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== History == == History ==
The town's official webpage connects its early history with settlement by early Slavic peoples, and later settlement by ] who were conquered by Polish ruler ].<ref> O Mieście Urząd Nowego Miasta Lubawskiego</ref> In 1310 the ] acquired the region of Gdańsk Pomerania and Otto von Luttenberg, ] of ], founded the settlement in 1325.<ref name="HHS" /> It was known under the names ''Nuwenmarkt'', ''Novum Forum'' and ''Nowy Targ''.<ref> O Mieście Urząd Nowego Miasta Lubawskiego</ref> During the time span 1334–43 Neumark was the seat of a ] of the Teutonic Order.<ref name="HHS" /> It adopted ] in 1353. In Polish–Teutonic War of 1410 the town briefly became part of Poland due to result of local fighting, and remained so until the 1411 Peace Treaty. In 1454, the city joined the ], an association of cities and gentry that opposed the policies of the Order. The town's official webpage connects its early history with settlement by early Slavic peoples, and later settlement by ] who were conquered by Polish ruler ].<ref> O Mieście Urząd Nowego Miasta Lubawskiego</ref> In 1310 the ] acquired the region of Gdańsk Pomerania and Otto von Luttenberg, ] of ], founded the settlement in 1325.{{cn|date=April 2013}} It was known under the names ''Nuwenmarkt'', ''Novum Forum'' and ''Nowy Targ''.<ref> O Mieście Urząd Nowego Miasta Lubawskiego</ref> During the time span 1334–43 Neumark was the seat of a ] of the Teutonic Order.{{cn|date=April 2013}} It adopted ] in 1353. In Polish–Teutonic War of 1410 the town briefly became part of Poland due to result of local fighting, and remained so until the 1411 Peace Treaty. In 1454, the city joined the ], an association of cities and gentry that opposed the policies of the Order.


After the ] (1466) the town, as part of the autonomous province of ] became part of ], where it remained until 1772. During the ], in 1581 the parish church, which is almost as old as the town itself, became evangelical.<ref name="HHS" /> In 1772 the town had 101 occupied dwelling houses and 59 devastated building sites.<ref name="HHS" /> In the 18th century the town was still surrounded by a town wall and by a rampart, and the parish church was Catholic.<ref name="JFG" /> A Protestant church was built in 1824.<ref name="HHS" /> After the ] (1466) the town, as part of the province of ] became part of ], where it remained until 1772. During the ], in 1581 the parish church, which is almost as old as the town itself, became evangelical.<{{cn|date=April 2013}} In 1772 the town had 101 occupied dwelling houses and 59 devastated{{clarify|date=April 2013}} building sites.{{cn|date=April 2013}} In the 18th century the town was still surrounded by a town wall and by a rampart, and the parish church was Catholic.<ref name="JFG" /> A Protestant church was built in 1824.{{cn|date=April 2013}}


In the ] in 1772 Gdańsk Pomerania was incorporated into the ], and Neumark belonged now to the newly formed province of ]. In the ] in 1772 Gdańsk Pomerania was incorporated into the ], and Neumark belonged now to the newly formed province of ].


At the end of the 19th century, the town was capital of ] in the Prussian administrative district of ] in ], where it remained until 1919. It had a ] and a ] church, a ], a court, a steam mill with grain trading, and (as of 1885) 2,678 inhabitants. The monastery Maria-Lonk was nearby. Around 1908 the town also had a dairy, an electric power plant, three sawmills and a brickwork.<ref name="MKL" /> At the end of the 19th century, the town was capital of ] in the Prussian administrative district of ] in ], where it remained until 1919. It had a ] and a ] church, a ], a court, a steam mill with grain trading, and (as of 1885) 2,678 inhabitants. The monastery Maria-Lonk was nearby. Around 1908 the town also had a dairy, an electric power plant, three sawmills and brickwork.<ref name="MKL" />


Until 1920 Neumark belonged to Landkreis Löbau in the administrative district of ] in the German ]. Until 1920 Neumark belonged to ] in the administrative district of ] in the German ].


When after ] the ] became effective in January 1920, and the ] was arranged in a region, which hitherto had been German territory, the town was incorporated without a referendum into the ]. The city webpage notes 19 January 1920 as the "return of the city to the motherland".<ref> O Mieście Urząd Nowego Miasta Lubawskiego "Nowe Miasto Lubawskie, podobnie jak całe Prusy Królewskie, zostało zagarnięte przez państwo pruskie w wyniku traktatów rozbiorowych z 1772 roku, a powróciło do Macierzy dopiero 19 stycznia 1920 roku"</ref> During the ] Nowe Miasto Lubawskie was the capital of Nowe Miasto County ({{lang-pl|powiat nowomiejski}}) in the Polish ]. When after ] the ] became effective in January 1920, and the ] was created the town was incorporated into the ]. The city webpage notes 19 January 1920 as the "return of the city to the motherland".<ref> O Mieście Urząd Nowego Miasta Lubawskiego "Nowe Miasto Lubawskie, podobnie jak całe Prusy Królewskie, zostało zagarnięte przez państwo pruskie w wyniku traktatów rozbiorowych z 1772 roku, a powróciło do Macierzy dopiero 19 stycznia 1920 roku"</ref> During the ] Nowe Miasto Lubawskie was the capital of Nowe Miasto County ({{lang-pl|powiat nowomiejski}}) in the Polish ].


During the German ] in 1939 the town and the local area were occupied on 3 September. Afterwards 2,500 civilians were mass murdered in actions carried out by SS and units made up from German minority's militia, the ].<ref> O Mieście Urząd Nowego Miasta Lubawskiego</ref> From 26 October 1939 to 1945 Neumark belonged to Landkreis Löbau/Neumark in the province of ]. During the German ] in 1939 the town and the local area were occupied on 3 September. Afterwards 2,500 civilians were mass murdered in actions carried out by SS and units made up from German minority's militia, the ].<ref> O Mieście Urząd Nowego Miasta Lubawskiego</ref> From 26 October 1939 to 1945 Neumark belonged to Landkreis Löbau/Neumark in the province of ].
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! Remarks ! Remarks
|- |-
| 1789 || align="right" | 809 || without the garrison (one squadron of a 1773 formed hussar regiment), mostly ]<ref name="JFG">]: ''Volständige Topographie des Königreichs Preussen''. Part II: ''Topographie von West-Preussen'' , Marienwerder 1789, </ref> | 1789 || align="right" | 809 || without the garnison (one squadron of a 1773 formed hussar regiment), mostly ]<ref name="JFG">]: ''Vollständige Topographie des Königreichs Preußen''. Teil II, Marienwerder 1789, </ref>
|- |-
| 1831 || align="right" | 1,188 || mostly Poles<ref name="AEP" >August Eduard Preuß: ''Preußische Landes- und Volkskunde''. Königsberg 1835, </ref> | 1831 || align="right" | 1,188 || mostly Poles<ref name="AEP" >August Eduard Preuß: ''Preußische Landes- und Volkskunde''. Königsberg 1835, </ref>
Line 86: Line 86:
| 1905 || align="right" | 3,800 || incl. 1,125 Protestants and 297 Jews<ref name="MKL" >''Meyers Großes Konversations-Lexikon'', 6th edition, Vol. 14, Leipzig and Vienna 1908, p. 565–566, no. 1).</ref> | 1905 || align="right" | 3,800 || incl. 1,125 Protestants and 297 Jews<ref name="MKL" >''Meyers Großes Konversations-Lexikon'', 6th edition, Vol. 14, Leipzig and Vienna 1908, p. 565–566, no. 1).</ref>
|- |-
| 1910 || align="right" | 4,144{{cn|date=April 2013}}||
| 1910 || align="right" | 4,144<ref name="HHS" >], ed.: ''Handbuch der historischen Stätten: Ost und Westpreußen'', Kröner, Stuttgart 1981, ISBN 3-520-31701-X, p. 156.</ref> ||
|- |-
| 1921 || align="right" | 3,721<ref name="HHS" /> || incl. 250 Germans<ref>''Der Gro0e Brockhaus'', 15th edition, Vol. 13, Leipzig 1932, p. 313.</ref> | 1921 || align="right" | 3,721{{cn|date=April 2013}}|| incl. 250 Germans<ref>''Der Gro0e Brockhaus'', 15th edition, Vol. 13, Leipzig 1932, p. 313.</ref>
|- |-
| 1943 || align="right" | 4,884<ref name="HHS" /> || | 1943 || align="right" | 4,884{{cn|date=April 2013}}||
|- |-
| 2006 || align="right" | 11,036 || | 2006 || align="right" | 11,036 ||
|} |}



== Famous people == == Famous people ==

Revision as of 16:38, 10 May 2013

Place in Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship, Poland
Nowe Miasto Lubawskie
Market SquareMarket Square
Coat of arms of Nowe Miasto LubawskieCoat of arms
Country Poland
VoivodeshipWarmian-Masurian
CountyNowe Miasto
GminaNowe Miasto Lubawskie (urban gmina)
Established1325
Town rights1325
Government
 • MayorJózef Blank
Area
 • Total11.61 km (4.48 sq mi)
Elevation82 m (269 ft)
Population
 • Total11,036
 • Density950/km (2,500/sq mi)
Time zoneUTC+1 (CET)
 • Summer (DST)UTC+2 (CEST)
Postal code13-300
Area code+48 56
Car platesNNM
Websitewww.umnowemiasto.pl

Nowe Miasto Lubawskie (Template:Audio-de) is a town in Poland, situated at river Drwęca. The population is 11,104 (2004). Nowe Miasto Lubawskie is the capital of Nowe Miasto County (Template:Lang-pl) and was assigned to the Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship in 1999.

Geographical location

Nowe Miasto Lubawskie is located on the r.h.s of the upper course of river Drwęca in Gdańsk Pomerania, on a high ground in the valley of the Drwęca, about 15 kilometers south-west of the town of Lubawa, 70 kilometers south-west of the town of Olsztyn and 115 kilometers south-east of the regional center of Gdańsk.

Saint Thomas Basilica (Catholic)
Protestant church (1824)
Medieval town gate

History

The town's official webpage connects its early history with settlement by early Slavic peoples, and later settlement by Old Prussians who were conquered by Polish ruler Bolesław Krzywousty. In 1310 the Teutonic Order acquired the region of Gdańsk Pomerania and Otto von Luttenberg, Komtur of Culm, founded the settlement in 1325. It was known under the names Nuwenmarkt, Novum Forum and Nowy Targ. During the time span 1334–43 Neumark was the seat of a Vogt of the Teutonic Order. It adopted Kulm law in 1353. In Polish–Teutonic War of 1410 the town briefly became part of Poland due to result of local fighting, and remained so until the 1411 Peace Treaty. In 1454, the city joined the Prussian Confederation, an association of cities and gentry that opposed the policies of the Order.

After the Second Peace of Thorn (1466) the town, as part of the province of Royal Prussia became part of Kingdom of Poland, where it remained until 1772. During the Reformation, in 1581 the parish church, which is almost as old as the town itself, became evangelical.< In 1772 the town had 101 occupied dwelling houses and 59 devastated building sites. In the 18th century the town was still surrounded by a town wall and by a rampart, and the parish church was Catholic. A Protestant church was built in 1824.

In the First Partition of Poland in 1772 Gdańsk Pomerania was incorporated into the Kingdom of Prussia, and Neumark belonged now to the newly formed province of West Prussia.

At the end of the 19th century, the town was capital of Landkreis Löbau in the Prussian administrative district of Regierungsbezirk Marienwerder in West Prussia, where it remained until 1919. It had a Lutheran and a Catholic church, a Progymnasium, a court, a steam mill with grain trading, and (as of 1885) 2,678 inhabitants. The monastery Maria-Lonk was nearby. Around 1908 the town also had a dairy, an electric power plant, three sawmills and brickwork.

Until 1920 Neumark belonged to Kreis Löbau in the administrative district of Regierungsbezirk Marienwerder in the German Province of West Prussia.

When after World War I the Treaty of Versailles became effective in January 1920, and the Polish Corridor was created the town was incorporated into the Second Polish Republic. The city webpage notes 19 January 1920 as the "return of the city to the motherland". During the Second Polish Republic Nowe Miasto Lubawskie was the capital of Nowe Miasto County (Template:Lang-pl) in the Polish Pomeranian Voivodeship.

During the German Invasion of Poland in 1939 the town and the local area were occupied on 3 September. Afterwards 2,500 civilians were mass murdered in actions carried out by SS and units made up from German minority's militia, the Selbstschutz. From 26 October 1939 to 1945 Neumark belonged to Landkreis Löbau/Neumark in the province of Reichsgau Danzig-West Prussia.

On 21 January 1945 the town was captured by the Red Army. After the war the town became part of the People's Republic of Poland.

Number of inhabitants by year

Year Number Remarks
1789 809 without the garnison (one squadron of a 1773 formed hussar regiment), mostly Poles
1831 1,188 mostly Poles
1875 2,371
1880 2,742
1885 2,678
1890 2,723 incl. 842 Protestants, 1,533 Catholics and 328 Jews (800 Poles)
1905 3,800 incl. 1,125 Protestants and 297 Jews
1910 4,144
1921 3,721 incl. 250 Germans
1943 4,884
2006 11,036

Famous people

International relations

See also: List of twin towns and sister cities in Poland

Twin towns — Sister cities

Nowe Miasto Lubawskie is twinned with: Hude, Šalčininkai

References

  1. O Mieście Urząd Nowego Miasta Lubawskiego
  2. O Mieście Urząd Nowego Miasta Lubawskiego
  3. ^ Johann Friedrich Goldbeck: Vollständige Topographie des Königreichs Preußen. Teil II, Marienwerder 1789, pp. 45–46, no. 5.
  4. ^ Meyers Großes Konversations-Lexikon, 6th edition, Vol. 14, Leipzig and Vienna 1908, p. 565–566, no. 1).
  5. O Mieście Urząd Nowego Miasta Lubawskiego "Nowe Miasto Lubawskie, podobnie jak całe Prusy Królewskie, zostało zagarnięte przez państwo pruskie w wyniku traktatów rozbiorowych z 1772 roku, a powróciło do Macierzy dopiero 19 stycznia 1920 roku"
  6. O Mieście Urząd Nowego Miasta Lubawskiego
  7. August Eduard Preuß: Preußische Landes- und Volkskunde. Königsberg 1835, p. 436, no. 43.
  8. ^ Michael Rademacher: Deutsche Verwaltungsgeschichte Provinz Westpreußen, Kreis Löbau/Neumark (2006).
  9. Der Gro0e Brockhaus, 15th edition, Vol. 13, Leipzig 1932, p. 313.

External links

53°25′N 19°36′E / 53.417°N 19.600°E / 53.417; 19.600


Gminas of Nowe Miasto County
Seat
Rural gminas
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