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'''Serbian Canadians''' are ]s of ] who are of ] ancestry. The ] recorded 99,690 ] of Serbian descent. |
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'''Serbian Canadians''' are ]s of ] who are of ] ancestry. The ] recorded 99,690 ] of Serbian descent. |
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==History== |
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Serbs have migrated to ] in various waves during the 20th century. The first ] to arrive in ] came to ] between 1850 and 1870. Many were employed in mining or forestry near such towns as Phoenix, Golden, Prince Rupert and Kamloops. |
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By 1900, Serbs began to arrive in Alberta. Many of these early settlers had migrated north from the north-west regions of the ]. Coal mining attracted them to Lethbridge, while road construction was a source of employment for those in ] and ]. Many Serbs worked on the construction of railway lines that now extend from Edmonton to the ]. |
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During the ], ] spent time in the ] as a Corporal and a Medical Orderly.<ref name="The oldest filling in the world">{{cite web|url=http://www.politika.rs/rubrike/Magazin/Najstarija-plomba-na-svetu.lt.html|publisher=]|title=Najstarija plomba na svetu|accessdate=2012-07-01|date=2008-11-16}}</ref> He went on to become the 14th ]. |
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The period between the two World Wars witnessed a major increase in Serbian ] to Canada. As with other periods of immigration, however, the exact number arriving at this time is not known. |
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Over 30,000 Yugoslavs came to Canada between 1919 and 1939, this included an estimated 10,000 Serbs. Many of these immigrants were single, working men who had left families in their home country to seek work in Canada. The vast majority of Serbs arriving between the ] settled in ] or ]. |
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Major changes occurred in ] during and after ] . The newly established independent communist government was opposed by some Yugoslavs, predominantly by Serbs and Croats. Many post war émigrés refused to return to their homeland to live under an oppressive communist regime run by a lifelong dictator. The Serbs, emigrating to Canada at this time, came from a variety of occupational backgrounds, including military and academic professions (like the late ]) and the skilled trades. |
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In the late 1980s, Yugoslavia's communist government was on the verge of collapse. Shortly after the sudden ] in 1991, a large group of Serbs moved to Canada, mostly to Southern Ontario, to cities including: ], ], ], ], ] and ]. |
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The 2001 census lists 54,540 Canadians of Serbian descent although it is assumed that the Serb population is much larger due to the irregularities in the classification of Serbs. Approximately 2,420 Serbs live in ], with ] and ] being the major centres of settlement |
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===Serbs in Toronto=== |
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One of the first Serbian immigrants to Toronto was Sremac Herceg, who arrived in August 1903. A great number of Serbian settlers that came in 1912 were from the region surrounding the city of ]. In the time period between the ] and the ], more than two hundred Serbs settled in Toronto. |
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==Culture== |
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Serbian voluntary associations and organizations were established to ease the economic hardships of new immigrants and to help them adjust to Canadian society. Serbian organizations in Canada today include the Serbian Brothers' Help; 2 chapters of the Serbian National Defence, one of which dates back to 1916; and the Serbian National Heritage Academy, which has been active in inviting prominent Serbian writers and historians from Yugoslavia and other countries to Canada for public lectures. Other Serbian organizations include cultural and historical societies: "Njegos,""Karadjordje" and "Tesla Memorial Society", and several youth folklore organizations, eg, "SCA Oplenac" and "Hajduk Veljko" dance groups of Toronto. Those Serbs talented in creative writing have joined other Yugoslav Canadians in Toronto and formed 2 literature appreciation clubs. |
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Serbian Cultural Association Oplenac was founded in 1987 in Mississauga, Ontario, Canada. Serbian folk dancing has been a major activity in SCA Oplenac since its inception as a non-profit organization. All proceeds from the events organized by SCA Oplenac go to the preservation and presentation of Serbian culture and tradition in North America. In 2012 it reached the company consisting of 8 large ensembles, Choir and Orchestra as well as a large recreational ensemble. They established Drama school for children that performs theatre plays on Serbian language as well as Serbian language school. Since 2000 it was clear that the association is undoubtedly the biggest Serbian folklore group in North America http://www.oplenac.ca |
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Several newspapers and journals have been created and published by Canadian Serbs and by Serbs who participated in other Canadian-Yugoslav organizations. These publications were intended for the Serbs in the US as well. The first Serbian newspaper in Canada (1916), Kanadski Glasnik (Canadian Herald) was published in Welland, Ont, and was followed by Serbian Herald and several others. With the latest influx of Serbian immigrants, ethnic enclaves have been created in Canadian cities in the West. The Serbian newspaper Kišobran (''the Umbrella'') has been published in Vancouver since 1997. As well, various publications put out by the Church, congregations, women, youth, students and business-professional groups, etc., play important roles in Serbian communities in Canada. By now, many old documents have been donated to the provincial and federal archives for public use. |
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The first Serbian Day was held in Canada in 1946, and annual festivals featuring singers and dancers are sponsored by Serbian and other Yugoslav organizations. Several radio programs are available to Serbians in the metro areas of the provinces. |
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Many Serbs in Canada have maintained the Serbian language and the 2006 census showed that 52,705 people reported Serbian as their mother tongue (first language learned.) Many Serbian Canadians adhere to the Serbian Orthodox Church and the most recent survey of religion observation in Canada (2001) recorded that 20,520 people adhering to the Serbian Orthodox Church. Serbian Canadians have built some 15 churches and cultural centres across Canada. The first Serbian Orthodox Church built in Canada was the "Crkva Svete Trojice" (''Church of the Holy Trinity'') in Regina in 1916. Those in Toronto, Hamilton, Windsor, Niagara Falls, Kitchener and Sudbury are noteworthy for their Byzantine architectural design. It was not until 14 Oct 1984 that Canadian Serbs acquired their own bishop. On that day, Bishop Georgije arrived from Belgrade to become the first head of the newly created Canadian Diocese (Eparchy) and to lead and administer Serbian congregations in 13 cities. The Serbian Orthodox Church is an autocephalous (self-governing) part of the Universal Orthodox Church (The Churches of the Ancient East). Serbia's rich folkloric tradition has been retained mainly through the activities organized by the Serbian Orthodox Church. In many Canadian cities there are traditional music and dance groups, theatre, and sport groups, and some churches organize Serbian language instruction.<ref>http://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.com/index.cfm?PgNm=TCE&Params=A1ARTA0007293</ref> |
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===Academics=== |
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During the 1950s there were a few Serbian Canadian professors at various universities across the country, but they each made an impact instantly. A complete program of undergraduate courses leading to the degree of B.A. in ] at the Université de Montréal called ''Departement d'études slaves'' was organized in 1957-1958 under the direction of T. F. Domaradzki. Veljko Lalich, a Montenegrin Serb who came to Canada after World War II as a political émigrée, was named head of the section. He died in Florida in 2008. |
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Sava D. Bosnitch of the ] has made a great impact on the Serbian, and Canadian intellectual communities as a political scientist and analyst of the current global political trends. He was the past President of the Canadian Association of Slavists (Professors of Slavic languages and culture). |
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Daniel Dorotich, Professor Emeritus of Education, who defected from Communist Yugoslavia as a border guard in 1945, teaches Cultural History of the Slavs at the University of British Columbia. |
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Sofija Skoric, a former ] ], is the founder of a learned society in Toronto in 1981. The Serbian Heritage Academy (SHA) was the most prominent Serbian institution in Canada in the 1980s and 1990s. It has since declined. |
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===Politics=== |
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Politics can manifest itself in many ways for those who are born in Canada yet feel kinship for their ancestral home and people, and are caught between choosing one over the other. Such was the case of ], who made a conscientious decision, but got caught in the maelstorm of war and uncertainty, trying to make sense of the chaos that surrounded him in the land of his forebears, and the country of his birth. |
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Ribic had a mistrial in 2002 was later tried again in 2005 for hostage taking and allegedly threatening death. He was defended this time by D'Arcy DePoe, who called it "one of the most unusual criminal trials in Canadian history" as it was the first time a Canadian had been tried in this way. "While this is an unusual form of trespass, it is submitted that NATO dropping 2,000-pound bombs on this property was clearly a trespass." This time, there was no mistrial declared and Ribic was convicted. Two witnesses from the Canadian Forces, known only as Witness A and Witness B, were only allowed to testify by transcript during Ribic's 2005 trial. D'Arcy objeced to this but to no avail. |
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In the early 2000s, a group of 56 Serbian Canadians, who lost property and family members in the 77-day NATO bombing spree over ] in 1999, took a class action suit in ] and no sooner got nowhere. |
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===Business=== |
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There are many success stories in business in Canada among Serbian émigrés from after the war until the fall of communism, but there is one that stands well-above the rest. It is the story of ]-born Ubavka Mitić, better known as Rebecca MacDonald of ]. |
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===Literature=== |
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The most prominent Serbian writer in Canada is ], who is a Serbian of Jewish descent. He is best known for his books ''Words Are Something Else'' (1996), ''Tsing'' (1997), ''Bait'' (2001), ''Gotz and Meyer'' (2003, ]) (2005, ]), ''Snow Man'' (2005), and ''Leeches'' (2011). Equally well-known, if not more so, is Négovan Rajic in French Canada. He has won numerous national and international writing prizes and awards for his fiction and drama. He writes in fluent Serbian and French. |
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From 2006-2009 there was a Serbian-Canadian magazine named ''Slovo'' led by Vojo Mačar while from 1999 there is a magazine named '']'' led by Nenad Stanković. |
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The first Serbian Canadian bookstore in Ontario, Srbica Books, was opened in Toronto in 1990 by Živko Apić (the book store was formerly named Yugoslavica). |
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===Art=== |
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Artists are least recognized in their communities unless they are among the very few who have achieved a certain status in their lifetime. Many die in obscurity and anonymity but only a few have their work speak for them after they have passed away. One such artist is the late Jose Majzner, a Serbian painter and sculptor who lived and worked in Serbia, Italy, Argentina and Montreal. His work is on permanent display at the "Holy Trinity" Serbian Orthodox Church in Montreal. His students were artists Alexander Dzigurski (famed for his seascapes), Armand Tatossian, Demosthenis Maroudas, and others. |
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Today's generation of artists who are taking "art for art's sake" a notch further, include ], ], ], Milutin Gubash, Uros Jelic, Ljubomir Ivankovic, and many others. |
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===Cinema=== |
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] and ] are Canadian actresses of Serbian descent.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.jutarnji.hr/vrlicanka-stana-katic-protiv-jacka-bauera/218452/|title=Jutarnji list|work=www.jutarnji.hr|language=Croatian}}</ref><ref name=jl>{{cite web|url=http://www.jutarnji.hr/stana-katic--obozavam-akcijske-scene--postala-sam-pravi-zenski-superheroj/906864/|title=Stana Katic obozavam akcijske scene postala sam pravi zenski superheroj|work=Jutarnji list|language=Croatian}}</ref> Katic is best known for playing Detective Kate Beckett on ]'s ]. |
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Boris Malagurski is a Serbian Canadian director, producer and screenwriter who is best known for directing the critcally-acclaimed documentary films ] and ].<ref name="politika"> Politika Newspaper, August 28, 2010</ref><ref></ref><ref> Српски Глас | The Serbian Voice Weekly Newspaper, Australia, December 4, 2009</ref> The films revolve around the current situation in the former-Yugoslavia and the lack of ] for ethnic-] in Kosovo and other regions where non-Serbs form the majority of the population. |
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The 2009 documentary ''Serbian Ambassadors'' follow the lives and tales of several Serbian-Canadians of all generations.<ref>http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sg23hBeZpDI</ref> |
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===Music=== |
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The most successful Serbian Canadian musician is guitarist ] from the band ], who has been ranked 98th in Rolling Stone Magazine's list of 100 greatest guitarists of all time. Young Serbian Canadian musicians are found playing in many genres of heavy metal rock bands, notably Canadian-born guitar/vocalist Alex Petrovich (also known as Al 'Yeti Bones'), whose albums have been selling nationally and internationally with the following bands, Mister Bones, The Mighty Nimbus, Georgian Skull and Gypsy Chief Goliath for more than a decade; and Montreal-based Borislav Mitic who got signed to a U.S. metal label while still living in his native Serbia; and ] who has made a mark for herself as the bassist for the metal, all-woman band ] and a clothing line called ''Umeus''. |
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Recently, the Toronto Symphony Orchestra celebrated its 90th anniversary, thanks to its founding conductor ], a Serb who came to America from Austria and also founded the Pittsburg Symphony Orchestra at the beginning of the 20th century before settling in Toronto. Carrying the long tradition of serious music in Toronto is Serbian Canadian Composer Michael Pepa, the Founding Artistic Director of ''Les Amis''. |
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] is an amazing ] who is performing throughout the continent. At 21, she released her first recording with ] and appeared in the ]. Djokic resides in ]. |
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Another successful Serbian Canadian musician is rapper ],<ref name=Exclusive>{{cite web|url=http://www.hiphop.org/db.php?action=fullnews&showcomments=1&id=45|title=Sin Exclusive |accessdate=2008-08-09 |archiveurl = http://web.archive.org/web/20080317104642/http://www.hiphop.org/db.php?action=fullnews&showcomments=1&id=45 <!-- Bot retrieved archive --> |archivedate = 2008-03-17}}</ref> who has recorded songs with artists such as ], ] and ]. Filipi is known for his philanthropy and has raised over 1,500,000 dollars to provide medical supplies to the medical centre in the Serb enclave of ]. The supplies were used to help the 75,000 ] living south of the ].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://28jun.blogspot.ca/2012/03/28-jun-completes-global-awareness.html|title=28 Jun completes global awareness campaign, sends $1.5 million worth of aid to Kosovo Serbs|accessdate=2012-05-05}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=player_embedded&v=UIn5LWiXBI8|title=RTS: Srbija na vezi Interview (Serbian)|accessdate=2012-05-05}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.rts.rs/page/rts/sr/RTS+Satelit/story/1518/SAT+vesti/1070360/Pomo%C4%87+od+milion+i+po+dolara+na+putu+za+Gra%C4%8Danicu.html|title=Pomoć od milion i po dolara na putu za Gračanicu (Serbian)|accessdate=2012-05-05}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://serbia-times.com/times/4018-serb-diaspora-sends-usd-15-mil-to-gracanica|title=Serb diaspora sends USD 1.5 mil to Gracanica|accessdate=2012-05-05}}</ref> |
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===Ballet=== |
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Among the nine Principal Dancers of ] is Serbian-born Aleksandar Antonijević. He has been a Principal Dancer since 1995. Antonijević is also a photographer. His work has been featured at CONTACT, Toronto's annual international photography festival. |
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===Television/Radio=== |
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Serbian Canadians have worked at the ] since the early days of radio and television as stagehands, technicians, cameramen, engineers, television and radio producers, and publicists. Today, the most prominent on-air journalists among those who identify themselves as Serbian Canadians are ] of '']'', Jelena Adzic of ''The Weekend Scene'' and '']'', and ] of '']''. |
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On-air journalist ] is a correspondent for '']'', which broadcasts nationally on ]. |
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The late ], who used to interview movie stars on his TV show, had Serbian roots which he shared with ] back in the 1980s. Already a celebrity, ], a TV fixture in Canada for years, is now slowely branching out in the U.S. television market. |
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===Soccer=== |
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In sports, Serbians are known for their success in organizing soccer clubs. The most successful Serbian Canadian soccer club are the ], who play in the ]. The club has been very successful in recent years, finishing first in the Canadian Soccer League's standings in 2008 (led by team captain ]) and finishing as the runner-up in 2006, 2007 and 2009.<ref name="Djuradj Vujcic interviews">{{cite web|url=http://serbianwhiteeagles.ca/serbianwhiteeagles.ca/SerbianWhiteEagles%20Old%20Website/sr/2006/vesti20061018mi.html|author=Vujcic, Djuradj|title=Najbolji kanadski fudbalski klub i prvi srpski, profesionalni, fudbalski klub u dijaspori|accessdate=2012-05-17|date=2006-10-18|language=Serbian}}</ref> The White Eagles were also CSL International Division Champions in 2006, 2007 and 2009. |
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Several Canadians of Serbian descent play for clubs in ] (MLS). The most notable ones are ] goalkeeper ] and ] defender ]. Jaković also represents Canada internationally by playing for the ], alongside Serbian Canadian goalkeeper ].<ref>{{sr icon}}; mondo.rs, 23 November 2010</ref> ] also represented Canada. |
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===Tennis=== |
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There have also been several very successful Serbian Canadian tennis players, notably ] (born ''Danijel Nestorović'' in ], Serbia) who is an eight-time ] champion and a one-time Olympic Gold medalist. Young ] is another player who is making his presence felt in the world of professional tennis. He was born in Crnagora (]) to Serbian parents who came to Canada in 1994 when he was three-years-old. |
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===Lacrosse=== |
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], born in ], is a lacrosse player for the ] of the ] and the ] of the ]. Ilija Gajic, Nenad's younger brother, was drafted second overall by the Rochester Knighthawks of the National Lacrosse League in 2009. |
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===Hockey=== |
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Serbs have excelled in ice hockey in the past few decades. Ice hockey player, ] won ] with his team, ]. ] was the first ]-born player ever to play for the ] in 1956, and Serbian-born ] was the second. Though many more Serbian-Canadians soon would join the ranks of the NHL, notably ] (1965-2009), ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ] and others. Some are even playing or coaching abroad, like ], who started with the ] and went on to play for the NHL before joining a Moscow team, and ], a Ukrainian of Serbian ancestry who played for the ] before returning to Ukraine to head its ]. Veteran European ice hockey coach ] is now coaching a Serbian youth team while working in Toronto. |
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===Field Hockey=== |
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] is a well-known Serbian Canadian field hockey player and coach. After having moved back to Canada from San Francisco, California, Milkovich was appointed as the National Team Coach for the Women's Junior Program by ] in 2011. |
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===Football=== |
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The ] saw many Serbian-Canadians and Serbian Americans come and go in the years past, notably Canadian-born Roy (Radomir) Jokanovich (1934-2007) who attended ] where he was assistant coach to the ]. A gifted athlete, Jokanovich went on to play offensive tackle in the ] with the ], ] and the ]. American-born ] was a football defensive end who played in the CFL for the B.C. Lions and the Calgary Stampeders before being selected by the ] in the ]. Other memorable players include ], defensive end for the ]; ] of the ]; and Montreal-born actor ], who played professional Canadian football briefly for the ]. |
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In 1950 NFL players began playing for the CFL, among the very first Serbian Americans was ], who played three seasons in Canada in the early 1950s; ] left the ] to play briefly for the ] in 1956; and in the 1960s another Serbian American ex-pat -- ] -- came from ] to play professionally for the CFL and later coached major Canadian teams. He is currently involved in the administrative side of ]. In 2011 ], another Serbian American expat, was named head coach of the ]. It was assistant head coach, offensive coordinator and quarterback coach for the ] that he showed his mettle. |
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===Baseball=== |
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Calgary-born ] is a baseball right fielder who played for Canada in the 2006 ] and was named to the 2008 Canadian Olympic Baseball team. |
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===Basketball=== |
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Canadian basketball had a number of Serbian Canadians back in the 1950s and early 1960s, namely Mel Mikalački of Montreal's Ivan Coutu team which played exhibition games against the ] and visiting ] teams. Mel's brother Al Mikalachki was one of the best players to ever represent Montreal's Sir George Williams University (now ]). A skilled shooter, he was the leading scorer on the team two of his four years and he set a record for most points in a game by a Georgian player. As a point guard, he was well-known for his proficiency from the free-throw line, averaging more than 90 per cent. His team won both ] and provincial championships. Mikalachki was a league All-Star and in 1955-56 he was awarded the Col. E. Gill Trophy as Sir George Williams Athlete of the Year. At the university, Mikalachki also excelled at tennis, volleyball and badminton. He holds an MBA and a PhD, which was the first doctoral degree in business administration to be granted by a Canadian university. Mikalachki enjoyed a distinguished career as a professor of organizational behaviour at the ]. (Al Mikalachki is the father of Canadian-born Jodi Mikalachki, who started "On the Ground in Burundi" to support education and grassroots community development in rural ]). |
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Windsor-born ] and younger brother Don Brkovich played for ] in the 1979 ] tournament, defeating ]'s ]. Mike was one of the leading free throw shooters in Michigan State history. He was drafted by the ] in 1981, but never played in ]. Mike was a member of the Canadian National Basketball team. Now retired from sports, both brothers are successful businessmen, Mike and Robert, his older brother, in Windsor, Ontario, and Don Brkovich in Las Vegas, Nevada. |
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===Boxing=== |
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Heavyweight ] is perhaps the best-known Serbian Canadian boxer to date. He had 16 consecutive fights in his pro career without a single loss until he fought U.K.'s ] in 2012. ] was another strong puncher who fought in the 1970s. His record was 14 wins and three losses over a span of seven years before he hung up his gloves. He is a part-time bartender in ]. One of the most promising women boxers is Jelena Mrdjenovich, born in ], on June 24, 1982, to Serbian parents. She became the ] and ] Featherwieght Champion for a while in 2012 before losing to ] on a decision. On November 19, 2012, Mrdjenovich fought Franchesca "The Chosen One" Alcanter for the ]/] superfeatherweight title. Mrdjenovich won by stopping Alcanter in the sixth round TKO. |
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===Judo=== |
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Born in ], ], ] is one of Canada's promising judokas, having participated in the 2012 London Summer Olympics. His father is a Black Belt, 4th dan. |
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===Wrestling=== |
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Wrestling has become more of an entertainment sport requiring talent, skill and acrobatic agility more than brute strength. The wrestler who fits this bill is ]. |
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===Ski cross skiing=== |
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] was a professional ski cross skier who tragically died after a severe crash during the 1/8-final of the World Cup event in ] in 2012. He was a promising skier who improved dramatically in the last few years. |
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===Fencing=== |
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Serbian Canadian fencer ] in the 1976 and 1984 ], helped place the Canadian team 9th and 7th in Team Men's Sabre respectively. This was an unprecedented feat in Canadian fencing history, especially against fierce international competitors with a long tradition of fencing. |
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===Poker=== |
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Poker is now being played on the Internet and TV crews are covering major tournaments where exceptional players not only get rich but become celebrities. One such professional poker player is ], who resides in ]. |
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===Chess=== |
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Some of Canada's top chess players have emerged from the Serbian communities, particularly George Raletich, who played in the Canadian Championship as far back as 1955; Slobodan Krstic (who was top board for Hong Kong in the Siegen 1970 and Skopje 1972 Olympiads) who won the 1974 Toronto Canadian Closed Championship; Smilja Vujosevic, the Canadian 1975 Women's Champion; and Dragoljub Milicevic who became the ] Champion in chess in 1997, 2000, and 2001. Other FIDE Masters are: Goran Ivankovic, Goran Mikanovic; Goran Milicevic; and Nenad Ristovic. |
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At 1980 Olympiad at Valletta, Malta, Canada finished by sharing 8th to 9th in a record field of almost 100 countries, an amazing feat for a country with only three International Grandmasters. Serbian-born Milan Vukadinov (1936-2002) was one of the six who represented Canada at the time. ], a Serbian refugee from ], arrived in Canada in 1993 when he was 12-years-old. He is now a Canadian International Master of chess who was the 2006 Canadian Champion. |
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===Activism=== |
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When the chess great ] got into trouble with ] and came under a barrage of criticism it was ], a Serbian Canadian, who came to Fischer's aid at a time when others simply looked the other away. |
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==See also== |
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==See also== |
