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⚫ {{Use dmy dates|date=July 2013}}
{{for|the village of the same name|Brodnica, Greater Poland Voivodeship}} {{for|the village of the same name|Brodnica, Greater Poland Voivodeship}}

⚫ {{Use dmy dates|date=October 2010}}
{{Infobox settlement {{Infobox settlement
| name = Brodnica | name = Brodnica
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== History == == History ==


Brodnica – the capital of the district, whose present quarter Michałowo, a settlement mentioned as early as in 1138 and then in 1240 as ], hides relics from Neolithic era. As it is confirmed in old documents Michałowo was the capital of the Masovian Castellany. The town was chosen owing to its good position on the ] (on the trade route leading from ] to ]) and a customs house between Dobrzyń and ] (mentioned in 1252). Brodnica – the capital of the district, whose present quarter Michałowo, a settlement mentioned as early as in 1138 and then in 1240 as ], hides relics from Neolithic era. As it is confirmed in old documents Michałowo was the capital of the Masovian Castellany. The town was chosen owing to its good position on the ] (on the trade route leading from ] to ]) and a customs house between Dobrzyń and ] (mentioned in 1252).


The first reference to the town of Brodnica dates from 1263. Brodnica received ] in 1298. Although the Teutonic rule ended here with the Treaty of ] 1466 (as on the entire ]), Brodnica remained in the hands of ] until 1479. A favourable location on the intersection of important routes used for transportation of different goods (wood, fish, furs, animal skin, grain, wool) accelerated the development of the town, making it an important trading centre, the status still reflected in the number of well-preserved granaries along the ]. In the Teutonic state Brodnica was the seat of the Commander: in the ] it was the capital of the ], and the former Commander's lands were then royal property. Between 1486 and 1604 the town belonged to the ], then between 1604 and 1625 to ] who was the royal sister of ], King of Poland, Lithuania, and Sweden. In later years it was the property Queen ], Chancellor ], Queen ], and Marshal ]. The first reference to the town of Brodnica dates from 1263. Brodnica received ] in 1298. Although the Teutonic rule ended here with the Treaty of ] 1466 (as on the entire ]), Brodnica remained in the hands of ] until 1479. A favourable location on the intersection of important routes used for transportation of different goods (wood, fish, furs, animal skin, grain, wool) accelerated the development of the town, making it an important trading centre, the status still reflected in the number of well-preserved granaries along the ]. In the Teutonic state Brodnica was the seat of the Commander: in the ] it was the capital of the ], and the former Commander's lands were then royal property. Between 1486 and 1604 the town belonged to the ], then between 1604 and 1625 to ] who was the royal sister of ], King of Poland, Lithuania, and Sweden. In later years it was the property Queen ], Chancellor ], Queen ], and Marshal ].


After a period of stagnation instigated by the wars of the 17th and 18th centuries, the city's fortunes improved rapidly. After a period of stagnation instigated by the wars of the 17th and 18th centuries, the city's fortunes improved rapidly.


Brodnica was incorporated into the ] in 1772, during the ], but in 1807, during the ], Brodnica became part of the ]. Between 1815–1920 Brodnica was again under a Prussian administration as part of the Prussian-led ] in 1871. Brodnica was incorporated into the ] in 1772, during the ], but in 1807, during the ], Brodnica became part of the ]. Between 1815–1920 Brodnica was again under a Prussian administration as part of the Prussian-led ] in 1871.


The 19th century saw 20 thousand Polish soldiers interned after the failure of the ] (1830–1831) and many townspeople and noblemen involved in the ] (1863). It is in Brodnica region too that Masovian insurgents sought refuge from Russian persecution after the failure of the ]. The 19th century saw 20 thousand Polish soldiers interned after the failure of the ] (1830–1831) and many townspeople and noblemen involved in the ] (1863). It is in Brodnica region too that Masovian insurgents sought refuge from Russian persecution after the failure of the ].


] ]


Between 1886 and 1910 Brodnica received railway connections with ], ], ], ] and ], which made it an important railway junction and triggered the industrial progress. In the 19th century the ] (and Brodnica in particular) was a refuge of Polish patriots who contributed greatly to social, cultural and economic life of the region, like ]. Between 1886 and 1910 Brodnica received railway connections with ], ], ], ] and ], which made it an important railway junction and triggered the industrial progress. In the 19th century the ] (and Brodnica in particular) was a refuge of Polish patriots who contributed greatly to social, cultural and economic life of the region, like ].


In 1920, after the end of World War I and the ] was established, the town of Brodnica became part of ]. In 1920, after the end of World War I and the ] was established, the town of Brodnica became part of ].
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==Sport in Brodnica== ==Sport in Brodnica==

===Football=== ===Football===


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==International relations== ==International relations==

===Twin towns — Sister cities=== ===Twin towns — Sister cities===


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] ]


* {{flagicon|Germany}} ], Germany * {{flagicon|Germany}} ]
* {{flagicon|Denmark}} ], Denmark * {{flagicon|Denmark}} ], Denmark
* {{flagicon|Lithuania}} ], ] * {{flagicon|Lithuania}} ], ]
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* {{flagicon|Croatia}} ], ] * {{flagicon|Croatia}} ], ]
* {{flagicon|Netherlands}} ], Netherlands * {{flagicon|Netherlands}} ], Netherlands
* {{flagicon|Armenia}} ], ] * {{flagicon|Armenia}} ]


{{See also|List of twin towns and sister cities in Poland}} {{See also|List of twin towns and sister cities in Poland}}
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File:Niskie Brodno panorama.jpg|''Niskie Brodno'' lake File:Niskie Brodno panorama.jpg|''Niskie Brodno'' lake
</gallery> </gallery>

==Climate== ==Climate==
Climate in this area has mild differences between highs and lows, and there is adequate rainfall year round. The ] subtype for this climate is "]". (Marine West Coast Climate).<ref></ref> Climate in this area has mild differences between highs and lows, and there is adequate rainfall year round. The ] subtype for this climate is "]". (Marine West Coast Climate).<ref></ref>

Revision as of 23:37, 4 July 2013

For the village of the same name, see Brodnica, Greater Poland Voivodeship. Place in Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship, Poland
Brodnica
Old TownOld Town
Coat of arms of BrodnicaCoat of arms
Country Poland
VoivodeshipKuyavian-Pomeranian
CountyBrodnica County
GminaBrodnica (urban gmina)
Established13th century
Town rights1298
Government
 • MayorJarosław Radacz
Area
 • Total23.15 km (8.94 sq mi)
Population
 • Total32,588
 • Density1,400/km (3,600/sq mi)
Time zoneUTC+1 (CET)
 • Summer (DST)UTC+2 (CEST)
Postal code87–300 to 87–302
Area code+48 56
Car platesCBR
Websitehttp://www.brodnica.pl

Brodnica (Template:Lang-de) is a town in northern Poland with 27,400 inhabitants as of 1995. Previously part of Toruń Voivodeship , from 1975 to 1998, Brodnica has been situated in the Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship since 1999. It is the seat of Brodnica County, and Brodnica Landscape Park, a protected area, also gets its name from Brodnica.

Geographical location

Brodnica is located in the Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship on an important route transit over the small river Drewenz, about 48 kilometers south-east of Grudziądz, 90 kilometers south-west of Olsztyn and 98 kilometers south of Elbląg.

Important dates in the history of Brodnica

Castle in Brodnica (tower)
  • 1285–1370 – the construction of the parish church (Gothic Church of St. Catherine)
  • 1298 – the foundation of the town of Brodnica
  • 1303–1466 – the Michałowo land is occupied by the Teutonic Knights
  • 1310–1330 – the construction of the city walls
  • 1312–1327 – the construction of a castle for the Teutonic Master
  • 1550 – a great fire sweeps through the town and destroys the castle
  • 1479–1818 – Michałowo, Brodnica's district at the time, is the seat of the local starost. In 1560 a court district of Michałowo comprising the Lubawa Land with Nowe Miasto Lubawskie is created
  • 1807 – Napoleon Bonaparte visits Brodnica
  • 1840 – Frederick William IV of Prussia visits Brodnica
  • 1850 – a great fire destroys the oldest part of the town
  • 18 January 1920 – General Haller's Blue Army arrives to the town
  • 15–18 August 1920 – the eastern part of the district is seized by the Red Army, (Polish–Soviet War)
  • 18 August 1920 – Battle of Brodnica: between Polish forces and the Red Army
  • 22 June 1924 – President of the Republic of Poland Stanisław Wojciechowski visits Brodnica
  • 1919–1939 – Gazeta Brodnicka (Brodnica Newspaper) is published 3 times a week in the Kazimierz Wojciechowski printing house (in 1921 renamed Gazeta Michałowska (Michałowo Newspaper)
  • 26 October 1939 – the Germans incorporate Brodnica into the Third Reich: Poles have status of slaves with no human rights
  • 23 January 1945 – the Red Army seizes Brodnica, more than 700 inhabitants of the town and neighborhood (mostly Poles) are deported to soviet camps (gulags)
  • 2 July 2010 – Marshal of the Sejm Bronisław Komorowski visits Brodnica

History

Brodnica – the capital of the district, whose present quarter Michałowo, a settlement mentioned as early as in 1138 and then in 1240 as castrum Michałowo, hides relics from Neolithic era. As it is confirmed in old documents Michałowo was the capital of the Masovian Castellany. The town was chosen owing to its good position on the Drwęca (on the trade route leading from Masovia to Prussia) and a customs house between Dobrzyń and Chełmno Land (mentioned in 1252).

The first reference to the town of Brodnica dates from 1263. Brodnica received German town law in 1298. Although the Teutonic rule ended here with the Treaty of Toruń 1466 (as on the entire Chełmno Land), Brodnica remained in the hands of Teutonic Knights until 1479. A favourable location on the intersection of important routes used for transportation of different goods (wood, fish, furs, animal skin, grain, wool) accelerated the development of the town, making it an important trading centre, the status still reflected in the number of well-preserved granaries along the Drwęca. In the Teutonic state Brodnica was the seat of the Commander: in the Polish Republic it was the capital of the district starosty, and the former Commander's lands were then royal property. Between 1486 and 1604 the town belonged to the Działyński family, then between 1604 and 1625 to Anna Vasa of Sweden who was the royal sister of Sigismund III Vasa, King of Poland, Lithuania, and Sweden. In later years it was the property Queen Cecily Renata, Chancellor Jerzy Ossoliński, Queen Maria Casimira, and Marshal Franciszek Bieliński.

After a period of stagnation instigated by the wars of the 17th and 18th centuries, the city's fortunes improved rapidly.

Brodnica was incorporated into the Kingdom of Prussia in 1772, during the First Partition of Poland, but in 1807, during the Napoleonic Wars, Brodnica became part of the Duchy of Warsaw. Between 1815–1920 Brodnica was again under a Prussian administration as part of the Prussian-led German Empire in 1871.

The 19th century saw 20 thousand Polish soldiers interned after the failure of the November Uprising (1830–1831) and many townspeople and noblemen involved in the January Uprising (1863). It is in Brodnica region too that Masovian insurgents sought refuge from Russian persecution after the failure of the January Uprising.

Railway station in Brodnica

Between 1886 and 1910 Brodnica received railway connections with Działdowo, Grudziądz, Iława, Sierpc and Jabłonowo Pomorskie, which made it an important railway junction and triggered the industrial progress. In the 19th century the Chełmno Land (and Brodnica in particular) was a refuge of Polish patriots who contributed greatly to social, cultural and economic life of the region, like Ignacy Łyskowski.

In 1920, after the end of World War I and the Treaty of Versailles was established, the town of Brodnica became part of Poland.

During World War II approximately 1,000 Polish inhabitants were murdered by the SS and the Selbstschutz, and, after the war ended, an unknown number of German inhabitants were expelled or killed by the Red Army during the expulsion of the Germans.

Number of inhabitants by year

Year Number
1772 1,283
1783 1,853
1807 2,113
1816 1,994
1826 2,669
1831 2,585
1875 5,454
1880 5,801
1890 6,122
1905 7,217
1931 8,521
2006 32,588

Note that the above table is based on primary, possibly biased, sources.

War cemetery in Brodnica

Worth attention is the cemetery established by Germans during the World War I. 15 November saw a burial of 25 German soldiers killed in the Russian offensive. In 1920 31 Polish soldiers killed during the battle of Brodnica with the Bolsheviks on 18 August were laid to rest here. In 1943 German soldiers who died in the local hospital together with those who lost their lives on 21 January 1945 during the Soviet offensive were put in the ground. A curiosity is that the Red Army soldiers who died on the same day were buried here as well. It is also a burial place for UB people notorious for waging war with Polish anti-communist partisans after 1945.

Sport in Brodnica

Football

International relations

Twin towns — Sister cities

Brodnica is twinned with:

Crests based on partnership towns
See also: List of twin towns and sister cities in Poland

Famous people who's born and lived in Brodnica and Brodnica County

Anna Vasa of Sweden

Gallery

  • Town Hall Town Hall
  • Mazurska Tower Mazurska Tower
  • Chełmińska Gate Chełmińska Gate
  • Castle in Brodnica (tower) Castle in Brodnica (tower)
  • Old Town Old Town
  • Palace of Anna Vasa Palace of Anna Vasa
  • Granary Granary
  • Gothic Church of St. Catherine Gothic Church of St. Catherine
  • Gothic Church of St. Catherine Gothic Church of St. Catherine
  • Franciscan Monastery Franciscan Monastery
  • Drwęca river Drwęca river
  • Niskie Brodno lake Niskie Brodno lake

Climate

Climate in this area has mild differences between highs and lows, and there is adequate rainfall year round. The Köppen Climate Classification subtype for this climate is "Cfb". (Marine West Coast Climate).

Climate data for Brodnica
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high °C (°F) 15.0
(59.0) 		16.6
(61.9) 		24.1
(75.4) 		30.0
(86.0) 		34.0
(93.2) 		36.2
(97.2) 		38.2
(100.8) 		37.7
(99.9) 		34.1
(93.4) 		27.3
(81.1) 		20.2
(68.4) 		16.8
(62.2) 		38.2
(100.8)
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) 2.3
(36.1) 		2.9
(37.2) 		8.3
(46.9) 		13.6
(56.5) 		19.4
(66.9) 		22.1
(71.8) 		24.6
(76.3) 		24.5
(76.1) 		19.3
(66.7) 		13.9
(57.0) 		6.7
(44.1) 		3.2
(37.8) 		13.4
(56.1)
Daily mean °C (°F) −1.2
(29.8) 		−0.7
(30.7) 		4.0
(39.2) 		9.8
(49.6) 		14.9
(58.8) 		18.2
(64.8) 		20.1
(68.2) 		19.8
(67.6) 		15.3
(59.5) 		9.9
(49.8) 		4.4
(39.9) 		0.2
(32.4) 		9.6
(49.3)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) −4.6
(23.7) 		−4.3
(24.3) 		−0.3
(31.5) 		6.0
(42.8) 		10.3
(50.5) 		14.3
(57.7) 		15.5
(59.9) 		15.1
(59.2) 		11.3
(52.3) 		5.9
(42.6) 		2.1
(35.8) 		−2.8
(27.0) 		5.7
(42.3)
Record low °C (°F) −28.5
(−19.3) 		−27.6
(−17.7) 		−21.3
(−6.3) 		−6.8
(19.8) 		−3.0
(26.6) 		1.1
(34.0) 		4.7
(40.5) 		3.0
(37.4) 		−3.8
(25.2) 		−6.9
(19.6) 		−15.2
(4.6) 		−22.4
(−8.3) 		−28.5
(−19.3)
Average precipitation mm (inches) 25
(1.0) 		23
(0.9) 		30
(1.2) 		38
(1.5) 		45
(1.8) 		62
(2.4) 		70
(2.8) 		58
(2.3) 		35
(1.4) 		39
(1.5) 		37
(1.5) 		30
(1.2) 		492
(19.4)
Average precipitation days 14 12 11 9 11 12 13 13 9 12 14 12 142
Average relative humidity (%) 81 82 75 68 63 68 70 72 74 77 80 82 74
Mean monthly sunshine hours 56 67 118 179 230 237 236 229 171 122 55 40 1,740
Source: Polish Central Statistical Office (closest city on record

See also

References

  1. Johann Friedrich Goldbeck: Volständige Topographie des Königreichs Preussen. Part II: Topographie von West-Preussen, Marienwerder 1789, pp. 42–44.
  2. Meyers Großes Konversations-Lexikon, 6th edition, Vol. 19, Leipzig and Vienna 1909, pp. 95–96.
  3. Michael Rademacher: Deutsche Verwaltungsgeschichte Provinz Westpreußen, Kreis Strasburg (2006).
  4. August Eduard Preuß: Preußische Landes- und Volkskunde. Königsberg 1835, p. 437, no. 46.
  5. Climate Summary for Poznan, Poland (nearest city on record)

External links

53°15′N 19°24′E / 53.250°N 19.400°E / 53.250; 19.400


Gminas of Brodnica County
Seat: Brodnica (urban gmina)
Urban-rural gminas Coat of arms of Brodnica County
Rural gminas
Gmina Brodnica
Villages
Seat (not part of the gmina)
Categories: