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==Notable people== ==Notable people==

===Scientists===
*]- Former Director of ] and recipent of ].

===Entertainment===

*]- The Father of Malayalam Film Industry.
*]- Tamil film comedian and drama artist of yester-years.
*]- Malayalam Film Actor.
*](VTV Ganesh)- Tamil Comedian and Actor.
*]- Malayalam Film Actress.
*]- Malayalam Film Actress.
*] - Malayalam actor.
*]- Film Director (Siva Manasula Sakthi, Boss engra Baskaran, Ok Ok...).

===Politicians===
*], Former ] Member.
*], Former ] Member.
*], Former ] Member.
*], High strategic committee ] Member.
*], Former ] Member.

===Government Officials===

====Indian Police Service====

*] (])- Former Director of ], ] (Greater Chennai) & First Indian Vice-President of "]"
*](])- Former ] & Life-Time Member of ].

====Chief of Naval Staff====

*] -12th ].
*] - 18th ].

====Governor====

*]- ex-Governor of ].

===Poets===
*]-poet who scripted ].
*]-Former CEO of ] and ] Faculty.
*] (Tamil poet, writer and scholar)
*] (Tamil poet, scholar and Freedom fighter)
*], socialist.
*]- Indian Lingustic Scholar.
*] (founder of "]" - a Tamil daily)
*], literary writer.
*], 1994 ].
*], 2007 ].<ref></ref> *], 2007 ].<ref></ref>
*], 2010 ].<ref></ref> *], 2010 ].<ref></ref>

===Religion===
*], present ] of ] and a leader of the Ayyavazhi.

===Educationalists===
* Dr. ], Director of School Education Tamil Nadu, UNESCO Adviser Afghanistan

===Other===
*] - ornithologist and naturalist<ref>{{cite web |title=J.C. Daniel: Naturalist extraordinaire |url=http://www.sanctuaryasia.com/interviews/jcdaniel.php |publisher = ] |date=April 2000 |accessdate=27 April 2013 |archiveurl=http://web.archive.org/web/20080517112223/http://www.sanctuaryasia.com/interviews/jcdaniel.php |archivedate=17 May 2008}}</ref> *] - ornithologist and naturalist<ref>{{cite web |title=J.C. Daniel: Naturalist extraordinaire |url=http://www.sanctuaryasia.com/interviews/jcdaniel.php |publisher = ] |date=April 2000 |accessdate=27 April 2013 |archiveurl=http://web.archive.org/web/20080517112223/http://www.sanctuaryasia.com/interviews/jcdaniel.php |archivedate=17 May 2008}}</ref>



Revision as of 16:14, 12 June 2013

Municipality in Tamil Nadu, India
Nagercoil நாகர்கோவில்Nagercoil
Municipality
Nagercoil is Hill locked by the Western GhatsNagercoil is Hill locked by the Western Ghats
CountryIndia
StateTamil Nadu
DistrictKanyakumari
Area
 • Total49.37 km (19.06 sq mi)
Elevation40 m (130 ft)
Population
 • Total224,329
 • Density9,813/km (25,420/sq mi)
Languages
 • OfficialTamil
Time zoneUTC+5:30 (IST)
PIN629 xxx
Telephone code91-4652
Vehicle registrationTN-74 & TN-75
Literacy100%
Websitemunicipality.tn.gov.in/nagarcoil/

Nagercoil is the 11th largest city in the southernmost Indian state of Tamil Nadu and a municipality and administrative headquarters of Kanyakumari District. The town is situated close to the tip of the Indian peninsula, locked with the Western Ghats on all sides and is the southernmost town on the Indian mainland. The town was a part of the erstwhile Travancore state, or later Travancore-Cochin state, till almost a decade after the Indian independence in 1947. In 1956, the city and the District were merged with Tamil Nadu. In its earlier days, the town and its surroundings were known as Nanjilnadu. It also serves as the Headquarters for Liquid Propulsion Systems Centre, an Space research arm of The Government of India. The public sector Indian Rare Earths Limited (IREL) also has its largest facility at Manavaalakurichy, near the town, which pioneers in the mining, processing and production of Thorium.

History

Nagercoil derives its name from the famous old Nagaraja Temple (temple of the serpent king) which is in the central part of town. It has been an important temple for Hindus for centuries as well as a tourist attraction. According to certain accounts, it may once have been a Jain temple, as icons of the Jain TirthankarasMahavira and Parsvanatha — are found on the pillars of the temple. Nagercoil came under the rule of various kingdoms, notably the Chera, Chola and Pandya kingdoms, Historical records reveal that these kingdoms fought over the control of the fertile area of Nanjilnadu and Kottar, a town mentioned in old Tamil writings and maps of ancient India. Archaeological records also show Jain influences in ancient times. The modern history of the town is interwoven with the history of Travancore state. The modern town of Nagercoil grew around Kottar, now a locality in the municipal limits. The town came to prominence during and after the reign of Maharaja Marthanda Varma, the king of Travancore, the capital of which was Padmanabhapuram, about 20 km to the north of Nagercoil. The capital was later shifted to Trivandrum, now Thiruvananthapuram, the capital of Kerala state, about 65 km to the north of Nagercoil. In the erstwhile princely state of Travancore, Nagercoil was the second most important town after the capital Trivandrum. Maharaja Marthanda Varma's successors continued the land, revenue and social reforms he instituted. Although Travancore was considered by many to be a "Hindu" administration, the rulers generally showed religious tolerance and were not hostile to European educators, missionaries and traders. Until the 19th century, the coffers of Travancore were greatly helped by revenues from the trade of pepper and other spices, with the European powers. Irrigation systems (an excellent system is still found around Nagercoil), dams, roads, schools etc. developed under the administration of the Travancore royals and their Dewans. The British in India considered Travancore a "model native state". At the time, Travancore was the most socially developed, and one of the most economically developed states under the British Raj. During the British Raj, Travancore was essentially a vassal-state to the British, but the British never interfered in the general administration of the state.

At the time of India's independence from Britain, the Dewan of Travancore, Sir C.P. Ramaswamy Aiyer, preferred Travancore to be a sovereign country, but he eventually gave up after a tough stand by Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel, India's federal minister in charge of home affairs, who wanted the princely state annexed to India. After a political fight in the 1950s led by A. Nesamony, sometimes known as Marshal Nesamony, the Government of Travancore-Cochin gave part of South Travancore (present day Kanyakumari District) to Tamil Nadu, because a majority of the population spoke Tamil in the district. This was enacted in the Indian States Reorganisation Act of 1956.

Climate

Nagercoil with its Scenic Beauty is cradeled between the Western Ghats

Nagercoil has a pleasant, though humid, climate for a major part of the year. The maximum temperature during the summer hovers around 86 °F or 30 °C with moderate humidity at times. Nagercoil is the only Indian Town to receive both the north-east monsoon and the south-west monsoon. It rains more often in Kanyakumari district than in any other part of Tamil Nadu, with the exception of the Nilgiris. Due to geographical conditions, the southern tip of Kanyakumari is generally 3 °C to 4 °C hotter than Nagercoil during the daytime, though Kanyakumari is only 20 km away.

Climate data for Kanyakumari
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) 25
(77)
29
(84)
29
(84)
31
(88)
32
(90)
27
(81)
27
(81)
26
(79)
28
(82)
26
(79)
25
(77)
22
(72)
27
(81)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) 18
(64)
21
(70)
22
(72)
24
(75)
26
(79)
21
(70)
22
(72)
21
(70)
21
(70)
22
(72)
19
(66)
16
(61)
21
(70)
Average rainfall mm (inches) 103.70
(4.08)
128.60
(5.06)
189.80
(7.47)
274.70
(10.81)
307.53
(12.11)
541.79
(21.33)
557.77
(21.96)
498.01
(19.61)
389.00
(15.31)
556.38
(21.90)
593.62
(23.37)
507.96
(20.00)
4,648.86
(183.01)
Source: Climate-data.org,

Demographics

As of 2011 India census, Nagercoil had a population of 224,329 of which 110,132 are Males and 114,197 are females. Nagercoil has an average literacy rate of 100%. In Nagercoil, 8.5% of the population is between the age group of 0 – 6 years. Though the official population count (for the municipal area) is close to 2.25 lakhs, a significant population lives outside the municipal limits, in the suburbs.Tamil is the most spoken language. English is also widely understood and spoken in the city.

The greatest concentration of the population of the town and the District is along the coastal belt, on the eastern side, while the largely forested areas on the western side of the district (along the Western Ghats) are sparsely populated.

Culture and religion

Tamil is official language in Kanyakumari. Tamil and Malayalam are spoken by the people. Tamil language along with English is used as a medium of teaching in all major schools. The Tamil spoken here is a mix of Malayalam and Tamil, sometimes unintelligible to the people of North Tamil Nadu. The culture is a mixture of Tamil and Malayalam culture and traditions. Hinduism, Christianity and Islam are the major religions in the town and district.

Traditional Cuisine

It is home to the famous Nanjilnadu cuisine, which is one of the two famous Tamil cuisines, the other being the Chettinad Cuisine. This cuisine is known for its unique appetizing, savory and delicious Spiced Local Touch. These food traditions are believe to have been passed on through the Chera, Chola and Pandya kings, which was found in literary works like Bhojana Kudhoogalam (Ecstasy of Food), Baga Saastram (Art of Cooking), Tamizhar Uravu (Tamil Kinship), and Marattiar Seppedugal (Maratta Copper Plate Inscriptions). The Nanjinadu seafood cuisine is also having its unique flavour followed widely in the states of Tamil nadu and Kerala. Food prepared here is also a mix of Kerala/Tamil Nadu traditions. Puttu, Appam, Idiappam are popular food items and so are rice murukku, and achu-murukku. Curries here are made with coconut and coconut oil which is now considered Nanjil or Nagercoil style cooking. The modernisation and sophistication that has crept into the present lifestyle has not erased out most of the traditional food culture of the city. But an unique feature is that some traditional rare dishes are becoming endangered or are going extinct, due to the negligance of learning by the future generation. It enjoys a blend of Tamil and Keralite cuisine. Rice is the staple food. Fish is popular and forms a part of everyday meal for many. People generally prefer marine fish to fresh water fish.

The food is generally spicy with coconut an important ingredient in almost all side dishes and curry, very much like that of neighbouring Kerala. Seafood is popular among the people, though there are also many vegetarians in and around the town. Banana & Jack fruit plays a main role in the town's Sweet/sour recipes. Its been told that the word Jack actually derived from Tamil name of the fruit சக்கை/பலாப்பழம். Banana Chips (நேந்திரம் பழம்/ஏத்தன் பழம்-a special variety specially produced for making chips) a snack. Upperi (உப்பேரி) is made by dipping the banana in palm sugar locally known as சர்க்கரை/பனைவெல்லம். Nenthrambazha Bajji, a snack made out of banana is famous here.

Festival

Some of the widely celebrated festivals here are Pongal,which is celebrated for three days, Onam is another Festival widely celebrated among the Malayalam speaking population by drawing the `atha poo' (flower decoration) in the floor, Suchindrum "Ther Festival", Ayya Vaikunda Avataram, Deepavali, Easter, Christmas, New Year, St. Francis Xavier's feast, Bhagavathy Amman Temple festival, Ramzan (Eid ul fitr) and Bakrid (Eid ul alha).

Influence of European missionaries

The foundation of several educational institutions by English, German and other Western Christian missionaries in the 19th century and the development of social infrastructure by the Travancore administration raised the social status and literacy of the people, ahead of many other urban centres in Southern India. Today, streets, schools and colleges in the town are named after these European missionaries ; many of these missionaries were also noted educationists and scholars.

One of Jesus disciples- Thomas the Apostle is believed to have come during 52Anno Domini and built India's first church. The European missionaries converted a section of the people to Protestant Christianity. Roman Catholicism had been introduced earlier by St. Francis Xavier in the 16th century and later by other Jesuits. ]

St. Francis Xavier, the Roman Catholic missionary, made Kottar locality in the town his principal residence for two years in the 16th century, while preaching around the town and in neighbouring Tirunelveli district.

Of the Protestant missionaries, the services of two European missionaries are particularly notable. One is C. Mead, who after arriving in 1817 in Nagercoil, as a missionary of the London Missionary Society (LMS), made immense contributions to the cause of education in the town and in Travancore. In 1818, he founded the Nagercoil Seminary, which became one of the first regular institutes to impart English education in Travancore state and also in Southern India. In 1855, in recognition of his contributions to the cause of education, the Travancore Government appointed him Superintendent of Schools, and while in this office he encouraged women's education in Nagercoil and in the state of Travancore. He started the Nagercoil Mission Press, the first printing press in the state of Travancore. Mead fought to abolish forms of indentured labour rampant at that time.

The other great missionary was William Tobias Ringeltaube, a native of the then Prussia (present Germany), who established schools and worked among the poor and downtrodden around the town. He started one of the first regular schools in Travancore at Mylaudy, near Nagercoil which is still active.

Like the London Missionary Society (LMS), another organisation that rendered valuable services to the cause of education and upliftment of the socially downtrodden has been the Church Missionary Society (CMS). Both these societies still have a presence in Nagercoil (nearly two centuries after inception).

Home church is one of the important places for worship. This was built by Thurivankur King.

The Salvation Army is known in the town for their medical services in and around the town. Their Catherine Booth Hospital in the Vadasery locality of the town was established in the 19th century and is still active.

Environmental Degradation

Due to Extensive rock blasting in the scenic and hilly regions of Western Ghat,it has lead to serious environmental changes over the past 5 to 10 years. Moreover the dust particles from these rock blasts have increased the number of Cancer patients over the last five years to 34,000, making it the largest Cancer prone people in the state and Country. The Rock Sediments from these blasting has left close to 550 Lakes, Ponds and Estuaries dry, creating an unprecedented Climate change and Causing severe Water shortage in and across Kanyakumari district. The District inspite of being the southernmost region of Western Ghats has not been protected, though they are Declared UNESCO World Heritage Site and are one of the few three last rainforest in the world, the other being Amazon Rainforest and Congolian forests

As per the Western Ghats Ecology Experts Panel (WGEEP) report, all the stone quarries in the district were located in the Western Ghats and were plundering the Ghats destroying its ecology and its Significance of it being the last three Rainforest in the World. The know fact to the Indian government is that the Nagercoil region of the Western Ghat is having the second largest Diversity of plants in India after the Great Himalayan National Park.

Rapid and extensive Deforestation has taken an toll in the rainfall of the district and its surrounding Ecology. The forest coverage which was 40% of the district land with maximum rainfall of 6,000mm in 1965 has reduced to 17% with rapid decline in rainfall to 2,000mm in a short span of 45 years.

The district which was once known to been called as the "Granary of Travancore" is losing its importance and its meaning due to conversion of Wetlands and Agricultural Lands to housing plots and Real Estate Business, which is the largest direct climatic change to the descending of monsoon rain season. Moreover, irrigation sources such as tanks, ponds and other water bodies have also been converted into bus stands, playgrounds, marble godowns. Due to this drastic fall in cultivable land and food shortage fall a cross-section of people in the district want the government to amend an act related to agriculture on the lines of Kerala Conservation and Paddy Land and Wetland Act, 2008, so as to protect paddy fields in Kanyakumari district.

Economy

The Indian Space Research Organisation- ISRO has its largest hub of testing facility for Cryogenic and Liquid Propulsion Systems Centre, an Space research arm of The Government of India engines at the Mahendragiri hills (on the Western Ghats) off Nagercoil, which serves as the Indian Headquarters of this Space Research Arm. Rocket scientists and engineers from all over India and few from United States, France and Germany work at this facility, called the Liquid Propulsion Systems Centre (LPSC), Mahendragiri.

The town is a centre for the Koodankulam Nuclear Power Plant reactors, being built with Russian assistance, which is situated in Tirunelveli district of Tamil Nadu, but is the closest major town to the facility. The public sector Indian Rare Earths Limited (IRE) has a facility at Manavaalakurichy, near the town.

Nagercoil is the headquarters of the state owned Arasu Rubber Corporation and the regional office of the Central Rubber Board.

Aralvaimozhi, a once-impoverished village, benefited from the building of the nearby Muppandal wind farm a renewable energy source, supplying the villagers with electricity for work. The surrounding area is a major centre for windmill renewable-energy production, and one of the biggest centres in South Asia, both in terms of electricity generated and size of windmills, with thousands of wind-mill electricity generators on tall towers dotting the area. The total power generated from these wind mills is 540 MW with each windmill generating a power output of 1.65 MW. The wind mills are erected and technically supported by multinational majors in the field of renewable energy like Vestas, Suzlon, and Micon. The Muppandal Wind Farm is situated on a mountain gap (pass) in the Western Ghats, through which the wind gushes for a major part of the year.

Fish-net manufacturing is a growing business in and around the town; nets for commercial fishing are supplied to the domestic and export markets.

Information technology

There are many software, research and development companies in Nagercoil. RedEgg InfoExpert Technologies is now part of Thomson Reuters set up an office with a strength of around 325 employees. The Nagercoil office has been outsourcing their product's to North America. In 2010 Hinduja Global Solution setup their third largest development center in India after, Bangalore and Chennai.

Cottage industry

Cottage industries include coir-making, floral trade, handloom-weaving, rubber products, food-processing units, and lace-making (export-oriented).

Being the major Tamil Nadu town closest to the Kerala capital, Thiruvananthapuram (65 km away and the closest international airport to Nagercoil), trading and sending supplies to Kerala and Thiruvananthapuram is a major activity for the bustling markets at Vadasery and Kottar - availability and many items being cheaper in Tamil Nadu than in Kerala adds to the thriving business.

Supply of marine and agricultural produce to the overseas export-markets are also important economic activities, though primarily done through exporters or agents in Kerala. Remittances to Nagercoil from overseas, from Non-Resident Indians (NRIs) hailing from the town, is a major contributor to the local economy.

Sports

Nagercoil is having the distinction of housing one of the two Sports Authority of India Centers in the state, the other being in Chennai. There are plans to make the city hub for sports in South india by merging the Thiruvananthapuram and Kochi Center with Headquarters in Nagercoil.

Politics

Marshal Nesamony, one of the leading lawyers of the Nagercoil Bar, was elected as the Chairman of the Nagercoil Municipal Council in 1943. He enlarged the town boundary, improved water supply system for the town, established a home for the destitutes and increased the income of the Nagercoil Municipality. In the same year, he was elected to the Travancore State Assembly and was also nominated to the Senate of the then Travancore University (today's Kerala University). Later on K. Kamaraj, the former chief minister of Tamil Nadu, won from Kanyakumari constituency without even canvassing. This happens to be the strongest support base for the Indian National Congress in South India and is Nicknamed "The Fort of Congress". The Nagercoil (Lok Sabha constituency) is perhaps the only Constituency in Tamil nadu to not have elected an Dravidian parties in the states History.

Education

The district is having the highest literacy rate in India (100%). Some schools and colleges in Nagercoil are more than 150 years old, like the Scott Christian College, Carmel High School (Nagercoil), built by British missionaries. European missionaries, in the 19th century and early 20th century played a major role in imparting education to the people of the town and district.

One of the oldest regular schools in South India, Sethu Lakshmi Bai Higher Secondary School, is situated in the heart of town. It was established under the supervision of the Travancore administrators and named after a Sethu Lakshmi Bayi, the Queen of Travancore between 1924 to 1931. Another school which was named after a Travancore ruler is Sri Moolam Thirunal Rama Varma Higher Secondary School.

Educational institutions include privately funded engineering colleges, the state-run Kanyakumari Government Medical College (at Asaripallam near Nagercoil), and many polytechnic colleges and arts and science colleges. As in neighbouring Kerala, women's education and career-development are given importance.

In the Christian theological side, the Concordia Theological Seminary established in 1924 caters to the training of Pastors of the India Evangelical Lutheran Church. A CBSE schools in Nagercoil is the Adarsh Vidya Kendra which is situated at Vetturnimadam, 3 km from Nagercoil.

Places of interest

Suchindrum Temple
  • The Nagaraja Temple, (which gives Nagercoil its name) and the Thanumalayan Temple, at Suchindrum, about 6 km from the heart of the town, are Hindu shrines for pilgrims from all over South India. The Nagaraja Temple has Nagaraja, the King of Snakes, as its principal deity, to whom milk is offered by the devout. The Suchindram Temple is unique amongst Hindu temples in that it unites the worship of the Trinity of Hinduism - Shiva (Sthanu), Vishnu (Perumal or Mal) and Brahma (Aiyan) - in the presiding deity, Thanumalayan. The tradition of the temple is that the King of the Devas, Indra, worships at the temple each night.
  • Krishnancoil, situated on the way to Trivandrum at NH-47 is named after the temple where the presiding deity is Lord Kishna in his childhood avatar. This temple is 1.5 km from the heart of Nagercoil town.
  • St. Francis Xavier's Church, in the Kottar locality of the town, which was built in 1600, is important due to the visit and stay of St. Francis Xavier. The church was built on land allotted to St. Xavier by the Venad king.
  • Fresh water supply to the town is from the Mukkadal Reservoir, about 8 km from the town - itself a scenic place, with an island in the middle of the reservoir. The reservoir is surrounded by hills of the Western Ghats.

The hilly, undulating terrain in Kanyakumari District is Mostley forest land and the remaining is covered by rubber and other plantation plants. Elephants are common in this area.

Thirparappu Falls
File:Mathur Aqueduct.jpg
Mathur Aqueduct (Thotti Palam)

Notable people

References

  1. "Successful ignition of indigenous cryogenic engine"
  2. "Indian Rare Earth Ltd., a pioneer in titanium products"
  3. "Nagaraja Kovil Tamilnadu". Tamilnadu.com. 31 October 2012.
  4. Nagercoil history
  5. . Climate-data.org http://en.climate-data.org/location/23976/. {{cite web}}: Missing or empty |title= (help)
  6. Template:GR
  7. "Time to ensure scientific disposal of garbage"
  8. " Kanyakumari District achieves cent per cent literacy"
  9. "Food from Nanjil Nadu"
  10. "All Spiced Up"
  11. "Taste some cuisine from Kongunadu"
  12. "How to make...Keluthi Meen Kozhambu"
  13. "A taste of rich food culture"
  14. "Where are the steamed rice recipes?"
  15. "Sea food festival begins"
  16. " Pongal festival celebrated"
  17. "Crowds on beach"
  18. "Onam - day of flowers, feast, fun and frolic"
  19. "Onam festivities begin in Kanyakumari"
  20. ^ "Churches tell historical tales"
  21. "The church that St. Thomas built"
  22. "Stone quarries plunder western ghats"
  23. "Call to stop rock blasting at once"
  24. "Government urged to regulate rock quarries in Kanyakumari district"
  25. "Western Ghats makes it to World Heritage List"
  26. "39 sites in Western Ghats get world heritage status"
  27. "Stone quarries plundering India's last diversified western ghat region- Kanyakumari"
  28. "Encroachments deplored"
  29. "Travancore's granary is now a barren landscape"
  30. "Paddy fields disappearing from Kanyakumari scene"
  31. "Test-firing of GSLV core stage halted at 150 seconds"
  32. "ISRO’s most powerful rocket motor successfully tested"
  33. "Indian Rare Earth Ltd., a pioneer in titanium products"
  34. "Tapping the Wind - India". 2005. Retrieved 2006-10-28. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)
  35. Watts, Himangshu (2003). "Clean Energy Brings Windfall to Indian Village". Reuters News Service. Retrieved 2006-10-28. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)
  36. "Fishermen thirst for scientific solutions"
  37. Thomson Reuters Comes to Nagercoil
  38. "Hinduja Global Solution Launches Center in Nagercoil"
  39. "Sports Authority of India sub-centre coming up near Nagercoil"
  40. "Regional Centres"
  41. "City may lose SAI sub-centre to Nagercoil"
  42. Joy Gnanadason,`A Forgotten History`,1994, Gurukul L.T. College and Research Institute, Chennai. Page:151.
  43. "Kamaraj birth anniversary"
  44. "Sangh power BJP's southern comfort"
  45. "Chidambaram distributes welfare aid in Nagercoil"
  46. "Will BJP make history by winning Nagercoil?"
  47. "Dravidians don't wind up in Nagercoil"
  48. "Kanyakumari to be cent per cent literate"
  49. "Passing the literary torch"
  50. "Sahitya Akademi award for Nanjil Nadan"
  51. "J.C. Daniel: Naturalist extraordinaire". Sanctuary Asia. April 2000. Archived from the original on 17 May 2008. Retrieved 27 April 2013.

External links

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