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| == Biological function == | == Biological function == | ||
| G-CSF is produced, amongst others, by ], ]s and a number of other ] cells. The natural human glycoprotein exists in two forms of a 174 and 180]-long ]. The more abundant and more active 174 amino acid form has been used in the development of pharmaceutical products by recombinant DNA technology. | G-CSF is produced, amongst others, by ], ]s and a number of other ] cells. The natural human glycoprotein exists in two forms of a 174 and 180 ]-long ] of molecular weight of 19,600 grams/mole. The more abundant and more active 174 amino acid form has been used in the development of pharmaceutical products by recombinant DNA technology. | ||
| Mouse granulocyte colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) was first recognised and purified in Australia in 1983, and the human form was cloned by groups from Japan and the U.S.A. in 1986. | Mouse granulocyte colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) was first recognised and purified in Australia in 1983, and the human form was cloned by groups from Japan and the U.S.A. in 1986. | ||
Revision as of 15:16, 23 August 2004
Granulocyte-Colony Stimulating Factor (G-CSF) is a glycoprotein, growth factor or cytokine produced by a number of different tissues to stimulate the bone marrow to produce granulocytes. It also stimulates the survival, proliferation, differentiation and function of neutrophil granulocyte progenitor cells and mature neutrophils.
G-CSF is also known as Colony-Stimulating Factor 3 (CSF 3).
Biological function
G-CSF is produced, amongst others, by endothelium, macrophages and a number of other immune cells. The natural human glycoprotein exists in two forms of a 174 and 180 amino acid-long protein of molecular weight of 19,600 grams/mole. The more abundant and more active 174 amino acid form has been used in the development of pharmaceutical products by recombinant DNA technology.
Mouse granulocyte colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) was first recognised and purified in Australia in 1983, and the human form was cloned by groups from Japan and the U.S.A. in 1986.
The receptor, G-CSF-receptor, is present on precursor cells in the bone marrow that, in response to stimulation by G-CSF, proliferate and differentiate into mature granulocytes.
Genetics
The gene for G-CSF is located on chromosome 17, locus q11.2-q12.
Therapeutic use
In oncology and hematology, a recombinant form of G-CSF is used to accellerate recovery from neutropenia. Chemotherapy can cause myelosuppression and unacceptably low levels of white blood cells, making patients prone for infections and sepsis.
"Filgrastim" (Neupogen®) and "PEG-filgrastim" (Neulasta®) are two commercially available forms of rhG-CSF (recombinant human G-CSF) given to stimulate the production of various types of white blood cells, especially granulocytes and macrophages, following chemotherapy. The PEG (polyethylene glycol) form has a much longer half-life, reducing the necessity of daily injections. Recombinant G-CSF is also marketed under the names "Leukine" and "Sargramostim".