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Revision as of 02:23, 23 January 2013
White Genocide (Template:Lang-hy) is the term used by Armenians use to describe assimilation in the West. Armenians were forcibly deported and massacred from their historical homelands during the Armenian Genocide in 1915-1923.
Western Armenians consider Armenians who assimilate within the local population of the country where they were eventually forced to emigrate (such as United States, France, Argentina, Canada etc.) as lost to their nation due to the continuing exile after the actual genocide itself, and thus consider that lost Armenian to be another victim of the genocidal attempt to eliminate the Armenians. The term "White Genocide" was also used for northwestern Azerbaijan and Nakhijevan where Armenians were forcibly deported and cleansed from the regions.
The Diaspora is referred to by many in Armenia and in the diaspora as the "white genocide". As one of my informants said, “What the Turks did not do, we are doing to ourselves by fleeing the homeland.”
Assimilation of Armenians in the Western world
United States
See also: Armenian AmericanAccording to the 2000 United States Census there were 385,488 ethnic Armenians living in the United States. But only 202,708 (52.6%) of them referred Armenian as 'Language Spoken at Home'.
Throughout the diaspora, Armenians have developed a pattern of quick acculturation and slow assimilation. Armenians quickly acculturate to their society, learning the language, attending school, and adapting to economic and political life. Meanwhile, they are highly resistant to assimilation, maintaining their own schools, churches, associations, language, and networks of intramarriage and friendship. Sociologist Anny Bakalian observes that across generations, U.S. Armenians move from a more central "being Armenian" to a more surface "feeling Armenian," expressing nostalgic pride in their heritage while acting fully American.
Today's U.S. Armenian community is bound together by a network of Armenian groups including, for example, some 170 church congregations, 33 day schools, 20 national newspapers, 36 radio or television programs, 58 student scholarship programs, and 26 professional associations. Anthropologist Margaret Mead suggested that over the centuries, diaspora Armenians (like Jews) have developed a tight-knit family structure to serve as a bulwark against extinction and assimilation.
Canada
See also: Canadians of Armenian descentAccording to the Canada 2001 Census there were 40,505 Armenians in Canada, while 13,330 (32.9%) were multiple responses, meaning only one of their parents was Armenian. Although only 15,150 people (37.4% of the total Armenian population) spoke Armenian language as their native. Armenian Canadian professor Taline Chichekian finds that linguistic assimilation of Armenians in Canada depends first, on size of the ethnic community, second, on institutional completness. Thus, Montreal and Toronto have the highest linguistic relention rates in Canada.
France
See also: Armenians in FranceAccording to French National Institute of Demographic Studies (INED) there were 4,778 people that were born in the Republic of Armenia (data of 1999). Armenian diaspora organization estimate that up to 400,000 ethnic Armenians live in France. The reason of the difference of the number of Armenian-born and ethnic Armenians is that many Armenians were born in Lebanon, Syria, Turkey, Romania, etc., but not in the Republic of Armenia. Because official French statistics don't give any data about the ethnicity or native language, it is so hard to estimate the assimilation rate of French Armenians.
- Education
There are twelve Armenian-lnaguage or bilingual (French and Armenian) schools in France: 8 elementary, 2 intermediate and 2 high schools.
See also
- Armenian Genocide
- Armenian Genocide survivors
- Silent Holocaust - equivalent term for loss of Jews through assimilation
References
- Israel Charny, Encyclopedia of Genocide
- The post-Soviet wars: rebellion, ethnic conflict, and nationhood in the Caucasus By Christoph Zürcher - p.156
- Neil J. Melvin, Charles King, Nations Abroad: diaspora politics and international relations in the Former Soviet Union, p.96
- Donald Eugene Miller, Lorna Touryan Miller, Survivors: An Oral History Of The Armenian Genocide, p. 166
- Waltraud Kokot, Diaspora, Identity and Religion: new directions in theory and research, p. 72
- Mark Malkasian, Gha-ra-bagh!: the emergence of the national democratic movement in Armenia, p. 56
- Stuart J. Kaufman, Modern Hatreds: The Symbolic Politics of Ethnic War, p. 55
- James Sperling, S. Victor Papacosma, Limiting Institutions?: the challenge of Eurasian security governance, p. 51
- George E. Marcus, Perilous States: conversations on culture, politics, and nation, p. 109
- Armine Ishkhanyan, Between Tragedy And Reality: Armenian Women’s Labor Migration In the Post-soviet Period
- United States 2000 census: Ancestry
- United States 2000 census: Language Spoken at Home
- Culture and Commitment, New York, Columbia University Press, 1978
- Multicultural America::ARMENIAN AMERICANS: ACCULTURATION AND ASSIMILATION
- ^ Canada 2001 Census: Ethnic Origin
- Canada 2001 Census: Language Use at Work
- Anny P. Bakalian, Armenian-Americans: from being to feeling Armenian, p. 85, Transaction Publishers, 1993
- Institut national d'études démographiques: Immigrés selon le pays de naissance en 1999
- ArmenianDiaspora.com - ARMENIAN POPULATION IN THE WORLD