

The parents of Tim Parry set up the Tim Parry Trust Fund to promote greater understanding between Great Britain and the two parts of Ireland.

References

Child killed in Warrington bomb attack, BBC On This Day, 20 March 1993
^ Hansard – Terrorist Incidents
Pithers, Malcolm; Mackinnon, Ian (21 March 1993). The Independent http://www.independent.co.uk/news/boy-of-four-dies-as-ira-bombers-attack-shoppers-many-shoppers-injured-as-blasts-rip-through-busy-market-1499148.html. {{cite news}}: Missing or empty |title= (help)
BBC:IRA campaign in England
Gas bombers may be freed, This is Cheshire, 18 May 2000
^ "May God forgive them, because we can't". The Independent. 22 March 1993.
^ "IRA insists Warrington bomb alerts were given". The Independent. 23 March 1993.
"Child, 4, dies in British bombing". Record Journal (from the Associated Pres). 21 March 1993.
^ "Outrage over death of boy in bombing a setback for the IRA". Pittsburgh Post-Gazette. 23 March 1993.
http://www.warringtonguardian.co.uk/news/features/warringtonbombing/4274501.Ron_Riley_recalls_saving_Bronwen_Vickers__life/. {{cite news}}: Missing or empty |title= (help)
"Child killed in Warrington bomb attack: 1993" BBC - On This Day - 20 March 1993. Retrieved 14 April 2011
Rage at I.R.A. Grows in England As Second Boy Dies From a Bomb, New York Times, 26 March 1993
English, Richard. Armed Struggle: The history of the IRA. Pan MacMillan, 2004. p.279
^ Lost Lives. Mainstream Publishing. 2008. pp. 1314–1315. ISBN ]. {{cite book}}: Check |isbn= value: invalid character (help)
Peter Buckley, Jonathan Buckley (2003). The Rough Guide to Rock. Rough Guides. ISBN 1-84353-105-4.

External links

Memorial service in 2008 for the victims
The Tim Parry Johnathan Ball Foundation for Peace
Child killed in Warrington bomb attack — from the BBC News On This Day feature
The Damien Walsh Memorial Lecture by Roy Greenslade, 4 August 1998 "Some time later, political analysts Paul Bew and Gordon Gillespie, commented that the Warrington bombing created 'a wave of revulsion throughout the British Isles against terrorist killings.' What they meant, of course, was that media coverage of the deaths created a wave of revulsion."

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