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Paul Ryan
Member of the U.S. House of Representatives from Wisconsin's 1st district
Incumbent
Assumed office January 3, 1999
Preceded by	Mark Neumann
Chairman of the House Budget Committee
Incumbent
Assumed office January 3, 2011
Preceded by	John Spratt
Personal details
Born	Paul Davis Ryan (1970-01-29) January 29, 1970 (age 54) Janesville, Wisconsin, U.S.
Political party	Republican
Spouse	Janna Little
Children	Elizabeth Charles Samuel
Alma mater	Miami University (B.A.)
Website	Congressional website

This article is part of a series about Paul Ryan
Political positions Electoral history Vice presidential campaigns 2012 selection convention election Speaker of the House 2015 election 2017 re-election The Path to Prosperity A Better Way
v t e

Paul Davis Ryan (born January 29, 1970) is an American politician and, since 1999, the U.S. Representative for Wisconsin's 1st congressional district. On August 11, 2012, Mitt Romney chose Ryan to be his running mate, making him the presumptive nominee of the Republican Party for Vice President of the United States in the 2012 election.

Born and raised in Janesville, Wisconsin, Ryan earned a B.A. degree from Miami University in Ohio. Following his studies, he worked as an aide to United States Senator Bob Kasten of Wisconsin, as legislative director for Senator Sam Brownback of Kansas, and as a speechwriter for former U.S. Representative and 1996 Republican vice presidential nominee Jack Kemp of New York. In 1998, Ryan won election to the United States House of Representatives, succeeding Republican Mark Neumann. He is now in his seventh term.

As chair of the House Budget Committee, Ryan has focused on fiscal policy and has proposed privatizing Social Security, replacing Medicare in the future with a voucher program for those now under 55, and turning Medicaid and the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (Food Stamp Program) into block grants to the states. Ryan introduced a plan, The Path to Prosperity, in April 2011 which included significant changes to Medicare. He then helped introduce the similar The Path to Prosperity: A Blueprint for American Renewal in March 2012.

Early life and education

Ryan was born and raised in Janesville, Wisconsin, the youngest of four children of Elizabeth A. "Betty" (née Hutter) and Paul Murray Ryan, a lawyer. He is a fifth generation Wisconsinite. His father was of Irish ancestry and his mother is of German and some English descent. His great-grandfather, Patrick William Ryan (1858–1917), founded the Ryan Incorporated Central construction business in 1884. Ryan's grandfather was appointed U.S. Attorney for the Western District of Wisconsin by President Calvin Coolidge.

While growing up, Ryan and his family often went on hiking and skiing trips in the Colorado Rocky Mountains. Since Ryan shares his first name with his father, he was given the nickname, "P.D." (for Paul Davis), but it was often mistaken for "Petey," a name which Ryan disliked. His father died of a heart attack in bed where Ryan found him at the age of 16. According to Ryan, his father, grandfather and great-grandfather all died from heart attacks at ages 55, 57, and 59 respectively, inspiring his later interest in health and exercise. After his father's death, Ryan's grandmother, who suffered from Alzheimer's disease, moved in with his family and he helped care for her. His father’s death provided Ryan with Social Security benefits until his 18th birthday, which he saved to pay for his education at Miami University of Ohio.

As a junior at Joseph A. Craig High School in Janesville, Ryan was elected class president, which made him prom king and gave him his first political position, a seat on the school board representing his high school. He competed in track, was on his high school's ski and varsity soccer teams and played basketball in a Catholic recreational league, as well as being a member of several academic and social clubs and the Model United Nations. After his sophomore year he worked the grill at McDonald's.

Ryan majored in economics and political science at Miami University, in Oxford, Ohio, where he became interested in the writings of Friedrich Hayek, Ludwig von Mises, and Milton Friedman. He often visited the office of professor Richard Hart to discuss the ideas of economists such as Friedman and Hayek, and the writings of Ayn Rand. Hart was a libertarian who introduced Ryan to the National Review. Ryan also studied at the Washington Semester program at American University, where he played pick-up basketball games with NBC journalist David Gregory. He worked summers as a salesman for Oscar Mayer, even driving the Wienermobile once. During his junior year at Miami University, Ryan worked as an intern in the D.C. offices of Senator Bob Kasten of Wisconsin, a job he landed with Hart's recommendation. While a student, Ryan also did volunteer work for the congressional campaign of John Boehner. He was a member of the Delta Tau Delta social fraternity. Ryan was awarded his B.A. in 1992 with a double major in economics and political science.

Early political career

Betty Ryan reportedly urged her son to accept a congressional position as a staff economist attached to Kasten's office, which he did after graduating in 1992. In his early years working on Capitol Hill, Ryan supplemented his income by working as a waiter, as a fitness trainer and at various other side jobs.

A few months after Kasten was defeated by Democrat Russ Feingold in the 1992 election, Ryan became a speechwriter for Empower America (now FreedomWorks), a conservative advocacy group founded by Jack Kemp, Jeane Kirkpatrick, and William Bennett. Ryan later worked as a speechwriter for Kemp, the Republican vice presidential candidate in the 1996 United States presidential election. Kemp became Ryan's mentor, and Ryan cites him as a "huge influence." Ryan later worked for U.S. Senator Sam Brownback of Kansas before returned to Wisconsin in 1997, where he worked for a year as a marketing consultant for Ryan Incorporated Central, his relatives' construction company.

U.S. House of Representatives

Elections

Ryan was first elected to the House in 1998, when two-term incumbent Mark Neumann retired from his seat in order to make a bid (unsuccessful) for the U.S. Senate. Ryan won the Republican primary over 29-year-old pianist Michael J. Logan of Twin Lakes and the general election against Democratic opponent Lydia Spottswood. He became the second-youngest member of the House.

Ryan successfully defended his seat against Democratic challenger Jeffrey C. Thomas in 2000, 2002, 2004, and 2006. In 2002, Ryan had also faced Libertarian candidate George Meyers. Ryan defeated Democratic nominee Marge Krupp in the 2008 general election in his district.

Ryan defeated Democratic nominee John Heckenlively and the Libertarian nominee Joseph Kexel in the 2010 general election in his district.

Ryan had planned to face Rob Zerban (D) and Keith Deschler (Libertarian) in the 2012 Congressional elections. The primary contest is scheduled for August 14; Ryan is the only candidate seeking the Republican Party nomination. Under Wisconsin election law, Ryan is allowed to run concurrently for vice president as he competes for his eighth term in Congress. Ryan has over $5.4 million in his Congressional campaign account, more than any other House member.

Tenure

Following his first election to the U.S. House of Representatives in 1998, he had a walk-in delivery van converted into a “Mobile Constituent Service Center” that allowed him and his staff to meet with his constituents at rural locations across Wisconsin's 1st congressional district.

In 2011, he was selected to deliver the Republican response to the State of the Union address. In 2012, he accused the nation's top military leaders of using "smoke and mirrors" to remain under budget limits passed by Congress. Ryan later said that he misspoke on the issue and called General Martin Dempsey, the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, to apologize for his comments.

During his 13 years in the House, Ryan originated two bills that ultimately were enacted into law. One, passed in July 2000, renamed a post office in Ryan's district; the other, passed in December 2008, lowered the excise tax on arrow shafts.

Committee assignments

• Committee on the Budget (Chairman)
• Committee on Ways and Means
  • Subcommittee on Health

Caucus memberships

• House Republican Caucus
• Caucus of House Conservatives Republican Study Committee
• Congressional Middle East Economic Partnership Caucus
• International Conservation Caucus
• Sportsmen's Caucus (Co-Chair)

Voting record, policy and positions

Ryan has sided with a majority of his party in 93% of House votes in which he has participated, and sided with the majority vote of all House votes 95% of the time with the 111th Congress.

National Journal's 2011 House Ratings rated Paul Ryan 68.2 on the conservative scale, being more conservative than 68% of the full House, and ranked as the 150th most conservative member based on roll call votes.

Fiscal, education, and health care policy

"Though best known as an architect of conservative fiscal policy," Ryan has also been described as a "big-spending conservative." Ryan voted for the Economic Growth and Tax Relief Reconciliation Act of 2001, the Jobs and Growth Tax Relief Reconciliation Act of 2003 and the Medicare Prescription Drug, Improvement, and Modernization Act of 2003. Ryan also voted for the Troubled Asset Relief Program, the 2008 $700 billion bank bailout. Ryan was one of 23 Republicans in Congress to vote for the auto industry bailout. Ryan also voted against the Bowles-Simpson deficit reduction plan. A number of commentators have criticized Ryan's votes for these deficit-causing policies during the George W. Bush administration as inconsistent with fiscal conservatism.

President Obama criticized Ryan in 2011 as being "not on the level" for describing himself as a fiscal conservative while voting for these policies, as well as two "unpaid for" wars. Ezra Klein wrote in 2012 that "If you know about Paul Ryan at all, you probably know him as a deficit hawk. But Ryan has voted to increase deficits and expand government spending too many times for that to be his north star. Rather, the common thread throughout his career is his desire to remake the basic architecture of the federal government."

In 1999, Ryan voted in favor of the Gramm–Leach–Bliley Act, which repealed certain provisions of the Depression-era Glass–Steagall Act that regulated banking.

In 2004 and 2005, Ryan pushed the Bush administration to propose the privatization of Social Security. Ryan's proposal ultimately failed when it did not gain the support of the then-Republican presidential administration.

Ryan voted against the Lilly Ledbetter Fair Pay Act of 2009. Ryan also voted against the Credit Cardholders' Bill of Rights Act of 2009, and the Dodd–Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act, which Ryan characterized as "class warfare." Ryan voted against the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (the health care reform bill supported by President Obama and Congressional Democrats) in 2010.

Ryan's budget proposals "would mean significant cutbacks for education across the board." In particular, the Ryan plan would cut the Pell Grant program, the largest federal financial aid source for U.S. college students, by $170 billion. Ryan's plan also would reduce the maximum income of recipients, and set a maximum grant of $5,550, about one-third the average total year cost of college, a historically low percentage. Under Ryan's plan, student loans would begin to accrue interest while students are still in school. According to an analysis by the Education Trust, under the Ryan proposal "more than 1 million students would lose Pell grants entirely over the next 10 years."

2008 Budget proposal

On May 21, 2008, Ryan introduced H.R. 6110, The Path to Prosperity: Roadmap for America's Future Act of 2008, commonly referred to as The Ryan Budget. This proposed legislation outlined changes to entitlement spending, including a controversial proposal to replace Medicare with a voucher program for seniors. The Roadmap found only eight sponsors and did not move past committee.

On April 1, 2009, Ryan introduced his alternative to the 2010 United States federal budget. This alternative budget would have eliminated the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009, lowered the top tax rate to 25%, introduced an 8.5% value-added consumption tax, and imposed a five-year spending freeze on all discretionary spending. It would have also phased out Medicare's traditional fee-for-service model, instead offering fixed sums in the form of vouchers for Medicare beneficiaries with which to buy private insurance, starting in 2021. The federal government would no longer pay for Medicare benefits for persons born after 1958. The plan attracted criticism since the voucher payments would not be set to increase as medical costs increase, leaving beneficiaries partially uninsured. Ryan's proposed budget would also have allowed taxpayers to opt out of the federal income taxation system with itemized deductions, and instead pay a flat 10 percent of adjusted gross income up to $100,000 and 25 percent on any remaining income. Ryan's proposed budget was criticized by opponents for the lack of concrete numbers. It was ultimately rejected in the House by a vote of 293–137, with 38 Republicans in opposition.

On January 27, 2010, Ryan released a modified version of his Roadmap, H.R. 4529: Roadmap for America’s Future Act of 2010. The modified plan would provide across-the-board tax cuts by reducing income tax rates; eliminate income taxes on capital gains, dividends, and interest; and abolish the corporate income tax, estate tax, and Alternative Minimum Tax. The plan would privatize a portion of Social Security, eliminate the tax exclusion for employer-sponsored health insurance, and privatize Medicare.

In 2010, citing data from the Tax Policy Center, economist and columnist Paul Krugman criticized Ryan's contention that his plan would reduce the deficit, opining that this contention is due to the "effects of his proposed spending cuts — period. It didn’t address the revenue losses from his tax cuts." Krugman further called the proposed spending cuts a "sham" because they depended on making a severe cut in domestic discretionary spending without specifying the programs to be cut, and on "dismantling Medicare as we know it," which is politically unrealistic. David Stockman, Director of the Office of Management and Budget under President Ronald Reagan, has declared that Ryan's budget "is devoid of credible math or hard policy choices" and would "do nothing to reverse the nation's economic decline and arrest its fiscal collapse." In contrast, columnist Ramesh Ponnuru, writing in the National Review, argued that Ryan's plan would lead to less debt than current budgets, according to CBO projections. Economist Ted Gayer wrote that "Ryan’s vision of broad-based tax reform, which essentially would shift us toward a consumption tax... makes a useful contribution to this debate."

On April 11, 2011, Ryan introduced H.Con.Res. 34, a federal budget for the fiscal year 2012. The House passed this Ryan Plan on April 15, 2011, by a vote of 235–193. Four Republicans joined all House Democrats in voting against it. A month later, the bill was defeated in the Senate by a vote of 57–40, with five Republicans and most Democrats in opposition.

2012 Budget proposal

On March 23, 2012 Ryan introduced a new version of his federal budget for the fiscal year 2013. On March 29, 2012, the House of Representatives passed the resolution along partisan lines, 228 yeas to 191 nays; however, ten Republicans voted against the bill, along with all the House Democrats. Ryan's budget seeks to reduce all discretionary spending in the budget from 12.5% of GDP in 2011 to 3.75% of GDP in 2050.

An analysis by the nonpartisan Congressional Budget Office showed that the Ryan plan would not balance the budget for at least 28 years, partly because the changes in Medicare would not affect anyone now older than 55. Former U.S. Comptroller General David Walker and Maya MacGuineas, president of the Committee for a Responsible Federal Budget, praised the budget for making tough choices. Walker believes it needs to go even further, tackling Social Security and defense spending. In contrast, Ezra Klein criticized the budget for making "unrealistic assumptions." The Center on Budget and Policy Priorities was highly critical of Ryan's budget proposal, stating that it would shift income to the wealthy while increasing poverty and inequality.

The 2012 Ryan budget was criticized by the United States Conference of Catholic Bishops for failing to protect the poor and vulnerable. Faculty and administrators of Georgetown University challenged Ryan's "continuing misuse of Catholic teaching to defend" his plan, but Ryan rejected their criticism.

Social issues

Ryan describes himself as "as pro-life as a person gets" and has been described as an "ardent, unwavering foe of abortion rights". The National Right to Life Committee has given Ryan a "100 percent pro-life voting record" since he entered the House in 1999; NARAL Pro-Choice America has noted that Ryan has "cast 59 votes on reproductive rights while in Congress and not one has been pro-choice." During Ryan's 1998 campaign for Congress, he "expressed his willingness to let states criminally prosecute women who have abortions," telling the Milwaukee Journal Sentinel at the time that he "would let states decide what criminal penalties would be attached to abortions," and while not stating that he supports jailing women who have an abortion, stated: "if it's illegal, it's illegal." Ryan voted to cut off federal funding for Planned Parenthood and Title X family planning program (preventive health grants to poor and uninsured families). He cosponsored the Sanctity of Life Act, which would provide that fertilized eggs "shall have all the legal and constitutional attributes and privileges of personhood" and thus outlaw all abortions (with no exceptions in cases of rape or incest) as well pose limitations on the use of in vitro fertilization and some forms of birth control. Ryan has also supported legislation that would impose criminal penalties for certain doctors who perform "partial-birth abortions."

The congressman opposes same-sex marriage, supports a constitutional ban on same-sex marriage, opposed the repeal of the don't ask, don't tell policy, opposes allowing same-sex couples to adopt, and voted against the Matthew Shepard and James Byrd, Jr. Hate Crimes Prevention Act. However, Ryan did vote in favor of the Employment Non-Discrimination Act in 2007 The Human Rights Campaign, a GLBT rights organization, has consistently given Ryan a 0/100 rating on its legislative scorecard.

He supports Second Amendment rights, has "championed the rights of gun owners" and has been described as "very, very pro-gun." He voted against a bill for stronger background check requirements for purchases at gun shows and supports federal concealed-carry reciprocity legislation, which would allow a person with a permit to carry a concealed firearm in one state to carry a firearm in every other state, a top NRA priority. Ryan, who owns a rifle and a shotgun, is a member of the National Rifle Association (NRA), has received an "A" rating from the NRA's Institute for Legislative Action and has been endorsed by them, "every cycle he's been in Congress."

Ryan favors a constitutional amendment to ban flag-burning and voted to withdraw federal funding of NPR. He voted against the DREAM Act, a bill that would provide conditional permanent residency to illegal immigrants who were brought to the United States as children if they attend college or serve in the military, are of good moral character, and meet other criteria.

Foreign and military policy

Ryan, who has little foreign policy experience, has been described by Larry Sabato as, "just a generic Republican on foreign policy." Critics noted this, with former Democratic congressman and former ambassador to India Timothy J. Roemer telling Reuters: "I think his experience as a vice presidential candidate is thin; or for a future president and commander-in-chief, it's virtually absent." Senior Romney adviser Eric Fehrnstrom defended Ryan, stating that his position as House Budget Committee chairman has given him intimate knowledge of defense spending and initiatives and adding that Ryan has been in Congress for 14 years, "longer than Barack Obama when he decided to run for president." During his tenure in the Congress, Ryan has participated in seven trips abroad as a member of a congressional delegation. Reviewing the history of past presidential tickets, Jonathan Bernstein concluded that "depending on how one scores these things," Romney/Ryan is "certainly the ticket with the least foreign policy and national security experience since at least 1948, and perhaps as far back as 1912."

Ryan voted in 2001 and 2004 to end the embargo on Cuba, but later reversed his positions, and since 2007 has voted against easing the embargo. However, in 2008 Ryan told the Milwaukee Journal Sentinel, "If we're going to have free trade with China, why not Cuba?"

Ryan was a "reliable supporter of the administration's foreign policy priorities" who voted for the 2002 Iraq Resolution, authorizing President George W. Bush to use military force in Iraq. Ryan also voted for the 2007 troop surge in Iraq. In May 2012, Ryan voted for H.R. 4310 which would increase defense spending, including spending for the Afghanistan War and for various weapon systems, to the level of $642 billion – $8 billion more than previous spending levels.

2012 vice presidential campaign

On August 11, 2012 the Romney campaign officially announced Ryan as its choice for Vice President through its "Mitt's VP" mobile app as well as by the social networking service Twitter, about 90 minutes before Romney's in-person introduction. Before the official announcement in Norfolk, it was reported that Romney had decided to choose Ryan on August 1, 2012, the day after returning from his foreign trip through the United Kingdom, Poland and Israel. A week later, The Wall Street Journal published an editorial in favor of Romney choosing Ryan. On August 11, 2012, Ryan formally accepted Romney's invitation to join his campaign as his running mate, in front of the USS Wisconsin in Norfolk, Virginia. Ryan is the major parties' first-ever vice-presidential candidate from Wisconsin.

A subsequent USA Today/Gallup poll found that 39% thought Ryan was an "excellent" or "pretty good" vice presidential choice, compared to 42% who felt it was a "fair" or "poor" choice, the least positive response to a vice-presidential pick since Dan Quayle was chosen in 1988.

According to a statistical-historical analysis conducted by Nate Silver, "Ryan is the most conservative Republican member of Congress to be picked for the vice-presidential slot since at least 1900" and "is also more conservative than any Democratic nominee was liberal, meaning that he is the furthest from the center" of any vice presidential candidate chosen from Congress since the turn of the 20th century. This analysis, using the DW-NOMINATE statistical system, has been described as "one of the more statistically rigorous approaches to Ryan's congressional voting record." However, political scientist Eric Schickler commented that while Ryan "may well be the most conservative vice presidential nominee in decades," stating that the NOMINATE methodology "is not suited to making claims about the relative liberalism or conservatism of politicians" over a long time span.

Philosophy

At a D.C. gathering celebrating what would have been Ayn Rand's 100th birthday, Ryan credited Rand as inspiring him to get involved in public service, stating that "The reason I got involved in public service, by and large, if I had to credit one thinker, one person, it would be Ayn Rand," In a 2005 speech at the Atlas Society, he said he grew up reading Rand, and that her books taught him about his value system and beliefs. Ryan tried to get all of the congressional interns in his office to read Rand's writing. He also gave copies of her novel Atlas Shrugged to his staff as Christmas presents, he told the Weekly Standard in 2003.

In 2009, Ryan said "What’s unique about what’s happening today in government, in the world, in America, is that it’s as if we’re living in an Ayn Rand novel right now. I think Ayn Rand did the best job of anybody to build a moral case of capitalism, and that morality of capitalism is under assault.” Obviously Paul Ryan is a manifest class warrior.

In April 2012, responding to criticism from Catholic leaders over his budget and Medicare proposals, Ryan rejected Rand's philosophy as an atheistic one, as it "reduces human interactions down to mere contracts". He also called the reports of his adherence to Rand's views to be an "urban legend" and stated that he was deeply influenced by his Roman Catholic faith and by Thomas Aquinas.

Personal life

Ryan married Janna Little, a tax attorney, in December 2000. An Oklahoma native, Little is a graduate of Wellesley College and George Washington University Law School, and a cousin of Representative Dan Boren of Oklahoma, a Democrat. The outdoorsman Ryan proposed to her at a favorite fishing spot, Big St. Germain Lake in northern Wisconsin. The Ryans live in a six-bedroom, seven-bathroom, two and a half story, Georgian revival style brick home in the Courthouse Hill historic district of Janesville, Wisconsin. They have three children: Elizabeth Anne, Charles Wilson, and Samuel Lowery.

Ryan, a fitness enthusiast, promotes fitness as a daily routine for young people. He has said he is careful about what he eats, performs an intense cross-training routine known as P90X most mornings, and has made close to 40 climbs of Colorado's Fourteeners (14,000-foot peaks). Ryan is a hunter and fisherman who makes his own bratwurst and Polish sausage. A bowhunter, he is a member of the Janesville Bowmen, an archery association. Ryan is a fan of the Green Bay Packers. His musical preferences include Beethoven, Rage Against the Machine and Led Zeppelin. A Roman Catholic, Ryan is a member of St. John Vianney Catholic Church in Janesville.

Awards and honors

• 2004 – National Federation of Independent Business Guardian of Small Business Award
• 2009 – National Association of Manufacturers Award for Manufacturing Legislative Excellence
• 2009 – Honorary Degree, Miami University
• 2010 – International Franchise Association Legislator of the Year Award
• 2010 – National Federation of Independent Business Guardian of Small Business Award
• 2011 – Claremont Institute Statesmanship Award
• 2011 – Fiscy Award for responsible financial stewardship and fiscal discipline in government.
• 2011 – Jack Kemp Foundation Leadership Award
• 2011 – Mason Contractors Association of America Freedom and Prosperity Award
• 2012 – Chair, Honorary Board of the Archery Trade Association

Electoral history

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External links

• Congressman Paul Ryan official U.S. House site
• Paul Ryan for U.S. Congress official campaign site
• Biography at the Biographical Directory of the United States Congress
• Financial information (federal office) at the Federal Election Commission
• Profile at Vote Smart
• A Roadmap for America's Future—Paul Ryan's alternative to the United States federal budget
• Congressional Record Indicies for Rep. Paul Ryan at THOMAS.gov

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• 1970 births
• Living people
• American people of German descent
• American people of Irish descent
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• Members of the United States House of Representatives from Wisconsin
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• Mitt Romney
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• Wisconsin Republicans
• United States vice-presidential candidates, 2012