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| ==River course== | ==River course== | ||
| Rokel rises in the {{convert|900|m}} high interior plateau of the ], in the Guinea Highlands of north central Leone, flows southwest about {{convert|240|mi}} through hill ranges and, together with a smaller, parallel stream called ], feeds into the Rokel ] before entering the ].<ref name="Bird2010">{{cite book|last=Bird|first=Eric|title=Encyclopedia of the World's Coastal Landforms|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=Mfo5TPb7SDsC&pg=PA933|date=8 April 2010|publisher=Springer|isbn=978-1-4020-8638-0|pages=933–}}</ref><ref name=River>{{Cite web|url=http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/506982/Rokel-River|title=Rokel River|accessdate=3 July 2013|publisher=Encyclopedia Brittanica}}</ref> The estuary |
The Rokel rises in the {{convert|900|m}} high interior plateau of the ], in the Guinea Highlands of north central Leone, flows southwest about {{convert|240|mi}} through hill ranges and, together with a smaller, parallel stream called ], feeds into the Rokel ] before entering the ].<ref name="Bird2010">{{cite book|last=Bird|first=Eric|title=Encyclopedia of the World's Coastal Landforms|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=Mfo5TPb7SDsC&pg=PA933|date=8 April 2010|publisher=Springer|isbn=978-1-4020-8638-0|pages=933–}}</ref><ref name=River>{{Cite web|url=http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/506982/Rokel-River|title=Rokel River|accessdate=3 July 2013|publisher=Encyclopedia Brittanica}}</ref> The estuary, also called the ], is {{convert|25| miles|abbr=on}} in length and has a width varying from 4 to 10 miles. ] and ] are the two ports located on the shores of the estuary.<ref name=Brit>{{Cite web|url=http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/543405/Sierra-Leone-River|title=Sierra Leone River| accessdate=3 July 2013|publisher=Encyclopedia Brittanica}}</ref> As the estuary widens and joins the Atlantic its width is about 11km. The southern shore is the deepest and forms natural harbour, which is reported to be the third largest in the world.<ref name=Ramsar>{{Cite web|url=http://sites.wetlands.org/reports/ris/1SL001en_part1.pdf|format=pdf|title= Sierra Leone Estuary :Proposed Ramsar Site|accessdate=3 July 2013|publisher=Wetland Organization}}</ref> | ||
| Mangrove swamps and the mud flats are the dominant ecosystem (accounting for 19% of the mangrove forest in the country)<ref name=Ramsar/> noted around the river's ].<ref name="Bird2010"/> The river basin measures {{convert|10622|km2}} in size, with the drainage divided by the Gbengbe and Kabala hills and the Sula Mountains. The Rokel drops {{convert|15|m}} at the Bumbuna waterfalls.<ref name="BrebbiaPopov2013">{{cite book|last1=Brebbia|first1=C. A.|last2=Popov|first2=V.|title=Food and Environment II: The Quest for a Sustainable Future|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=LsGsLmjUU2EC&pg=PA45|date=1 April 2013|publisher=WIT Press|isbn=978-1-84564-703-2|pages=45–}}</ref> Mangrove species recorded are ], ], ], and ], which cover an area of 34.23ha.<ref name=Ramsar/> Sierra Leone's capital city of ] lies at the entrance to the Sierra Leone River, about {{convert|25|mi}} downstream from the mouth of the Rokel and Port at Pepel. | Mangrove swamps and the mud flats are the dominant ecosystem (accounting for 19% of the mangrove forest in the country)<ref name=Ramsar/> noted around the river's ].<ref name="Bird2010"/> The river basin measures {{convert|10622|km2}} in size, with the drainage divided by the Gbengbe and Kabala hills and the Sula Mountains. The Rokel drops {{convert|15|m}} at the Bumbuna waterfalls.<ref name="BrebbiaPopov2013">{{cite book|last1=Brebbia|first1=C. A.|last2=Popov|first2=V.|title=Food and Environment II: The Quest for a Sustainable Future|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=LsGsLmjUU2EC&pg=PA45|date=1 April 2013|publisher=WIT Press|isbn=978-1-84564-703-2|pages=45–}}</ref> Mangrove species recorded are ], ], ], and ], which cover an area of 34.23ha.<ref name=Ramsar/> Sierra Leone's capital city of ] lies at the entrance to the Sierra Leone River, about {{convert|25|mi}} downstream from the mouth of the Rokel and Port at Pepel. | ||
Revision as of 15:22, 3 July 2013
The Rokel River (also Seli River; previously Pamoronkoh River) is the largest river in the Republic of Sierra Leone in West Africa.
River course
The Rokel rises in the 900 metres (3,000 ft) high interior plateau of the Loma Mountains, in the Guinea Highlands of north central Leone, flows southwest about 240 miles (390 km) through hill ranges and, together with a smaller, parallel stream called Port Loko Creek, feeds into the Rokel estuary before entering the Atlantic Ocean. The estuary, also called the Sierra Leone River, is 25 miles (40 km) in length and has a width varying from 4 to 10 miles. Freetown and Pepel are the two ports located on the shores of the estuary. As the estuary widens and joins the Atlantic its width is about 11km. The southern shore is the deepest and forms natural harbour, which is reported to be the third largest in the world.
Mangrove swamps and the mud flats are the dominant ecosystem (accounting for 19% of the mangrove forest in the country) noted around the river's ria. The river basin measures 10,622 square kilometres (4,101 sq mi) in size, with the drainage divided by the Gbengbe and Kabala hills and the Sula Mountains. The Rokel drops 15 metres (49 ft) at the Bumbuna waterfalls. Mangrove species recorded are Rhizophora, Avicennia, Laguncularia, and Conocarpus, which cover an area of 34.23ha. Sierra Leone's capital city of Freetown lies at the entrance to the Sierra Leone River, about 25 miles (40 km) downstream from the mouth of the Rokel and Port at Pepel.
History
The estuary which extends over an area of 2950 sqkm is proposed to be listed as a Ramsar site of wetland importance. The site is bounded by Cape Point on the Western Side of the Freetown, by the Bunce River on one of its banks, and the Targrin Point where areas of the Rokel joins at the southern end of its mouth.
Iron ore and alluvial gold mining began in the late 1920s and early 1930s, while the Bumbuna Falls hydroelectric project is underway. The Yalunka people established their capital, Falaba, near the source of the Rokel. s Sierra Leone's equivalent of the British knighthood is called "Order of the Rokel."
Flora and fauna
The flora in the estuary consists of Mangove forest. The avi fuana in the area consists of 10,000 birds of 36 species (1995 record). It is also reported that there are eight winter wader species reported to account for 1% of its world population. The eight species of palaearctic migrant waders recorded are
- Ringed Plover (Charadrius hiaticula)
- Kentish Plover (Pluvialis squatarola)
- Sanderling (Calidris alba)
- Curlew Sandpiper (Calidris ferruginea)
- Whimbrel (Numeniusphaeopus)
- Green Shank (Tringa nebularia)
- Red Shank (Tringa totanus)
- Western Reef Heron (Egrette gularis)
References
- ^ Bird, Eric (8 April 2010). Encyclopedia of the World's Coastal Landforms. Springer. pp. 933–. ISBN 978-1-4020-8638-0.
- "Rokel River". Encyclopedia Brittanica. Retrieved 3 July 2013.
- "Sierra Leone River". Encyclopedia Brittanica. Retrieved 3 July 2013.
- ^ "Sierra Leone Estuary :Proposed Ramsar Site" (pdf). Wetland Organization. Retrieved 3 July 2013.
- ^ Brebbia, C. A.; Popov, V. (1 April 2013). Food and Environment II: The Quest for a Sustainable Future. WIT Press. pp. 45–. ISBN 978-1-84564-703-2.
- Shillington, Kevin (2004). Encyclopedia of African History. CRC Press. pp. 922–. ISBN 978-1-57958-245-6.
8°33′N 12°48′W / 8.55°N 12.80°W / 8.55; -12.80
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