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| ==History== | ==History== | ||
| Kamrup Rural district created by bifurcating ] in 2003. | |||
| ] | |||
| The administrative district of Kamrup was first constituted from the western portion of the ] that the British acquired following the ] of 1826. The western boundary of this district, the Manas river,<ref>{{harv|Hunter|1879|p=17}}</ref> had been the western boundary of the Ahom kingdom since 1682. The eastern boundary of this district was the Barnadi river,<ref>{{harv|Hunter|1879|p=17}}</ref> the Mughal-Ahom boundary first delineated in the ] of 1639. After 1826 the British administered the newly acquired regions via two commissioners: the Senior Commissioner who administered the "North-East of Rangpur" (largely the undivided Goalpara) in addition to the newly acquired region between Manas river and Biswanath; and the Junior Commissioner, who administered the region to the east of Biswanath.<ref>{{harv|Bannerjee|1992|pp=7-8}}</ref> In March 1833 the British established district administration in the region west of the Dhansiri river, with the Kamrup district originally envisaged as two separate districts among 3 others: the six ''parganas'' largely co-terminus with present-day Barpeta and Nagarberra; and the twenty ''parganas'' in the north and six ''duars'' in the south.<ref>{{harv|Bannerjee|1992|p53}}</ref> Each district were to be administered by a Principal Assistant, deputed by a Junior Assistant. But due to a paucity of funds, the six pargana region had only a Junior Assistant, and by 1836, the Kamrup district acquired its "undivided" form and name.<ref>{{harv|Bannerjee|1992|pp53-54}}</ref> After the independence of India in 1947 the "undivided" Kamrup district was further divided into the present Barpeta (1983), Nalbari (1985), Kamrup Metropolitan (2003) districts with the remaining portion retaining the name Kamrup. | |||
| ===Ancient=== | |||
| The history of the (undivided) Kamrup district dates backs to the 4th century under ]. The capitals of ] and ] namely ] and ] were in Kamrup, whereas the capital of the ] was in the (undivided) Darrang district. | |||
| ===Medieval=== | |||
| Medieval times seen the period when Kamrup became battleground of different scrambling western and eastern powers. Banikanta Kakati says: {{Quote box | |||
| |quote = Western Assam was never for a long period under any dominant power. It was the cockpit of several fighting forces, the Koches, the Muhammedans and the Ahoms, and political fortunes passed from one power to another in different times. | |||
| |source = ], ''Assamese, its formation and development''.}} | |||
| ] undertook control of western Kamrup after conclusion of Kamarupa kingdom. Towards the end of the first century of second millennium, Kamrup witnessed invasions by Muslim rulers of ]. In 1498 CE, the last ruler of Kamata Kingdom was overthrown by Hussein Shah, ruler of ]. Hussein Shah, after this victory declared them self as the Conqueror of Kamru or Kamruf ( In Arabic alphabet there is no P, hence the Muslim rulers mention Kamrup as Kamru or Kamrud). Hussein Shah, later faced defeat when he invaded ] and the victorious Ahom army chased the invaders till Karatoya river. After the departure of Muslim forces, the power vacuum was filled by ], when Koch king Vishwa Singha and later his sons Narnarayan and Chilarai expanded their domain in these regions. It was during the reign of ], Vaisnava reformers ] and ] spread their ideals and Vaisnava culture in the region, which is still very much present till date. The Koch kingdom later divided into two parts, ] and ]. Kamrup falls into the domain of ]. In 1612 CE, the last ruler of Koch Hajo, Parikshit Narayan was defeated by ]. He was taken prisoner and sent to ], where he swore allegiance to Mughal Emperor ]. After his death, the Mughals occupied Kamrup and made ] their headquarter. Parikshit's son Bijit Narayan was installed as a tributary ruler of ]. The two brothers of Parikshit Narayan, Bali Narayan and Gaj Narayan sought refuge in ]. The Ahom king Swargadeo ] installed Bali Narayan as tributary ruler of ], while Gaj Narayan was installed as the tributary ruler of ]. Meanwhile conflicts broke out between Ahoms and Mughals for the possession of Kamrup. A series of wars and battles fought by both sides, which includes the famous ], when the Ahom forces led by ] defeated the Mughal forces led by ] of Amber, in 1671 CE. Finally, in 1682 CE, the Mughals were completely expelled from Kamrup, by Ahom king ]. From 1682 CE to 1826 CE, Kamrup remain as a part of ], with the Ahom Viceroy ] administering the region from his headquarter in ].<ref>{{cite book |title= A history of Assam |last=Gait |first= E.A. |authorlink= |coauthors= |year=1906 |publisher= Thackar and Co., Calcutta |location= |isbn= |page= |pages= |accessdate=|url=}}</ref> | |||
| In mid ninteenth century it was subsequently occupied by ]. In 1826 CE, it became an district of ], in the Brahmaputra Valley division of ]. | |||
| During ], this settlement had been one of the ] center against the British. Armed peasants vowed to through British rule but eventually suppressed by British administration with iron fist.<ref></ref> | |||
| Kamrup district has been steadily decreasing in size for decades. During British India at some point Kamrup was divided into two big districts for administrative reasons one added to Assam and other to Bengal which includes ] and ]. In 1983 ] was split from Kamrup.<ref name='Statoids'>{{cite web | url = http://www.statoids.com/yin.html | title = Districts of India | accessdate = 2011-10-11 | last = Law | first = Gwillim | date = 2011-09-25 | work = Statoids}}</ref> Nalbari district was then similarly split off on 14 August 1985.<ref name='Statoids'/> On 3 February 2003 ] was formed to cover the urban core of the district,<ref name='Statoids'/> and 1 June 2004 saw the formation of ] which was formed from parts of three districts, including Kamrup.<ref name='Statoids'/> | |||
| The headquarters of district was at ]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.indianngos.com/districts/kamrup_metro.asp |title=Welcome to Kamrup Metro District|publisher=indianngos.com |date= |accessdate=2013-01-24}}</ref>. The population is rural and suburban with major urban agglomeration in Guwahati, the largest city of region. | |||
| ==Geography and environment== | ==Geography and environment== | ||
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| ==Demographics== | ==Demographics== | ||
| ] | |||
| ===Population=== | ===Population=== | ||
| According to the ] Kamrup district has a ] of 1,517,202,<ref name=districtcensus>{{cite web | url = http://www.census2011.co.in/district.php | title = District Census 2011 | accessdate = 2011-09-30 | year = 2011 | publisher = Census2011.co.in}}</ref> roughly equal to the ]n country of ]<ref name="cia">{{cite web | author = US Directorate of Intelligence | title = Country Comparison:Population | url = https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2119rank.html | accessdate = 2011-10-01 | quote = Gabon 1,576,665}}</ref> or the US state of ].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://2010.census.gov/2010census/data/apportionment-pop-text.php|title=2010 Resident Population Data|publisher=U. S. Census Bureau|accessdate=2011-09-30| quote = Hawaii 1,360,301}}</ref> This gives it a ranking of 327th in India (out of a total of ]).<ref name=districtcensus/> The district has a population density of {{convert|436|PD/sqkm|PD/sqmi}} .<ref name=districtcensus/> Its ] over the decade 2001-2011 was 15.67%.<ref name=districtcensus/> Kamrup has a ] of 946 ] for every 1000 males,<ref name=districtcensus/> and a ] of 72.81%.<ref name=districtcensus/> | According to the ] Kamrup district has a ] of 1,517,202,<ref name=districtcensus>{{cite web | url = http://www.census2011.co.in/district.php | title = District Census 2011 | accessdate = 2011-09-30 | year = 2011 | publisher = Census2011.co.in}}</ref> roughly equal to the ]n country of ]<ref name="cia">{{cite web | author = US Directorate of Intelligence | title = Country Comparison:Population | url = https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2119rank.html | accessdate = 2011-10-01 | quote = Gabon 1,576,665}}</ref> or the US state of ].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://2010.census.gov/2010census/data/apportionment-pop-text.php|title=2010 Resident Population Data|publisher=U. S. Census Bureau|accessdate=2011-09-30| quote = Hawaii 1,360,301}}</ref> This gives it a ranking of 327th in India (out of a total of ]).<ref name=districtcensus/> The district has a population density of {{convert|436|PD/sqkm|PD/sqmi}} .<ref name=districtcensus/> Its ] over the decade 2001-2011 was 15.67%.<ref name=districtcensus/> Kamrup has a ] of 946 ] for every 1000 males,<ref name=districtcensus/> and a ] of 72.81%.<ref name=districtcensus/> | ||
Revision as of 09:49, 18 February 2013
For old Kamrup district, see Undivided Kamrup district.
Kamrup Rural district (Pron: ˈkæmˌrəp or ˈkæmˌru:p or ˈkʌmˌrəp or ˈkʌmˌru:p) (Template:Lang-as) is an administrative district in the state of Assam in India formed by bifurcation of Kamrup ditrict in 2003, named after Kamarupa, by which present Assam state and its adjoining areas were known in ancient times. The district, however, is now a part of Lower Assam, with unique culture and Kamrupi language, sharing the same with Nalbari and Barpeta, as being part of undivided Kamrup in 1980s.
History
Kamrup Rural district created by bifurcating Old Kamrup district in 2003.
Geography and environment
Overview
Kamrup district occupies an area of 4,345 square kilometres (1,678 sq mi), comparatively equivalent to Australia's Kangaroo Island. Kamrup district has some territorial disputes with neighbouring West Khasi Hills district, Meghalaya, including that over the village of Langpih.
Hydrography
In the immediate neighborhood of the Brahmaputra the land is low, and exposed to annual inundation. In this marshy tract reeds and canes flourish luxuriantly, and the only cultivation is that of rice. At a comparatively short distance from the river banks the ground begins to rise in undulating knolls towards the mountains of Bhutan on the north, and towards the Khasi hills on the south. The hills south of the Brahmaputra in some parts reach the height of 800 feet (240 m). The Brahmaputra, which divides the district into two nearly equal portions, is navigable by river steamers throughout the year, and receives several tributaries navigable by large native boats in the rainy season. The chief of these are the Manas, Chaul Khoya and Barnadi on the north, and the Kulsi and Dibru on the south bank.
Flora and fauna
In 1989 Kamrup district became home to the Dipor Bil Wildlife Sanctuary, which has an area of 4.1 km (1.6 sq mi). There is also a plantation where seedlings of teak, sal, sissu, sum, and nahor are reared, and experiments are being made with the caoutchouc tree.
Demographics
Population
According to the 2011 census Kamrup district has a population of 1,517,202, roughly equal to the West African country of Gabon or the US state of Hawaii. This gives it a ranking of 327th in India (out of a total of 640). The district has a population density of 436 inhabitants per square kilometre (1,130/sq mi) . Its population growth rate over the decade 2001-2011 was 15.67%. Kamrup has a sex ratio of 946 females for every 1000 males, and a literacy rate of 72.81%.
Religion
The district has followers of Hinduism, Islam, Christianity, Buddhism and Animism. The ancient temples of Kamakhya and Hajo attracts many pilgrims from all quarters. The people of Kamrup also donated a sacred Arya Avalokiteśvara statue to Stakna Monastery in Ladakh.
Language
Major language spoken natively is Kamrupi with pockets of Amri, a Tibeto-Burman language related with Karbi, with 1,25,000 speakers; and A'Tong, also Tibeto-Burman spoken by 10,000 people, found mostly in southern parts bordering Meghalaya.
Economy
The staple crop of the district is rice, of which there are three crops. The indigenous manufactures are confined to the weaving of silk and cotton cloths for home use, and to the making of brass cups and plates. The chief exports are rice, oil seeds, timber and cotton; the imports are fine rice, salt, piece goods, sugar, betel nuts, coconuts and hardware. A section of the Assam-Bengal railway starts from Guwahati, and a branch of the Eastern Bengal railway has recently been opened to the opposite bank of the river. A metalled road runs due south from Guwahati to Shillong.
Notes
- Srivastava, Dayawanti et al. (ed.) (2010). "States and Union Territories: Assam: Government". India 2010: A Reference Annual (54th ed.). New Delhi, India: Additional Director General, Publications Division, Ministry of Information and Broadcasting (India), Government of India. p. 1116. ISBN 978-81-230-1617-7.
{{cite book}}:|access-date=requires|url=(help);|last1=has generic name (help) - "Island Directory Tables: Islands by Land Area". United Nations Environment Program. 1998-02-18. Retrieved 2011-10-11.
Kangaroo Island 4,374km2
{{cite web}}: horizontal tab character in|quote=at position 16 (help) - "Meghalaya flexes muscle on Assam boundary", Zee News, 2008-11-22, retrieved 2012-08-11
- Indian Ministry of Forests and Environment. "Protected areas: Assam". Retrieved September 25, 2011.
- ^ "District Census 2011". Census2011.co.in. 2011. Retrieved 2011-09-30.
- US Directorate of Intelligence. "Country Comparison:Population". Retrieved 2011-10-01.
Gabon 1,576,665
- "2010 Resident Population Data". U. S. Census Bureau. Retrieved 2011-09-30.
Hawaii 1,360,301
- "Stakna Gompa". Buddhist-temples.com. Retrieved October 19, 2009.
- M . Paul Lewis, ed. (2009). "Amri Karbi: A language of India". Ethnologue: Languages of the World (16th edition ed.). Dallas , Texas: SIL International. Retrieved 2011-09-28.
{{cite encyclopedia}}:|edition=has extra text (help) - M . Paul Lewis, ed. (2009). "A'Tong: A language of India". Ethnologue: Languages of the World (16th edition ed.). Dallas, Texas: SIL International. Retrieved 2011-09-28.
{{cite encyclopedia}}:|edition=has extra text (help)
References
- Bannerje, A C (1992). "Chapter 1: The New Regime, 1826-31". In Barpujari, H K (ed.). The Comprehensive History of Assam: Modern Period. Vol. IV. Guwahati: Publication Board, Assam. pp. 1–43.
{{cite book}}: Invalid|ref=harv(help) - Hunter, William Wislon (1879). A Statistical Account of Assam. Trübner & co. Retrieved 2012-12-13.
{{cite book}}: Invalid|ref=harv(help); Unknown parameter|vol=ignored (|volume=suggested) (help) 
This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). Encyclopædia Britannica (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. {{cite encyclopedia}}: Missing or empty|title=(help)
External links
| Places adjacent to Kamrup district | ||||||||||||||||
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Kamrup district
26°20′N 91°15′E / 26.333°N 91.250°E / 26.333; 91.250
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