Orchitis: Difference between revisions

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	* visible ] of a testicle or testicles and often the inguinal lymph nodes on the affected side.		* visible ] of a testicle or testicles and often the inguinal lymph nodes on the affected side.

			==Causes==
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			Orchitis can be related to ] infection that has spread to the ] (then called "epididymo-orchitis"), sometimes caused by the ]s ] and ]. It has also been reported in cases of males infected with ].<ref>''Brucellosis in Humans and Animals'' World Health Organization Publication number WHO/CDS/EPR/2006.7</ref> Orchitis can also be seen during active ], particularly in adolescent boys.
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			] orchitis may result from damage to the blood vessels of the ] during ], and may in the worst event lead to ].<ref>Simons MP, Aufenacker T, Bay-Nielsen M, et al. ''Hernia'' (2009) 13:343–403</ref>
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	==Treatment==		==Treatment==
	In most cases where orchitis is caused by epididymitis, treatment is an oral antibiotic such as ] or ] until infection clears up. For viral infections, antibiotics are not recommended {{Citation needed\|date=March 2012}}. In both causes ] such as ] or ] are recommended to relieve pain. Sometimes stronger pain medications in the ] category are called for and are frequently prescribed by experienced emergency room physicians.		In most cases where orchitis is caused by epididymitis, treatment is an oral antibiotic such as ] or ] until infection clears up. For viral infections, antibiotics are not recommended {{Citation needed\|date=March 2012}}. In both causes ] such as ] or ] are recommended to relieve pain. Sometimes stronger pain medications in the ] category are called for and are frequently prescribed by experienced emergency room physicians.

			== Orchitis in animals ==
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			Orchitis is not rare in ]s and ].

			It has also been described in ]s.<ref>http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19023758</ref>

	==References==		==References==

Revision as of 10:55, 24 November 2012

Medical condition

Orchitis
Specialty	Urology

Orchitis /ˌɔːrˈkaɪtɪs/ or orchiditis /ˌɔːrkɪˈdaɪtɪs/ (from the Ancient Greek ὄρχις meaning "testicle"; same root as orchid) is inflammation of the testes. It can also involve swelling, heavy pains and frequent infection, and is more rarely known as didymitis (as in epididymis).

Symptoms

Symptoms of orchitis are similar to those of testicular torsion. These can include:

ejaculation of blood
hematuria (blood in the urine)
severe pain
visible swelling of a testicle or testicles and often the inguinal lymph nodes on the affected side.

Causes

Orchitis can be related to epididymitis infection that has spread to the testicles (then called "epididymo-orchitis"), sometimes caused by the sexually transmitted diseases chlamydia and gonorrhea. It has also been reported in cases of males infected with brucellosis. Orchitis can also be seen during active mumps, particularly in adolescent boys.

Ischemic orchitis may result from damage to the blood vessels of the spermatic cord during inguinal herniorrhaphy, and may in the worst event lead to testicular atrophy.

Treatment

In most cases where orchitis is caused by epididymitis, treatment is an oral antibiotic such as cefalexin or ciprofloxacin until infection clears up. For viral infections, antibiotics are not recommended . In both causes non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs such as naproxen or ibuprofen are recommended to relieve pain. Sometimes stronger pain medications in the opiate category are called for and are frequently prescribed by experienced emergency room physicians.

Orchitis in animals

Orchitis is not rare in bulls and rams.

It has also been described in roosters.

References

"orchitis" at Dorland's Medical Dictionary
Brucellosis in Humans and Animals World Health Organization Publication number WHO/CDS/EPR/2006.7
Simons MP, Aufenacker T, Bay-Nielsen M, et al. European Hernia Society guidelines on the treatment of inguinal hernia in adult patients. Hernia (2009) 13:343–403
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19023758

External links

Overview at Mayo Clinic

Male diseases of the pelvis and genitals

Internal

Testicular	Orchitis Hydrocele testis Testicular cancer Testicular torsion Male infertility Aspermia Asthenozoospermia Azoospermia Hyperspermia Hypospermia Oligospermia Necrospermia Teratospermia Ectopic testis
Epididymis	Epididymitis Spermatocele Hematocele
Prostate	Prostatitis Acute prostatitis Chronic bacterial prostatitis Chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome Asymptomatic inflammatory prostatitis Benign prostatic hyperplasia Prostate cancer
Seminal vesicle	Seminal vesiculitis

External

Penis	Balanoposthitis / Balanitis Balanitis plasmacellularis Pseudoepitheliomatous keratotic and micaceous balanitis Phimosis Paraphimosis Priapism Sexual dysfunction Erectile dysfunction Spontaneous orgasm Peyronie's disease Penile cancer Penile fracture Balanitis xerotica obliterans Persistent genital arousal disorder
Scrotum	Fournier gangrene Varicocele Pneumoscrotum

Other

Inflammation

Symptoms

Mechanism

Acute

Plasma-derived mediators

Cell-derived mediators

preformed	Lysosome granules biogenic amines Histamine Serotonin
synthesized on demand	cytokines IFN-γ IL-8 TNF-α IL-1 eicosanoids Leukotriene B4 Prostaglandins Nitric oxide Kinins

Chronic

Other

Tests

General

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