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Revision as of 10:40, 19 March 2013 edit123.17.225.86 (talk) →Han domination← Previous edit Revision as of 17:30, 19 March 2013 edit undo༆ (talk | contribs)Extended confirmed users5,243 edits rv, still feudalistic dynasty saw it that wayNext edit →
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==]== ==]==
{| border="1" cellspacing="1" cellpadding="5" {| border="1" cellspacing="1" cellpadding="5"
|width="auto" bgcolor="#C9A0DC" | '''Date''' |width="auto" bgcolor="#C9A0DC" | '''Date'''
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|width="auto" bgcolor="#C9A0DC" | '''Other people/events''' |width="auto" bgcolor="#C9A0DC" | '''Other people/events'''
|- |-
|206 BC || rowspan="7"| ] (207 - 137 BC) || King Wu of Zhao merges Âu Lạc with ] and ]. || |206 BC || rowspan="7"| ] (207 - 137 BC) || Triệu Vũ Vương merges Âu Lạc with ] and ]. ||
|- |-
|204 BC || King Wu of Zhao named the country ], sets up the capital at ], and proclaims himself Martial King of Nanyue. || |204 BC || Triệu Vũ Vương named the country ], sets up the capital at ], and proclaims himself Martial King of Nam Việt. ||
|- |-
|203 BC || After the Qin dynasty perished, Zhao army conquers the ] county. || |203 BC || After the Qin dynasty perished, Triệu army conquers the ] county. ||
|- |-
|196 BC || First tribute to Han dynasty after an envoy from the Han Empire gave King Wu of Zhao a seal recognizing him as King of Nanyue.<ref name=Taylor>Taylor, 1991, p. 24.</ref> || |196 BC || First tribute to Han dynasty after an envoy from the Han Empire gave Triệu Vũ Vương a seal recognizing him as King of Nam Việt.<ref name=Taylor>Taylor, 1991, p. 24.</ref> ||
|- |-
|183 BC || The economy suffered by ]'s blockade of trade. King Wu of Zhao declares himself Martial Emperor of Nanyue and sacks ] country to the North. || The kingdoms of ], ] and Tongshi declare their allegiance to Nanyue rule, greatly expanding Nanyue's territory and control. |183 BC || The economy suffered by ]'s blockade of trade. Triệu Vũ Vương declares himself Martial Emperor of Nam Việt and sacks ] country to the North. || The kingdoms of ], ] and Tongshi declare their allegiance to Nam Việt rule, greatly expanding Nam Việt's territory and control.
|- |-
|180 BC || The military conflict with the Han Empire ends as Empress Dowager Lü dies. As the victor, King Wu of Zhao also extends his territory by conquering towns near the boundary. || |180 BC || The military conflict with the Han Empire ends as Empress Dowager Lü dies. As the victor, Triệu Vũ Vương also extends his territory by conquering towns near the boundary. ||
|- |-
|179 BC || Second tributary obeisance to Han dynasty. || ], a major Buddhist center in the region, founded.<ref name="histbudv-20">], .</ref> |179 BC || Second tributary obeisance to Han dynasty. || ], a major Buddhist center in the region, founded.<ref name="histbudv-20">], .</ref>
|- |-
| || ] (137 - 122 BC) || || | || ] (137 - 122 BC) || ||
|- |-
| || ] (122 - 115 BC) || || | || ] (122 - 115 BC) || ||
|- |-
| || ] (115 - 112 BC) || || | || ] (115 - 112 BC) || ||
|- |-
|111 BC || ] (112 - 111 BC) || ] || |111 BC || ] (112 - 111 BC) || ] ||
|} |}


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|width="auto" bgcolor="#0892D0" | '''Other people/events''' |width="auto" bgcolor="#0892D0" | '''Other people/events'''
|- |-
| || ] (石戴, 111 - 86 BC) || || | || ] (111 - 86 BC) || ||
|- |-
| || ] (周章, 86 - 75 BC) || || | || ] (86 - 75 BC) || ||
|- |-
| || ] (鄧讓, 8 - 23) || || | || ] (8 - 23) || ||
|- |-
| || ] (任延, 29 - 33) || || | || ] (29 - 33) || ||
|- |-
|39 || ] (蘇定, 34 - 40) || ] lead a rebellion against Han rule.<ref name="marines"></ref> || |39 || ] (34 - 40) || ] lead a rebellion against Han rule.<ref name="marines"></ref> ||
|} |}


Revision as of 17:30, 19 March 2013

Part of a series on the
History of Vietnam
Prehistoric
Paleolithic
Sơn Vi culture 20,000 BC–12,000 BC
Mesolithic
Hoabinhian 12,000 BC–10,000 BC
Neolithic
Bắc Sơn culture 10,000 BC–8,000 BC
Quỳnh Văn culture 8,000 BC–6,000 BC
Đa Bút culture 4,000 BC–3,000 BC
Bronze and Iron Ages
Phùng Nguyên culture 2,000 BC–1,500 BC
Đồng Đậu culture 1,500 BC–1,000 BC
Gò Mun culture 1,000–800 BC
Dong Son culture (1,000 BC–100 AD)
Sa Huỳnh culture (1,000 BC–200 AD)
Óc Eo culture (1–630 AD)
Ancient
Hồng Bàng dynasty 2879 BC–258 BC
Thục dynasty 257 BC–179 BC
Triệu dynasty 204 BC–111 BC
Dominated
1st Chinese domination 111 BC–40 AD
Trung sisters' rebellion 40–43
2nd Chinese domination 43–544
Early Lý dynasty544–602
3rd Chinese domination602–938
Dynastic
Ngô dynasty 939–965
Anarchy of the 12 Warlords 965–968
Đinh dynasty 968–980
Early Lê dynasty 980–1009
Later Lý dynasty 1009–1225
Trần dynasty 1225–1400
Hồ dynasty 1400–1407
4th Chinese domination 1407–1428
Later Lê dynasty 1428–1527
Mạc dynasty 1527–1592
Later Lê Restoration 1533–1789
Tây Sơn dynasty 1778–1802
Nguyễn dynasty 1802–1945
Colonial
French Cochinchina 1862–1949
French Annam 1883–1948
French Tonkin 1883–1948
French Indochina 1887–1954
Empire of Vietnam 1945
Republic
North Vietnam
 1945–1976
Republic of South Vietnam 1975–1976
South Vietnam
 1955–1975
State of Vietnam 1949–1955
Socialist Republic of Vietnam 1976-now
Non-Vietnamese history
Funan 68–627
Champa 192–1832
Cát Tiên archaeological site 300–800
Chenla 550–781
Nanzhao 738–902
Khmer Empire 802–1431
Dali Kingdom 937–1253
Nung-Zhuang kingdom 1042–1052
Ngưu Hống 1061–1432
Jarai kingdoms 1100–1904
Sip Song Chau Tai 1600–1954
Principality of Hà Tiên1707–1832
By topic
flag Vietnam portal

The following is a timeline of the history of Vietnam.

Predynastic

Date Ruler Events Other people/events
4000 - 2000 BC Excavations have yielded a number of rice remains.
3500 BC The Red River Delta was first host to wet rice cultivation.

Hồng Bàng Dynasty

Early Hồng Bàng

Date Ruler Events Other people/events
2879 BC King Lục Dương Vương (2879 - 2794 BC) Lộc Tục succeeds in grouping all the vassal states within his territory into a unified nation, proclaims himself Kinh Dương Vương and calls his newly born nation Xích Quỷ. The capital is Phong Châu (then in nowadays southern Hanoi).
2793 BC Many kings named themselves Hùng Hiền Vương (2793 - 2525 BC)
2524 BC Many kings named themselves Hùng Quốc Vương (2524 - 2253 BC) Xích Quỷ is renamed Văn Lang. Capital Phong Châu is moved to the site of modern Phú Thọ.
? Beginning of administrative rule of the Lạc tướng, Bố chính, and Lạc hầu.
? Công Ba explores the Red River Delta region.
~2500 BC The Hùng Vương expands rice cultivation.
2254 BC Many kings named themselves Hùng Diệp Vương (2254 - 1913 BC)
? Thiên Cương puts down the Xích quỷ Rebellion.
~2000 BC Phùng Nguyên culture.

Middle Hồng Bàng

Date Ruler Events Other people/events
1912 BC Many kings named themselves Hùng Hy Vương (1912 - 1713 BC)
1712 BC Many kings named themselves Hùng Huy Vương (1712 - 1632 BC)
? Vũ Hồng and Vũ Thị Lê Hoa's military campaign.
1631 BC Many kings named themselves Hùng Chiêu Vương (1631 - 1432 BC)
~1500 BC Đồng Đậu culture.
~1486 BC Shang invasion. Resistance led by Thánh Gióng.
1431 BC Many kings named themselves Hùng Vi Vương (1431 - 1332 BC)
1331 BC Many kings named themselves Hùng Định Vương (1331 - 1252 BC)
1251 BC Many kings named themselves Hùng Nghi Vương (1251 - 1162 BC)
~1200 BC Development of irrigated rice cultivation in the Ma River and Red River plains. Development of bronze casting, which later led to the development of the Đông Sơn culture.
1161 BC Many kings named themselves Hùng Trinh Vương (1161 - 1055 BC)
~1045 BC Gò Mun culture.

Late Hồng Bàng

Date Ruler Events Other people/events
1054 BC Many kings named themselves Hùng Vũ Vương (1054 - 969 BC)
~1000 BC Đông Sơn culture, notable for its elaborate bronze drums. Văn Lang's population is about 1 million people.
968 BC Many kings named themselves Hùng Việt Vương (968 - 854 BC)
853 BC Many kings named themselves Hùng Anh Vương (853 - 755 BC)
754 BC Many kings named themselves Hùng Triệu Vương (754 - 661 BC)
~700 BC The process of migration of refugees from the Spring and Autumn period to Red River Delta begins. This included the Lạc Việt tribes who would become the dominant group within the country.
660 BC Many kings named themselves Hùng Tạo Vương (660 - 569 BC)
? General Thạch Tướng puts down the Man rebellion.
~600 BC Appearance of the tidal irrigation of rice fields through an elaborate system of canals and dikes. The fields are called Lạc fields.
568 BC Many kings named themselves Hùng Nghi Vương (568 - 409 BC)
? Princess Nguyệt Cư's affair.
~470 BC King Goujian of Yue sends missions to Văn Lang demanding submission but the Hùng Vương refuses.
408 BC Many kings named themselves Hùng Duệ Vương (408 - 258 BC)
~400 BC A mass migration to Red River Delta takes place because of the Warring States period.
300 BC Proselytizing Buddhist delegations are sent from India, some of whom are thought to have reached Văn Lang. The Âu Việt reach the northern border of Văn Lang and start to trade with the Lạc Việt.
? Phan Tây Nhạc's military campaign.
258 BC Thục Phán, the ruler of the neighboring upland Âu Việt tribes, conquers Văn Lang and overthrows the last Hùng Duệ Vương.

Thục Dynasty

Date Ruler Events Other people/events
King An Dương Vương (257 - 207 BC)

Triệu Dynasty

Date Ruler Events Other people/events
206 BC King Triệu Vũ Vương (207 - 137 BC) Triệu Vũ Vương merges Âu Lạc with Guangdong and Guangxi.
204 BC Triệu Vũ Vương named the country Nam Việt, sets up the capital at Phiên Ngung, and proclaims himself Martial King of Nam Việt.
203 BC After the Qin dynasty perished, Triệu army conquers the Quế Lâm county.
196 BC First tribute to Han dynasty after an envoy from the Han Empire gave Triệu Vũ Vương a seal recognizing him as King of Nam Việt.
183 BC The economy suffered by Empress Dowager Lü's blockade of trade. Triệu Vũ Vương declares himself Martial Emperor of Nam Việt and sacks Changsha country to the North. The kingdoms of Minyue, Yelang and Tongshi declare their allegiance to Nam Việt rule, greatly expanding Nam Việt's territory and control.
180 BC The military conflict with the Han Empire ends as Empress Dowager Lü dies. As the victor, Triệu Vũ Vương also extends his territory by conquering towns near the boundary.
179 BC Second tributary obeisance to Han dynasty. Luy Lâu, a major Buddhist center in the region, founded.
King Triệu Văn Vương (137 - 122 BC)
King Triệu Minh Vương (122 - 115 BC)
King Triệu Ai Vương (115 - 112 BC)
111 BC King Triệu Dương Vương (112 - 111 BC) Han – Nam Việt War

Han domination

Date Ruler Events Other people/events
Thạch Đái (111 - 86 BC)
Chu Chương (86 - 75 BC)
Đặng Nhượng (8 - 23)
Nhâm Diên (29 - 33)
39 Tô Định (34 - 40) Trưng Sisters lead a rebellion against Han rule.

Trưng Sisters

Date Ruler Events Other people/events
43 Queen Trưng Nữ Vương (40 - 43) Han general Ma Yuan crushed the Trưng sisters.

Han to Liang domination

This section is empty. You can help by adding to it. (January 2013)

Anterior Lý Dynasty

Date Ruler Ruler Events Other people/events
544 Emperor Lý Nam Đế (544 - 548) Lý Bí proclaimed himself emperor and named the country Vạn Xuân.
545 Defeated by the Liang army under Trần Bá Tiên at Chu Diên and at the estuary of the Tô Lịch River, Lý Nam Đế fled to the Gia Ninh Citadel (in modern Việt Trì).
546 As the Gia Ninh Citadel collapsed, Lý Nam Đế retreated to Khuất Lạo Cave, reorganized his army and ceded his military authorities to General Triệu Quang Phục.
547 Triệu Quang Phục withdrew to defend Dạ Trạch swamp (Khoái Châu District).
548 Emperor Triệu Việt Vương (548 - 571) Emperor Lý Đào Lang Vương (548 - 555) After the death of Lý Nam Đế in Khuất Lão Cave, Triệu Quang Phục proclaimed himself Triệu Việt Vương. Trần Bá Tiên besieged several times but failed to toppled him.
550 Triệu Việt Vương defeated the Liang army and regained Vạn Xuân, building his capital at Long Biên. While Triệu Quang Phục led his forces against Trần Bá Tiên, Lý Thiên Bảo defended Dã Năng (now in Laos) and proclaimed himself Đào Lang Vương.
555 Lý Phật Tử succeeded Đào Lang Vương in military dominance.
557 Emperor Later Lý Nam Đế (555 - 602) Lý Phật Tử moved his troops eastward clashing with Triệu Việt Vương but the two sides came up with a truce and created a boundary between their territories.
571 Lý Phật Tử broke the truce and conquered an unpreparedness Triệu Việt Vương's domain. Lý Phật Tử now ruled the entire country and built the capital at Phong Châu.
602 The Sui army invaded Vạn Xuân forcing Later Lý Nam Đế to controversially decide to abdicate in exchange for peace and political stability in the region.

Sui to Tang domination

This section is empty. You can help by adding to it. (January 2013)

Ngô Dynasty

Date Ruler Ruler Events Other people/events
King Tiền Ngô Vương (939 - 944)
King Dương Bình Vương (944 - 950)
King Nam Tấn Vương (950 - 965) King Thiên Sách Vương (951 - 954)
12 Warlords (965 - 968):
Ngô Xương Xí, Ngô Lãm Công, Đỗ Cảnh Công, Phạm Phòng Át, Kiều Tam Chế, Nguyễn Thái Bình, Nguyễn Hữu Công, Nguyễn Lệnh Công, Kiều Lệnh Công, Lý Lãng, Trần Minh Công, Lã Tá Công

Đinh Dynasty

Date Ruler Events Other people/events
Emperor Đinh Tiên Hoàng (968 - 979)
Emperor Đinh Phế Đế (979 - 980)

Prior Lê Dynasty

Date Ruler Events Other people/events
981 Emperor Lê Đại Hành (980 - 1005) Lê Hoàn defeats a Song invasion.
982 Lê armies invade Champa and destroy its capital, Indrapura.
Emperor Lê Trung Tông (1005)
Emperor Lê Ngọa Triều (1005 - 1009)

Posterior Lý Dynasty

Date Ruler Ruler Events Other people/events
Emperor Lý Thái Tổ (1009 - 1028)
Emperor Lý Thái Tông (1028 - 1054)
1070 Emperor Lý Thánh Tông (1054 - 1072) Temple of Literature founded.
1075 Emperor Lý Nhân Tông (1072 - 1127) Minor officials chosen by examination for the first time.
Emperor Lý Thần Tông (1127 - 1138)
Emperor Lý Anh Tông (1138 - 1175)
Emperor Lý Cao Tông (1176 - 1210) Emperor Lý Thẩm (1209)
Emperor Lý Huệ Tông (1211 - 1224) Emperor Lý Nguyên Vương (1214 - 1216)
Queen Lý Chiêu Hoàng (1224 - 1225)

Trần Dynasty

Date Ruler Events Other people/events
1258 Emperor Trần Thái Tông (1225 - 1258) First Mongol invasion repelled.
Emperor Trần Thánh Tông (1258 - 1278)
1285 Emperor Trần Nhân Tông (1278 - 1293) Second Mongol invasion defeated. Resistance led by Trần Hưng Đạo.
1288 Third Mongol invasion repelled.
1306 Emperor Trần Anh Tông (1293 - 1314) Trần princess Huyền Trân marries Cham ruler Chế Mân in Huế; marriage politics.
Emperor Trần Minh Tông (1314 - 1329)
Emperor Trần Hiến Tông (1329 - 1341)
1360 Emperor Trần Dụ Tông (1341 - 1369) Wars against Champa under Chế Bồng Nga (to 1390).
Emperor Hôn Đức Công (1369 - 1370)
Emperor Trần Nghệ Tông (1370 - 1372)
Emperor Trần Duệ Tông (1372 - 1377)
Emperor Trần Phế Đế (1377 - 1388)
Emperor Trần Thuận Tông (1388 - 1398)
Emperor Trần Thiếu Đế (1398 - 1400)

Hồ Dynasty

Date Ruler Events Other people/events
King Hồ Quý Ly (1400)
King Hồ Hán Thương (1401 - 1407)

Ming domination

This section is empty. You can help by adding to it. (January 2013)

Later Lê Dynasty

Date Ruler Ruler Events Other people/events
1428 Emperor Lê Thái Tổ (1428 - 1433) The country once again named Đại Việt.
Emperor Lê Thái Tông (1433 - 1442)
Emperor Lê Nhân Tông (1442 - 1459)
Emperor Lê Nghi Dân (1459 - 1460)
1483 Emperor Lê Thánh Tông (1460 - 1497) Hồng Đức legal code promulgated.
Emperor Lê Hiến Tông (1497 - 1504)
Emperor Lê Túc Tông (1504)
Emperor Lê Uy Mục (1504 - 1509)
Emperor Lê Tương Dực (1509 - 1516)
Emperor Lê Quang Trị (1516)
Emperor Lê Chiêu Tông (1516 - 1522) Emperor Lê Bảng (1518 - 1519)
Emperor Lê Do (1519)
Emperor Lê Cung Hoàng (1522 - 1527)

Mạc Dynasty

Date Ruler Ruler Events Other people/events
King Mạc Thái Tổ (1527 - 1530)
King Mạc Thái Tông (1530 - 1540)
King Mạc Hiến Tông (1540 - 1546)
King Mạc Tuyên Tông (1546 - 1561) King Mạc Chính Trung
King Mạc Mậu Hợp (1562 - 1592)
King Mạc Toàn (1592 - 1593) King Mạc Kính Chỉ (1592 - 1593)
King Mạc Kính Cung (1592 - 1625)
King Mạc Kính Khoan (1623 - 1638)
King Mạc Kính Vũ (1638 - 1677)

Restored Lê Dynasty

This section is empty. You can help by adding to it. (January 2013)

Tây Sơn Dynasty

Date Ruler Ruler Events Other people/events
1778 Emperor Thái Đức (1778 - 1793) Most of Nguyễn clan annihilated by the Tây Sơn. Nguyễn Ánh's loyalists retake Gia Định. Thái Đức sets up the capital at Quy Nhơn.
1783 Nguyễn Ánh flees the country.
1785 Battle of Rạch Gầm-Xoài Mút.
1786 Phú Xuân Campaign. Thăng Long Campaign.
1787 Nguyễn Nhạc-Nguyễn Huệ split. French missionary Pigneau de Behaine persuades French court to assist in restoration of the Nguyễn. Treaty of Versailles.
1788 Emperor Quang Trung (1788 - 1792) Nguyễn Ánh retakes Gia Định.
1789 Battle of Ngọc Hồi-Đống Đa.
1790 Battle of Bình Thuận.
1792 Death and funeral of Quang Trung.
1800 Emperor Cảnh Thịnh (1792 - 1802) Siege of Quy Nhơn.
1801 Battle of Thị Nại.
1802 Battle of Trấn Ninh The Nguyễn defeat last of Tây Sơn forces.

Nguyễn Dynasty

Date Ruler Events Other people/events
1802 Emperor Gia Long (1802 - 1820) Capital moved to Huế.
1809 Nguyễn Du completes The Tale of Kiều.
1821 Emperor Minh Mạng (1820 - 1841) Phan Bá Vành Uprising.
1833 Nông Văn Vân Uprising. Lê Văn Khôi Revolt.
1845 Emperor Thiệu Trị (1841 - 1847) USS Constitution lands in Da Nang as a company of US Marines moves overland to Huế and rescues a French Bishop who had been captured by the Vietnamese.
1847 French bombardment of Da Nang in response to persecution of Catholic missionaries.
1854 Emperor Tự Đức (1847 - 1883) Cao Bá Quát Uprising.
1858 Cochinchina Campaign.
1861 Sinking of L'Esperance
1862 Treaty of Saigon
Emperor Dục Đức (1883)
Emperor Hiệp Hòa (1883)
Emperor Kiến Phúc (1883 - 1884)
Emperor Hàm Nghi (1884 - 1885)
Emperor Đồng Khánh (1885 - 1889)
Emperor Thành Thái (1889 - 1907)
Emperor Duy Tân (1907 - 1916)
Emperor Khải Định (1916 - 1925)
Emperor Bảo Đại (1925 - 1945)

Republic

Date Ruler Events Other people/events
1976 President Tôn Đức Thắng (1976 - 1980) The National Assembly proclaims official unification of Vietnam as the Socialist Republic of Vietnam. Fourth National Party Congress. The Vietnamese Workers Party renamed the Vietnam Communist Party.
1977 Vietnam admitted to United Nations.
1978 Vietnam admitted to membership in the Council for Mutual Economic Assistance (Comecon). 25-year "Treaty of Friendship and Cooperation" with the Soviet Union.
President Nguyễn Hữu Thọ (1980 - 1981)
1982 Trường Chinh, Chairman of the State Council (1981 - 1987) Fifth National Party Congress.
1986 Sixth National Party Congress.
1991 Võ Chí Công, Chairman of the State Council (1987 - 1992) Seventh National Party Congress.
1996 President Lê Đức Anh (1992 - 1997) Eighth National Party Congress.
2001 President Trần Đức Lương (1997 - 2006) Ninth National Party Congress.
2006 Tenth National Party Congress.
2011 President Nguyễn Minh Triết (2006 - 2011) Eleventh National Party Congress. Mường Nhé Uprising.
President Trương Tấn Sang (2011–present)

Notes

  1. Dao 1985
  2. Vietnam Notebook: Early History, Nam Viet to Gia Long
  3. ^ Đại Việt sử ký toàn thư, Issue 1
  4. Administration of Văn Lang - Âu Lạc
  5. Lê Trung Vũ & Lê Hồng Lý, p. 95
  6. ^ Timeline of the Hùng Vương era
  7. Lê Trung Vũ & Lê Hồng Lý, p. 414
  8. Lê Trung Vũ & Lê Hồng Lý, p. 852
  9. Vũ Hồng - Vũ Thị Lê Hoa
  10. Đồng Đậu archaeological site
  11. Lê Trung Vũ & Lê Hồng Lý, p. 107
  12. ^ Vietnamese History: A Chronological Outline
  13. ^ Vietnam - HISTORY
  14. Gò Mun culture
  15. ^ Hauptly, 1985, 4
  16. Đào Duy Anh, Đất nước Việt Nam qua các đời, NXB VHTT, 2005, p. 21
  17. Cao Xuân Đỉnh 1969, pp. 126–130
  18. Lê Trung Vũ & Lê Hồng Lý, p. 267
  19. Âu Lạc under An Dương Vương
  20. Nguyễn, Tài Thư (1997), p.13.
  21. Vietnamese nationality timeline
  22. Lê Trung Vũ & Lê Hồng Lý, p. 65
  23. Lĩnh Nam chích quái
  24. Taylor, 1991, p. 24.
  25. Nguyễn, Tài Thư (1997), p.20.
  26. ^ Vietnam - a country study
  27. Việt sử Thông giám cương mục.
  28. Đại Việt sử ký toàn thư, Issue 4
  29. Lịch sử chế độ phong kiến, Vol. 3, pp. 505–506.
  30. ^ Leadup to French Colonization.
  31. Thousands of Hmong stage rare Vietnam protest

References

  • Cao Xuân Đỉnh. Người anh hùng làng Dóng. NxbKHXH 1969.
  • Dao, T. T. 1985. Types of rice cultivation and its related civilization in Vietnam. East Asian Cultural Studies 24: 41—56.
  • Hauptly, Denis J. (1985), In Vietnam, New York.
  • Lê Trung Vũ & Lê Hồng Lý. Lễ hội Việt Nam. Hương Trang Cultural Company Ltd. & NXB Văn hóa Thông tin, 2005.
  • Taylor, Keith Weller, The Birth of Vietnam. University of California Press, 1991.
  • Tài Thư Nguyễn (1997), History of Buddhism in Vietnam, Cultural heritage and contemporary change: South East Asia, CRVP, ISBN 1565180984
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