| Revision as of 22:29, 31 May 2006 editEdgar181 (talk | contribs)Extended confirmed users196,325 edits Revert to revision 53019849 using popups← Previous edit | Revision as of 22:46, 31 May 2006 edit undoEdgar181 (talk | contribs)Extended confirmed users196,325 edits cleanupNext edit → | ||
| Line 5: | Line 5: | ||
| {| id="bioChemInfoBox" align="right" border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="3" style="margin: 0 0 0 0.5em; background: #fff; border-collapse: collapse; border-color: #bb8;" | {| id="bioChemInfoBox" align="right" border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="3" style="margin: 0 0 0 0.5em; background: #fff; border-collapse: collapse; border-color: #bb8;" | ||
| ! {{chembox header}}| '''{{PAGENAME}}''' |
! {{chembox header}}| '''{{PAGENAME}}''' | ||
| ⚫ | |- | ||
| ⚫ | | align="center" colspan="2" | ] | ||
| |- | |- | ||
| | ] | | ] | ||
| | {{PAGENAME}} |
| {{PAGENAME}} | ||
| |- | |- | ||
| | ] | | ] | ||
| Line 17: | Line 19: | ||
| |- | |- | ||
| | ] | | ] | ||
| | 95°C | | 95 °C | ||
| |- | |- | ||
| | ] | | ] | ||
| | |
| 295 °C | ||
| |- | |- | ||
| | ] | | ] | ||
| | |
| ? g/cm<sup>3</sup> | ||
| |- | |- | ||
| | ] | | ] | ||
| | 50-70-4 | | | ||
| |- | |- | ||
| | ] | | ] | ||
| | OCC(O)C(O)C(O)C(O)CO | | OCC(O)C(O)C(O)C(O)CO | ||
| ⚫ | |- | ||
| ⚫ | | align="center" colspan="2" | ] | ||
| |- | |- | ||
| | {{chembox header}} | <small>]</small> | | {{chembox header}} | <small>]</small> | ||
| Line 51: | Line 51: | ||
| Sorbitol is identified as a potential key chemical intermediate <ref>''Production of Liquid Hydrocarbons from Biomass '' Jürgen O. Metzger ] Volume 45, Issue 5 , Pages 696 - 698 '''2005''' </ref> from ] resources. Complete reduction of sorbitol opens the way to ]s such as ] which can be used as a ]. Sorbitol itself provides much of the hydrogen required for the transformation. | Sorbitol is identified as a potential key chemical intermediate <ref>''Production of Liquid Hydrocarbons from Biomass '' Jürgen O. Metzger ] Volume 45, Issue 5 , Pages 696 - 698 '''2005''' </ref> from ] resources. Complete reduction of sorbitol opens the way to ]s such as ] which can be used as a ]. Sorbitol itself provides much of the hydrogen required for the transformation. | ||
| : |
:19 C<sub>6</sub>O<sub>6</sub>H<sub>14</sub> → 13 C<sub>6</sub>H<sub>14</sub> + 36 CO<sub>2</sub> + 42 H<sub>2</sub>O | ||
| The above ] is ] and 1.5 ] of sorbitol generates 1 mole of hexane. When hydrogen is co-fed no ] production takes place. The advantage of hexane as a biofuel over well established other biofuels such as ] is that hexane easily separates from water. In fact, the energy required to distill ethanol from water in the bio-ethanol production process eliminates much of the energy advantages. | The above ] is ] and 1.5 ] of sorbitol generates 1 mole of hexane. When hydrogen is co-fed no ] production takes place. The advantage of hexane as a biofuel over well established other biofuels such as ] is that hexane easily separates from water. In fact, the energy required to distill ethanol from water in the bio-ethanol production process eliminates much of the energy advantages. | ||
| Line 68: | Line 68: | ||
| ] | ] | ||
| ] | ] | ||
| Used in Eclipse Gum, Orbit | |||
| ë | |||
| ] | ] | ||
Revision as of 22:46, 31 May 2006
| Sorbitol | |
|---|---|
| |
| Chemical name | Sorbitol |
| Chemical formula | Template:Carbon6Template:Hydrogen14Template:Oxygen6 |
| Molecular mass | 182.17 g/mol |
| Melting point | 95 °C |
| Boiling point | 295 °C |
| Density | ? g/cm |
| CAS number | |
| SMILES | OCC(O)C(O)C(O)C(O)CO |
| Disclaimer and references | |
Sorbitol, also known as glucitol, is a sugar alcohol the body metabolises slowly. It is obtained by hydrogenation of glucose taking the aldehyde group to an additional hydroxyl group hence the name sugar alcohol.
Sorbitol is an artificial sweetener often used in diet foods (including diet drinks). It is called a nutritive sweetener because it provides 2.6 calories (11 kilojoules) per gram versus the 4 calories (17 kJ) of sugar and starch. Sorbitol also occurs naturally in many stone fruits.
Sorbitol is produced naturally by the body, yet sorbitol is poorly digested by the body. Too much sorbitol in cells can cause damage.
Diabetic retinopathy and neuropathy may be related to excess sorbitol in the cells of the eyes and nerves. The source of this sorbitol in diabetics is excess glucose, which goes through the polyol pathway. Ingesting large amounts of sorbitol can lead to some abdominal pain, gas, and mild to severe diarrhea. Sorbitol can also aggravate irritable bowel syndrome and fructose malabsorption.
Sorbitol is often used in modern cosmetics as a humectant and thickener. Some transparent gels can only be made with sorbitol as it has a refractive index sufficiently high for transparent formulations. It is also used as a humectant in some cigarettes.
Sorbitol is used as a cryoprotectant additive (mixed with sucrose and sodium polyphosphates) in the manufacture of surimi, a highly refined, uncooked fish paste most commonly produced from Alaska (or walleye) pollock (Theragra chalcogramma).
Sorbitol is identified as a potential key chemical intermediate from biomass resources. Complete reduction of sorbitol opens the way to alkanes such as hexane which can be used as a biofuel. Sorbitol itself provides much of the hydrogen required for the transformation.
- 19 C6O6H14 → 13 C6H14 + 36 CO2 + 42 H2O
The above chemical reaction is exothermic and 1.5 mole of sorbitol generates 1 mole of hexane. When hydrogen is co-fed no carbon dioxide production takes place. The advantage of hexane as a biofuel over well established other biofuels such as ethanol is that hexane easily separates from water. In fact, the energy required to distill ethanol from water in the bio-ethanol production process eliminates much of the energy advantages.
See also
External links
- NIH Diabetes dictionary — see entry on sorbitol
References
- Production of Liquid Hydrocarbons from Biomass Jürgen O. Metzger Angewandte Chemie International Edition Volume 45, Issue 5 , Pages 696 - 698 2005 Abstract