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| company_name = Tribune Company | company_name = Tribune Company
| image = | image =
| company_logo = ] | company_logo = ]
| company_type = ] | company_type = ]
| company_slogan = various | company_slogan = various
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| location = ] | location = ]
| key_people = ], President/CEO | key_people = ], President/CEO
| owner = ] (23%)<br>] (9%)<br>] (9%) | owner = ] (23%)<br>] (9%)<br>] (9%)<br><small>(corporate employees hold the remaining 48% ownership interest)</small>
| num_employees = 14,000 | num_employees = 14,000
| products = ], ]s, ] | products = ], ]s, ], ]
| revenue = {{profit}} {{US$|3.18}} billion (FY 2010) | revenue = {{profit}} {{US$|3.18}} billion (FY 2010)
| operating_income =
| net_income =
| homepage = | homepage =
}} }}
] is the headquarters of the company]]


] on ] in ] is the headquarters of the Tribune Company.]]
The '''Tribune Company''' is a large American ] ] based in ]. It is the nation's second-largest newspaper publisher, with ten daily newspapers and commuter tabloids including '']'', '']'', '']'', '']'', '']'', '']'', '']'' and '']'', among others.
The '''Tribune Company''' is an American ] ] based in ]. Although majority owned (48%) by its corporate employees, Tribune is jointly controlled by the company's three senior debt holders: ] (which owns a 23% interest), ] and ] (which both own 9%).


Through ], the company operates 23 television stations, ] on national cable, and Chicago's ]. The group's combined reach is more than 80 percent of U.S. television households. Investment interests include ] (31%). It is the nation's second-largest newspaper publisher (behind the ]), with ten daily newspapers and several commuter tabloids including the '']'', '']'', '']'', '']'' and the '']''. Through ], the company owns 23 television stations, national cable ] ], regional cable news channel ] and Chicago's ]. Investment interests include ] (which the company maintains a 31% ownership interest).


], another subsidiary, manages the interactive operations of major daily newspapers such as '']'' and '']'' and their associated websites. Its national network sites owned with partners include ], ], ] and ]. With more than 50 websites overall, Tribune Interactive ranks among the nation's leading news and information networks. The sites attract more than 20 million unique visitors per month. ], another subsidiary, manages the interactive operations of major daily newspapers such as the ''Chicago Tribune'' and ''Los Angeles Times'' and their associated websites. Its national network sites owned with partners include ], ], ] and ]. Its ] division provides syndicated content to print and electronic media. Key company investment interests include ] (30.8% owned), ] (28%) and ] (34%).

] provides syndicated content to print and electronic media.

Key company investment interests include ] (30.8% owned), ] (28%) and ] (34%).


==Early history== ==Early history==

===Print pioneer=== ===Print pioneer===
{{refimprove section|date=July 2012}} {{refimprove section|date=July 2012}}
Tribune was founded in 1847. That year, on June 10, the ''Chicago Tribune'' published its first edition in a one-room plant located at LaSalle and Lake streets. The original press run consisted of 400 copies printed on a hand press. The Tribune Company was founded in 1847; that year, on June 10, the '']'' (for which the company is named after) published its first edition in a one-room plant located at LaSalle and Lake Streets. The original press run consisted of 400 copies printed on a hand press. The ''Tribune'' constructed its first building, a four-story structure at Dearborn and Madison Streets, in 1869. In October 1871, the ] destroyed the building, along with most of the city. The ''Tribune'' printed its first edition since the disaster two days later with an editorial declaring "Chicago Shall Rise Again." The ]'s editor and part-owner, ], was elected mayor and led the city's reconstruction. A native Ohioan who first acquired an interest in the ''Tribune'' in 1855, Medill gained full control of the newspaper in 1874 and ran it until his death in 1899.

The Tribune erected its first building in 1869 with a four-story structure at Dearborn and Madison Streets. In October 1871, the ] destroyed the building, along with most of the city. The Tribune reappeared two days later with an editorial declaring "Chicago Shall Rise Again." The ]'s editor and part-owner, ], was elected mayor and led the city's reconstruction. A native Ohioan who first acquired an interest in the ''Tribune'' in 1855, Medill gained full control of the newspaper in 1874 and ran it until his death in 1899.

Medill's two grandsons, cousins ] and ], assumed leadership of the company in 1911. That same year, the Chicago Tribune's first newsprint mill opened in ]. The mill marked the beginnings of the Canadian newsprint producer later known as QUNO, in which Tribune held an investment interest until 1995.


Medill's two grandsons, cousins ] and ], assumed leadership of the company in 1911. That same year, the ''Chicago Tribune's'' first newsprint mill opened in ], ], ]. The mill marked the beginnings of the Canadian newsprint producer later known as QUNO, in which Tribune held an investment interest until 1995.
The Chicago Tribune-New York News Syndicate was formed in 1918, leading to Joseph Patterson's establishment of the company's second newspaper, the ] '']'' on June 26, 1919. Tribune's ownership of the New York ] was considered "interlocking" due to an agreement between McCormick and Patterson. In the wake of a dispute with some of its labor unions the ''Daily News'' was sold to ] businessman ] in 1991.


The Chicago Tribune-New York News Syndicate was formed in 1918, leading to Joseph Patterson's establishment of the company's second newspaper, the '']'' on June 26, 1919. Tribune's ownership of the ] ] was considered "interlocking" due to an agreement between McCormick and Patterson. In the wake of a dispute with some of its labor unions, the ''Daily News'' was sold to ] businessman ] in 1991.
In 1925, the company completed a new headquarters and one of Chicago's first "skyscrapers", the ].


In the 1960s, the company entered the fast-growing Florida market, acquiring the ]-based '']'' in 1963 and the '']'' in 1965. The '']'' of ], joined Tribune's newspaper group in 1986. In 1925, the company completed its new headquarters and one of Chicago's first "skyscrapers", the ]. In the 1960s, the company entered the fast-growing Florida market, acquiring the ]-based '']'' in 1963 and the '']'' in 1965. The '']'' in ], joined Tribune's newspaper group in 1986.


In 1973, the company began sharing stories among 25 subscribers via the newly formed ] the Knight News Wire. By 1990, this service was known as KRT and provided graphics, photo and news content to its member newspapers. When the ] purchased ] in 2006,<ref>, ''New York Times''</ref> KRT became MCT—McClatchy-Tribune Information Services. Tribune Company and ] jointly own MCT. In 1973, the company began sharing stories among 25 subscribers via the newly formed ], the Knight News Wire. By 1990, this service was known as KRT (Knight-Ridder/Tribune) and provided graphics, photo and news content to its member newspapers. When ] purchased ] in 2006,<ref>, ''New York Times''</ref> KRT became MCT (McClatchy-Tribune Information Services), which is jointly owned by the Tribune Company and McClatchy.


A merger with the ]-based ], completed in June 2000, effectively doubled the size of Tribune by adding more newspapers to the company's holdings. The ]8.3 billion transaction was the largest acquisition in newspaper industry history.<ref>{{cite news|title=Tribune called on to sell L.A. Times|url=http://money.cnn.com/2006/09/18/news/companies/latimes/index.htm|accessdate=July 20, 2012|newspaper=]|date=September 18, 2006}}</ref> The Times Mirror merger added seven daily newspapers to the Tribune group, including the '']'', '']'', '']'' and the '']''. Tribune was now the only media company with newspapers and television stations in the top three markets. Among other advantages from the merger, including various economies of scale, Tribune newspapers could now effectively compete for national advertising. Tribune Media Net, the national advertising sales organization of Tribune Publishing, was established in 2000 to take advantage of the company's expanded scale and scope. By 2002, revenues had grown to $5 billion. In June 2000, the ]-based ] merged with Tribune, effectively doubling the size of Tribune's newspaper holdings. The ]8.3 billion transaction was the largest acquisition in the history of the newspaper industry.<ref>{{cite news|title=Tribune called on to sell L.A. Times|url=http://money.cnn.com/2006/09/18/news/companies/latimes/index.htm|accessdate=July 20, 2012|newspaper=]|date=September 18, 2006}}</ref> The Times Mirror merger added seven daily newspapers to the Tribune group, including the '']'', the ]-based '']'', '']'' and the '']''. Tribune became the only media company that owned both newspapers and television stations in the three largest ] of New York City, ] and ]. Among other advantages from the merger, including various economies of scale, Tribune's newspapers could now effectively compete for national advertising. Tribune Media Net, the national advertising sales organization of ], was established in 2000 to take advantage of the company's expanded scale and scope. By 2002, revenues had grown to $5 billion.


Tribune also launched daily newspapers targeting urban commuters, including the ''Chicago Tribune'''s '']'' edition in 2002, followed by an investment in '']'' one year later. In 2006 Tribune acquired the minority equity interest in ''AM New York'', giving it full ownership in the newspaper. The company sold both ''Newsday'' and ''AM New York'' to ] in 2008. Tribune also launched daily newspapers targeting urban commuters, including the ''Chicago Tribune'''s '']'' edition in 2002, followed by an investment in '']'' one year later. In 2006, Tribune acquired the minority equity interest in ''AM New York'', giving it full ownership of the newspaper. The company sold both ''Newsday'' and ''AM New York'' to ] in 2008.


===Move into broadcasting=== ===Move into broadcasting===
{{main|Tribune Broadcasting}} {{main|Tribune Broadcasting}}
{{Unreferenced section|date=July 2012}} {{Unreferenced section|date=July 2012}}
The company entered broadcasting in 1924 by purchasing WDAP, one of Chicago's first radio stations. Tribune later changed the station's ] to ], reflecting the ''Tribune'''s slogan, "World's Greatest Newspaper." WGN radio was first to broadcast the ], the ] and the ], and introduced microphones in the courtroom during the 1925 ] in ].


Tribune moved into the television industry, then in its infancy, in 1948, with the establishments of ] in Chicago in April and ] in New York City in June of that year. These stations became the foundation for ], which today is one of the country's largest independent television station groups. In October 1978, WGN-TV became one of the first national "]s", when ]-based ] uplinked its signal via satellite to cable systems across the United States. The present-day cable version of the Chicago station, known as ], reaches approximately 60 million U.S. homes outside of the Chicago market through cable and ].
The company entered broadcasting in 1924 by purchasing WDAP, one of Chicago's first radio stations. Tribune later changed the station's ] to ], reflecting the ''Tribune'''s slogan, "World's Greatest Newspaper." WGN was first to broadcast the ], the ] and the ], and introduced microphones in the courtroom during the 1925 ] in ].


In the early 1980s, Tribune Broadcasting expanded its broadcast holdings, and moved into television production and ] through the formation of its ] subsidiary. Programs either produced or distributed by Tribune Entertainment have included '']'', '']'', '']'', and '']''. Tribune Entertainment was shut down in 2007. Tribune later announced its return to television production on March 19, 2013, with the relaunch of the production and distribution division as Tribune Studios (not to be confused with the former name of Los Angeles studio facility ], which Tribune sold in 2008).<ref>, ''Broadcasting & Cable'', March 19, 2013.</ref>
Tribune moved into the infant television industry in 1948, with the establishments of ] in Chicago and ] in New York City. These stations became the foundation for ], today one of the country's largest independent TV groups. In 1978 WGN-TV became one of the first national "]s", as its signal was linked via satellite to cable systems across the United States. The present-day cable version of the Chicago station, known as ] (formerly Superstation WGN), reaches about 60 million U.S. homes outside Chicago through cable and direct broadcast satellite.


In 1993, the company launched ] (CLTV), the Chicago area's first ] ] channel; CLTV utilizes the resources of both the ''Chicago Tribune'' and WGN-TV. Tribune is also a minority owner (holding a 30% stake) in the ], along with majority partner ].
In the early 1980s Tribune Broadcasting expanded its broadcast holdings and moved into television production and ] through its ] subsidiary. Programs either produced or distributed by Tribune Entertainment have included '']'', '']'', '']'', and '']''. Tribune Entertainment was closed in 2007.

In 1993 ] (CLTV), the Chicago area's first ] ] television channel, was launched by the company. CLTV utilizes the resources of both the ''Chicago Tribune'' and WGN-TV. Tribune is also a minority (30 percent) owner of the ], along with majority partner ].


===Later expansion=== ===Later expansion===
{{Unreferenced section|date=July 2012}} {{Refimprove section|date=July 2013}}
In 1981 Tribune acquired the ] baseball team and its stadium, ], from the ] for $20.5 million. The WGN stations in Chicago enjoyed a long relationship with the team, and the company's acquisition of the Cubs further cemented the partnership. In 1981, Tribune acquired the ] baseball team and its stadium, ], from the ] for $20.5 million. The WGN stations in Chicago had maintained a long relationship with the team, and the company's acquisition of the Cubs further cemented the partnership.


In 1983, after 136 years of private ownership, Tribune became a public company with an ] (IPO) of 7.7 million shares valued at $206 million. The opening price per share was $26.75. At the time, it was one of the largest IPOs ever made. The company's ] ticker symbol was '''TRB'''. Tribune's total operating revenues had grown to $2.2 billion in 1995. {{citation needed|date=January 2012}} In 1983, after 136 years of private ownership, Tribune became a publicly traded company with an ] (IPO) of 7.7 million shares valued at $206 million. The opening price per share was $26.75. At the time, it was one of the largest IPOs ever made. The company's ] ticker symbol was '''TRB'''. Tribune's total operating revenues had grown to $2.2 billion in 1995.{{citation needed|date=January 2012}}


Tribune's broadcasting subsidiary became a minority shareholder in the ], a new program service launched by the ] division of ]. All but a handful of Tribune's television stations became affiliates of the WB Network when it was launched in January 1995. During this period Tribune's TV station holdings grew, nearly tripling in number from eight in 1995 to 23 as of 2012. The reverse occurred in radio, as Tribune sold all of its radio properties with the exception of WGN in Chicago. Tribune's partnership in the WB Network ended in 2006 when it was merged with ]-owned ]. The result was ], jointly owned by CBS and Time Warner and affiliated with several Tribune-owned stations; Tribune does not own any portion of the network. Tribune's broadcasting subsidiary became a minority shareholder in ], a broadcast television network that was launched in partnership with the ] division of ]. Most of Tribune's television stations became affiliates of The WB when it launched on January 11, 1995 (with the exception of Atlanta station WGNX, now ]-owned ], which joined ] in December 1994 after longtime CBS affiliate ] ] to ]). During this period, Tribune's television station holdings grew, nearly tripling in number from eight in 1995 to 26 in 2004 (three of which were later sold off in 2006 to different owners) through various acquisitions, including its 1997 purchase of ]. The reverse occurred in radio, as Tribune sold all of its radio properties, with the exception of WGN (AM) in Chicago. Tribune's partnership in The WB ended in 2006, when it was shut down – along with ]-owned ] – to create ], which is jointly owned by CBS and Time Warner and is affiliated with several Tribune-owned stations;<ref>, '']'', January 24, 2006.</ref> Tribune does not maintain an ownership interest in the network.


Tribune's television stations and newspapers are complemented by several news and information websites. The sites are operated by Tribune Interactive, established in 1999. The group manages all aspects of the company's TV and newspaper sites, plus special-interest sites like ChicagoSports.com and many sites featuring local dining and entertainment information. Affiliated national-brand classified advertising sites, in which Tribune owns an equity interest, include ], ] and ]. Tribune's television stations and newspapers are complemented by several news and information websites. The sites are operated by Tribune Interactive, established in 1999. The group manages all aspects of the company's television and newspaper sites, plus special-interest sites like ChicagoSports.com and many sites featuring local dining and entertainment information. Affiliated national-brand classified advertising sites, in which Tribune owns an equity interest, include ], ] and ].


===Recent developments=== ===Recent developments===
On April 2, 2007, Chicago-based investor ] announced plans to buy out the media company for $34.00 a share, totalling $8.2 billion.<ref name=zell/> Zell's intentions were to turn the company private. The deal was approved by 97% of the company's shareholders on August 21, 2007.<ref>{{cite news | author = Desiree J. Hanford | title = Tribune Shareholders Back Zell's Takeover | url = http://www.nytimes.com/2007/08/22/business/media/22tribune.html | work = ] | date = 2007-08-21 | accessdate = 2007-12-21 | quote = At a special shareholder meeting held in the building that The Chicago Tribune calls home, the deal won support from 97 percent of votes cast...}}</ref> Privatization of the Tribune Company occurred on December 20, 2007 with termination of trading in Tribune stock at the close of the market.<ref>{{cite news | author = Dave Carpenter |agency=Associated Press | title = Tribune buyout, at $8.2 billion, closes in Chicago | url = http://www.delawareonline.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=/20071221/BUSINESS/712210329/1003/NLETTER01 | work = The News Journal | location = Wilmington, DE | date = 2007-12-21 | accessdate = 2007-12-21 | quote = Tribune Co.'s $8.2 billion buyout closed Thursday after an 8½-month wait to secure final approval and financing, taking the ailing newspaper and TV company private under the control of real estate billionaire Sam Zell. At closing, former Clear Channel CEO ] was named CEO of Interactive and Broadcasting. Michaels also oversees most of the Tribune papers. |archiveurl = http://web.archive.org/web/20071223090732/http://www.delawareonline.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=/20071221/BUSINESS/712210329/1003/NLETTER01 |archivedate = 2007-12-23}}</ref>
On April 2, 2007, Chicago-based investor ] announced plans to buy out the media company for $34.00 a share, totalling $8.2 billion.<ref name=zell/> Zell's intentions were to turn the company private. The deal was approved by 97% of the Company's shareholders on August 21, 2007.<ref>{{cite news
| author = Desiree J. Hanford
| title = Tribune Shareholders Back Zell's Takeover
| url = http://www.nytimes.com/2007/08/22/business/media/22tribune.html
| work = ]
| date = 2007-08-21
| accessdate = 2007-12-21
| quote = At a special shareholder meeting held in the building that The Chicago Tribune calls home, the deal won support from 97 percent of votes cast...
}}</ref> Privatization of the Tribune Company occurred on December 20, 2007 with termination of trading in Tribune stock at the close of the market.<ref>{{cite news
| author = Dave Carpenter |agency=Associated Press
| title = Tribune buyout, at $8.2 billion, closes in Chicago
| url = http://www.delawareonline.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=/20071221/BUSINESS/712210329/1003/NLETTER01
| work = The News Journal
| location = Wilmington, DE
| date = 2007-12-21
| accessdate = 2007-12-21
| quote = Tribune Co.'s $8.2 billion buyout closed Thursday after an 8½-month wait to secure final approval and financing, taking the ailing newspaper and TV company private under the control of real estate billionaire Sam Zell. At closing, former Clear Channel CEO ] was named CEO of Interactive and Broadcasting. Michaels also oversees most of the Tribune papers.
|archiveurl = http://web.archive.org/web/20071223090732/http://www.delawareonline.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=/20071221/BUSINESS/712210329/1003/NLETTER01 |archivedate = 2007-12-23}}</ref>


On December 21, 2007, Tribune and ]-controlled ] announced plans to collaborate in the formation of a "broadcast management company" (later named The Other Company).<ref>{{cite press release | title = Tribune and Local TV to Form Broadcast Management Company | publisher = Tribune Company | date = 2007-12-20 | accessdate = 2007-12-21 | url = http://www.tribune.com/pressroom/releases/2007/12212007.html | quote = Tribune Company and Local TV have entered into a letter of intent to create a third-party broadcast management company which will provide shared services to all of the stations Local TV and Tribune Company own, respectively.}}</ref> On January 31, 2008, Tribune Company announced it would purchase real estate leased from TMCT, LLC, which includes properties used by the ''Los Angeles Times'', ''Newsday'', ''Baltimore Sun'' and ''Hartford Courant''. The company received an option to purchase the real estate for $175 million through the 2006 restructuring of TMCT, LLC.
On December 21, 2007, Tribune and ] announced plans to collaborate in the formation of an as yet unnamed "broadcast management company".<ref>{{cite press release
| title = Tribune and Local TV to Form Broadcast Management Company
| publisher = Tribune Company
| date = 2007-12-20
| accessdate = 2007-12-21
| url = http://www.tribune.com/pressroom/releases/2007/12212007.html
| quote = Tribune Company and Local TV have entered into a letter of intent to create a third-party broadcast management company which will provide shared services to all of the stations Local TV and Tribune Company own, respectively.
}}</ref> On January 31, 2008, Tribune Company announced it will purchase real estate leased from TMCT, LLC, which includes properties used by the ''Los Angeles Times'', ''Newsday'', ''Baltimore Sun'' and ''Hartford Courant''. The company received an option to purchase the real estate for $175 million through the 2006 restructuring of TMCT, LLC.


In addition, Tribune announced the sale of ] and related real estate in Los Angeles to ], for $125 million. The parties also agreed to a five-year lease allowing KTLA-TV to continue operating at the location through 2012.<ref>{{cite press release In addition, Tribune announced the sale of Tribune Studios and related real estate in Los Angeles to ] ], for $125 million. The parties also agreed to a five-year lease allowing its television station in the city, KTLA, to continue operating at the location through 2012.<ref>{{cite press release | title = Tribune to Acquire Real Estate from TMCT Partnership | publisher = Tribune Company | date = 2008-01-31 | accessdate = 2007-12-21 | url = http://www.tribune.com/pressroom/releases/2008/01312008.html | quote = Tribune Company today announced it will purchase real estate leased from TMCT, LLC, which includes properties used by the ''Los Angeles Times'', ''Newsday'', ''Baltimore Sun'' and ''Hartford Courant''. The company received an option to purchase the real estate for $175 million through the 2006 restructuring of TMCT, LLC.}}</ref>
| title = Tribune to Acquire Real Estate from TMCT Partnership
| publisher = Tribune Company
| date = 2008-01-31
| accessdate = 2007-12-21
| url = http://www.tribune.com/pressroom/releases/2008/01312008.html
| quote = Tribune Company today announced it will purchase real estate leased from TMCT, LLC, which includes properties used by the ''Los Angeles Times'', ''Newsday'', ''Baltimore Sun'' and ''Hartford Courant''. The company received an option to purchase the real estate for $175 million through the 2006 restructuring of TMCT, LLC.
}}</ref>


On February 4, 2008, Tribune Company today named broadcast veteran Ed Wilson as president of Tribune Broadcasting, overseeing the company's 23 television stations, Superstation WGN, Tribune Entertainment, and WGN Radio. His appointment is effective February 11.<ref>{{cite press release On February 4, 2008, Tribune Company named broadcast veteran Ed Wilson as president of Tribune Broadcasting, overseeing the company's 23 television stations, Superstation WGN, Tribune Entertainment and WGN Radio; Wilson joined the company on February 11.<ref>{{cite press release | title = Ed Wilson Named President of Tribune Broadcasting. | publisher = Tribune Company | date = 2008-02-04 | accessdate = 2007-12-21 | url = http://www.tribune.com/pressroom/releases/2008/02042008.html | quote = Tribune Company today named broadcast veteran ] as president of Tribune Broadcasting, overseeing the company's 23 television stations, Superstation WGN, Tribune Entertainment, and WGN Radio. His appointment is effective February 11.}}</ref>
| title = Ed Wilson Named President of Tribune Broadcasting.
| publisher = Tribune Company
| date = 2008-02-04
| accessdate = 2007-12-21
| url = http://www.tribune.com/pressroom/releases/2008/02042008.html
| quote = Tribune Company today named broadcast veteran ] as president of Tribune Broadcasting, overseeing the company's 23 television stations, Superstation WGN, Tribune Entertainment, and WGN Radio. His appointment is effective February 11.
}}</ref>


On April 28, 2008, Tribune completed an acquisition of real estate from TMCT Partnership.<ref>{{cite press release | title = Tribune Completes Acquisition of Real Estate from TMCT Partnership. | publisher = Tribune Company | date = 2008-04-28 | accessdate = 2007-12-21 | url = http://www.tribune.com/pressroom/releases/2008/04282008.html.html | quote = Tribune Completes Acquisition of Real Estate from TMCT Partnership.}}</ref> On July 29, 2008, ] completed its purchase of ''Newsday'' from Tribune.<ref>{{cite press release | title = Cablevision Completes Newsday Buy from Tribune. | work = Broadcasting and Cable | date = 2008-04-28 | accessdate = 2007-12-21 | url = http://www.broadcastingcable.com/article/CA6582623.html | quote = Tribune Completes Acquisition of Real Estate from TMCT Partnership.}}</ref>
On April 28, 2008, Tribune completed an acquisition of real estate from TMCT Partnership.<ref>{{cite press release
| title = Tribune Completes Acquisition of Real Estate from TMCT Partnership.
| publisher = Tribune Company
| date = 2008-04-28
| accessdate = 2007-12-21
| url = http://www.tribune.com/pressroom/releases/2008/04282008.html.html
| quote = Tribune Completes Acquisition of Real Estate from TMCT Partnership.
}}</ref>


On September 8, 2008, ] lost (and later the same day almost regained) $1 billion in market value when an archived ''Chicago Tribune'' article from 2002 about United filing for bankruptcy appeared in the "most viewed" category on the '']''<nowiki>'</nowiki>s website. ] index's next pass found the link as new news. Income Security Advisors found the Google result to be new news, which was passed along to ] where it became a headline (Tribune, which owns both papers, noted that one click on a story in non-peak hours could flag an article as "most viewed".<ref name=Helft>{{cite news|author=Helft, Miguel|title=How a Series of Mistakes Hurt Shares of United|url=http://www.nytimes.com/2008/09/15/technology/15google.html|work=] |accessdate=2008-09-15 | date=September 15, 2008}}</ref>).
On July 29, 2008, Cablevision completed a purchase of ''Newsday'' from Tribune.<ref>{{cite press release
| title = Cablevision Completes Newsday Buy from Tribune.
| work = Broadcasting and Cable
| date = 2008-04-28
| accessdate = 2007-12-21
| url = http://www.broadcastingcable.com/article/CA6582623.html
| quote = Tribune Completes Acquisition of Real Estate from TMCT Partnership.
}}</ref>


On December 8, 2008, faced with a high debt load related to the company going private and a sharp downturn in newspaper advertising revenue, Tribune filed for ].<ref> ''Chicago Breaking News''. Retrieved December 8, 2008.</ref> Company plans originally called for it to emerge from bankruptcy by May 31, 2010,<ref>, 2009-11-14</ref> but the company would end up in protracted bankruptcy proceedings for another four years. With the company's overall debt totaling $13 billion, it was the largest bankruptcy in the history of the American media industry.<ref name=zell>{{cite news |author=] |title=At Flagging Tribune, Tales of a Bankrupt Culture |url=http://www.nytimes.com/2010/10/06/business/media/06tribune.html |quote=Less than a year after Mr. Zell bought the company, it tipped into bankruptcy, listing $7.6 billion in assets against a debt of $13 billion, making it the largest bankruptcy in the history of the American media industry. |work=] |date=October 5, 2010 |accessdate=2010-10-06 }}</ref>
On September 8, 2008, ] lost (and later the same day almost regained) $1 billion in market value when an archived ''Chicago Tribune'' article from 2002 about United filing for bankruptcy appeared in the "most viewed" category on the website of the '']''. ] index's next pass found the link as new news. Income Security Advisors found the Google result to be new news, which was passed along to ] where it became a headline. (Tribune Company, which owns both papers, noted that one click on a story in non-peak hours could flag an article as "most viewed".<ref name=Helft>{{cite news|author=Helft, Miguel|title=How a Series of Mistakes Hurt Shares of United|url=http://www.nytimes.com/2008/09/15/technology/15google.html|work=] |accessdate=2008-09-15 | date=September 15, 2008}}</ref>)


On October 27, 2009, ] purchased a majority ownership (95%) of the Chicago Cubs. The sale also included Wrigley Field and a 25 percent ownership stake in ], as part of a deal designed to help Tribune restructure.<ref>{{cite web|author=October 27, 2009 8:59 AM |url=http://www.chicagobreakingsports.com/2009/10/cubs-sale-to-ricketts-is-complete.html |title=Cubs sale to Ricketts is complete |publisher=Chicagobreakingsports.com |date=2009-10-27 |accessdate=2012-01-08}}</ref> In October 2010, ], who was made CEO after Zell's purchase of the company, was removed and replaced by an executive council. The '']'' had reported earlier in the month about his "outlandish, often sexual behavior" that he also exercised in his previous job at ].<ref>{{cite news | title = Tribune Chief Accepts Advice and Backs Out | work = The New York Times | date = 2010-10-22 | accessdate = 2011-10-24 | url = http://www.nytimes.com/2010/10/23/business/media/23tribune.html}}</ref><ref>"Right of the Dial", 2008; ISBN 0-571-21106-2</ref>
On December 8, 2008, faced with high debts related to the company going private, Tribune filed for ].<ref> ''Chicago Breaking News''. Retrieved December 8, 2008.</ref> Company plans call for it to emerge from bankruptcy on May 31, 2010.<ref>, 2009-11-14</ref> It was the largest bankruptcy in the history of the American media industry.<ref name=zell>{{cite news |author=] |title=At Flagging Tribune, Tales of a Bankrupt Culture |url=http://www.nytimes.com/2010/10/06/business/media/06tribune.html |quote=Less than a year after Mr. Zell bought the company, it tipped into bankruptcy, listing $7.6 billion in assets against a debt of $13 billion, making it the largest bankruptcy in the history of the American media industry. |work=] |date=October 5, 2010 |accessdate=2010-10-06 }}</ref>


On July 13, 2012, Tribune Company received approval of a reorganization plan to allow the company to emerge from Chapter 11 bankruptcy protection in a ] ]. ], ] and ], which are the company's senior debt holders, assumed control of Tribune's properties upon the company's exit from bankruptcy on December 31, 2012.<ref>, ''TVNewsCheck'', Associated Press, July 13, 2012</ref><ref name=ct-finallyemerging>{{cite news|last=Channick|first=Robert|title=Tribune Co. to emerge from bankruptcy Monday|url=http://www.chicagotribune.com/news/local/breaking/chi-a-new-era-dawning-for-tribune-co-20121230,0,2026865.story|accessdate=December 31, 2012|newspaper=]|date=December 30, 2012}}</ref>
On October 27, 2009, ] purchased a majority (95 percent) ownership of the Chicago Cubs. The sale also included Wrigley Field and a 25 percent ownership stake of ], as part of a deal designed to help Tribune restructure.<ref>{{cite web|author=October 27, 2009 8:59 AM |url=http://www.chicagobreakingsports.com/2009/10/cubs-sale-to-ricketts-is-complete.html |title=Cubs sale to Ricketts is complete |publisher=Chicagobreakingsports.com |date=2009-10-27 |accessdate=2012-01-08}}</ref>


On February 26, 2013, it was reported that Tribune hired investment firms ] and ] to oversee the sale of its newspapers.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.bizjournals.com/baltimore/news/2013/02/26/baltimore-sun-owner-tribune-to-begin.html|title=Baltimore Sun owner Tribune to begin selling newspaper assets, report says|first=Sarah|last=Meehan|work=Baltimore Business Journal|date=February 26, 2013|accessdate=February 26, 2013}}</ref> On July 1, 2013, Tribune announced that it would purchase the 19 stations owned by ] outright for $2.75 billion.<ref name=tribune-localtv>{{cite news|title=Acquisition to make Tribune Co. largest U.S. TV station operator|url=http://www.chicagotribune.com/business/breaking/chi-tribune-buying-local-tv-20130701,0,3402241.story|work=Chicago Tribune|accessdate=July 1, 2013}}</ref>
In October 2010, ], who was made CEO after Zell's purchase of the company, was removed and replaced by an executive council. The '']'' had reported earlier in the month about his "outlandish, often sexual behavior"; that he also exercised in his previous job at ].<ref>{{cite news
| title = Tribune Chief Accepts Advice and Backs Out
| work = The New York Times
| date = 2010-10-22
| accessdate = 2011-10-24
| url = http://www.nytimes.com/2010/10/23/business/media/23tribune.html
}}</ref><ref>"Right of the Dial", 2008; ISBN 0-571-21106-2</ref>


On July 10, 2013, Tribune announced that it would split into two companies, ] the newspapers that are part of its ] into the Tribune Publishing Company. Its broadcasting, digital media and other assets (including ], which among others, provides news and features content for Tribune's newspapers) would remain with the Tribune Company.<ref name=NewYorkTimes>{{cite news|title=Tribune Co. to Split in Two|url=http://www.nytimes.com/2013/07/11/business/media/tribune-co-to-split-in-two.html?_r=0|work=New York Times|accessdate=July 10, 2013}}</ref>
On July 13, 2012, Tribune Company received approval of a reorganization plan to allow the company to emerge from a Chapter 11 bankruptcy protection in a ] ]. ], ] and ], which are the company's senior debt holders, will assume control of Tribune's properties. The company is in the process of transferring ownership of the Tribune Broadcasting broadcast television and radio station licenses to the investment groups that now operate the company, pending approval from the ].<ref>, ''TVNewsCheck'', Associated Press, July 13, 2012</ref> Tribune emerged from bankruptcy under new ownership on December 31, 2012.<ref name=ct-finallyemerging>{{cite news|last=Channick|first=Robert|title=Tribune Co. to emerge from bankruptcy Monday|url=http://www.chicagotribune.com/news/local/breaking/chi-a-new-era-dawning-for-tribune-co-20121230,0,2026865.story|accessdate=December 31, 2012|newspaper=]|date=December 30, 2012}}</ref>

On February 26, 2013, it was reported that Tribune has hired investment bankers ] and ] to oversee the sale of '']'' and its eight other newspapers.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.bizjournals.com/baltimore/news/2013/02/26/baltimore-sun-owner-tribune-to-begin.html|title=Baltimore Sun owner Tribune to begin selling newspaper assets, report says|first=Sarah|last=Meehan|work=Baltimore Business Journal|date=February 26, 2013|accessdate=February 26, 2013}}</ref>

On July 1, 2013, Tribune announced that it would purchase the 19 stations owned by ] outright for $2.75 billion.<ref name=tribune-localtv>{{cite news|title=Acquisition to make Tribune Co. largest U.S. TV station operator|url=http://www.chicagotribune.com/business/breaking/chi-tribune-buying-local-tv-20130701,0,3402241.story|work=Chicago Tribune|accessdate=July 1, 2013}}</ref>

On July 10, 2013, Tribune announced that it would split into two companies, spinning off its newspapers into Tribune Publishing Company. Its broadcasting properties would remain together with other assets in the Tribune Company.<ref name=NewYorkTimes>{{cite news|title=Tribune Co. to Split in Two|url=http://www.nytimes.com/2013/07/11/business/media/tribune-co-to-split-in-two.html?_r=0|work=New York Times|accessdate=July 10, 2013}}</ref>


==Assets== ==Assets==
{{Unreferenced section|date=July 2012}} {{Unreferenced section|date=July 2012}}

===Print media=== ===Print media===
English-language newspapers: English-language newspapers:
Line 172: Line 99:
* '']'', ] * '']'', ]
* '']'', ] * '']'', ]
* '']'', ] * '']'', ]
* '']'', ] * '']'', ]
* '']'' and '']'', ] * '']'' and '']'', ]
Line 190: Line 117:
* ] (regional cable news channel) * ] (regional cable news channel)
* ] (30%, with Scripps Networks Interactive) * ] (30%, with Scripps Networks Interactive)
* ] (national cable ] feed of Chicago ] ])


===Digital assets=== ===Digital assets===
Note: This list is partial Note: This list is partial.


{| class="wikitable" {| class="wikitable"
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! Link ! Link
! ] ! ]
|-
| ]
|
| Wholly owned
|- |-
| ] | ]
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| ] and ] | ] and ]
|- |-
| ] | ]
| |
| Wholly owned
| ] and ]
|- |-
| GreatDealsInMyCity.com | GreatDealsInMyCity.com
| |
| Wholly owned | Wholly owned
|-
| ]
|
| Gannett
|-
| ]
|
| ] and Gannett
|} |}


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* *
* according to the ] * according to the ]
* {{cite web | url = http://www.niemanlab.org/encyclo/tribune-company/ | title = Tribune Company | author = Nieman Journalism Lab | work = Encyclo: an encyclopedia of the future of news | accessdate = 1 April 2012}}
* {{cite web
| url = http://www.niemanlab.org/encyclo/tribune-company/
| title = Tribune Company
| author = Nieman Journalism Lab
| work = Encyclo: an encyclopedia of the future of news
| accessdate = 1 April 2012
}}


{{Navboxes|list1= {{Navboxes|list1=

Revision as of 17:17, 20 July 2013

Tribune Company
Company typePrivate
IndustryNews, entertainment, broadcasting
Founded1847
HeadquartersChicago, Illinois
Key peoplePeter Liguori, President/CEO
ProductsTelevision, newspapers, radio, television production
RevenueIncrease US$3.18 billion (FY 2010)
OwnerOaktree Capital (23%)
Angelo, Gordon & Co. (9%)
JPMorgan Chase & Co. (9%)
(corporate employees hold the remaining 48% ownership interest)
Number of employees14,000
WebsiteTribune.com
The Tribune Tower on Michigan Avenue in downtown Chicago is the headquarters of the Tribune Company.

The Tribune Company is an American multimedia corporation based in Chicago, Illinois. Although majority owned (48%) by its corporate employees, Tribune is jointly controlled by the company's three senior debt holders: Oaktree Capital Management (which owns a 23% interest), Angelo, Gordon & Co. and JPMorgan Chase (which both own 9%).

It is the nation's second-largest newspaper publisher (behind the Gannett Company), with ten daily newspapers and several commuter tabloids including the Chicago Tribune, Los Angeles Times, Orlando Sentinel, Sun-Sentinel and the Baltimore Sun. Through Tribune Broadcasting, the company owns 23 television stations, national cable superstation WGN America, regional cable news channel Chicagoland Television (CLTV) and Chicago's WGN radio. Investment interests include Food Network (which the company maintains a 31% ownership interest).

Tribune Digital Ventures, another subsidiary, manages the interactive operations of major daily newspapers such as the Chicago Tribune and Los Angeles Times and their associated websites. Its national network sites owned with partners include CareerBuilder.com, Cars.com, Apartments.com and Topix.net. Its Tribune Media Services division provides syndicated content to print and electronic media. Key company investment interests include CareerBuilder (30.8% owned), Classified Ventures (28%) and Topix.com (34%).

Early history

Print pioneer

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The Tribune Company was founded in 1847; that year, on June 10, the Chicago Tribune (for which the company is named after) published its first edition in a one-room plant located at LaSalle and Lake Streets. The original press run consisted of 400 copies printed on a hand press. The Tribune constructed its first building, a four-story structure at Dearborn and Madison Streets, in 1869. In October 1871, the Great Chicago Fire destroyed the building, along with most of the city. The Tribune printed its first edition since the disaster two days later with an editorial declaring "Chicago Shall Rise Again." The newspaper's editor and part-owner, Joseph Medill, was elected mayor and led the city's reconstruction. A native Ohioan who first acquired an interest in the Tribune in 1855, Medill gained full control of the newspaper in 1874 and ran it until his death in 1899.

Medill's two grandsons, cousins Robert R. McCormick and Joseph Medill Patterson, assumed leadership of the company in 1911. That same year, the Chicago Tribune's first newsprint mill opened in Thorold, Ontario, Canada. The mill marked the beginnings of the Canadian newsprint producer later known as QUNO, in which Tribune held an investment interest until 1995.

The Chicago Tribune-New York News Syndicate was formed in 1918, leading to Joseph Patterson's establishment of the company's second newspaper, the New York Daily News on June 26, 1919. Tribune's ownership of the New York City tabloid was considered "interlocking" due to an agreement between McCormick and Patterson. In the wake of a dispute with some of its labor unions, the Daily News was sold to British businessman Robert Maxwell in 1991.

In 1925, the company completed its new headquarters and one of Chicago's first "skyscrapers", the Tribune Tower. In the 1960s, the company entered the fast-growing Florida market, acquiring the Fort Lauderdale-based Sun-Sentinel in 1963 and the Orlando Sentinel in 1965. The Daily Press in Newport News, Virginia, joined Tribune's newspaper group in 1986.

In 1973, the company began sharing stories among 25 subscribers via the newly formed news service, the Knight News Wire. By 1990, this service was known as KRT (Knight-Ridder/Tribune) and provided graphics, photo and news content to its member newspapers. When The McClatchy Company purchased Knight-Ridder Inc. in 2006, KRT became MCT (McClatchy-Tribune Information Services), which is jointly owned by the Tribune Company and McClatchy.

In June 2000, the Los Angeles-based Times Mirror Company merged with Tribune, effectively doubling the size of Tribune's newspaper holdings. The $8.3 billion transaction was the largest acquisition in the history of the newspaper industry. The Times Mirror merger added seven daily newspapers to the Tribune group, including the Los Angeles Times, the Long Island-based Newsday, The Baltimore Sun and the Hartford Courant. Tribune became the only media company that owned both newspapers and television stations in the three largest media markets of New York City, Los Angeles and Chicago. Among other advantages from the merger, including various economies of scale, Tribune's newspapers could now effectively compete for national advertising. Tribune Media Net, the national advertising sales organization of Tribune Publishing, was established in 2000 to take advantage of the company's expanded scale and scope. By 2002, revenues had grown to $5 billion.

Tribune also launched daily newspapers targeting urban commuters, including the Chicago Tribune's RedEye edition in 2002, followed by an investment in AM New York one year later. In 2006, Tribune acquired the minority equity interest in AM New York, giving it full ownership of the newspaper. The company sold both Newsday and AM New York to Cablevision Systems Corporation in 2008.

Move into broadcasting

Main article: Tribune Broadcasting
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The company entered broadcasting in 1924 by purchasing WDAP, one of Chicago's first radio stations. Tribune later changed the station's call letters to WGN, reflecting the Tribune's slogan, "World's Greatest Newspaper." WGN radio was first to broadcast the World Series, the Indianapolis 500 and the Kentucky Derby, and introduced microphones in the courtroom during the 1925 Scopes "monkey trial" in Tennessee.

Tribune moved into the television industry, then in its infancy, in 1948, with the establishments of WGN-TV in Chicago in April and WPIX in New York City in June of that year. These stations became the foundation for Tribune Broadcasting, which today is one of the country's largest independent television station groups. In October 1978, WGN-TV became one of the first national "superstations", when Tulsa, Oklahoma-based United Video Satellite Group uplinked its signal via satellite to cable systems across the United States. The present-day cable version of the Chicago station, known as WGN America, reaches approximately 60 million U.S. homes outside of the Chicago market through cable and direct broadcast satellite.

In the early 1980s, Tribune Broadcasting expanded its broadcast holdings, and moved into television production and syndication through the formation of its Tribune Entertainment subsidiary. Programs either produced or distributed by Tribune Entertainment have included U.S. Farm Report, Independent Network News, Soul Train, and Geraldo. Tribune Entertainment was shut down in 2007. Tribune later announced its return to television production on March 19, 2013, with the relaunch of the production and distribution division as Tribune Studios (not to be confused with the former name of Los Angeles studio facility Sunset Bronson Studios, which Tribune sold in 2008).

In 1993, the company launched Chicagoland Television (CLTV), the Chicago area's first 24-hour cable news channel; CLTV utilizes the resources of both the Chicago Tribune and WGN-TV. Tribune is also a minority owner (holding a 30% stake) in the Food Network, along with majority partner Scripps Networks Interactive.

Later expansion

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In 1981, Tribune acquired the Chicago Cubs baseball team and its stadium, Wrigley Field, from the Wrigley family for $20.5 million. The WGN stations in Chicago had maintained a long relationship with the team, and the company's acquisition of the Cubs further cemented the partnership.

In 1983, after 136 years of private ownership, Tribune became a publicly traded company with an initial public offering (IPO) of 7.7 million shares valued at $206 million. The opening price per share was $26.75. At the time, it was one of the largest IPOs ever made. The company's New York Stock Exchange ticker symbol was TRB. Tribune's total operating revenues had grown to $2.2 billion in 1995.

Tribune's broadcasting subsidiary became a minority shareholder in The WB Television Network, a broadcast television network that was launched in partnership with the Warner Bros. Entertainment division of Time Warner. Most of Tribune's television stations became affiliates of The WB when it launched on January 11, 1995 (with the exception of Atlanta station WGNX, now Meredith Corporation-owned WGCL-TV, which joined CBS in December 1994 after longtime CBS affiliate WAGA-TV switched to Fox). During this period, Tribune's television station holdings grew, nearly tripling in number from eight in 1995 to 26 in 2004 (three of which were later sold off in 2006 to different owners) through various acquisitions, including its 1997 purchase of Renaissance Broadcasting. The reverse occurred in radio, as Tribune sold all of its radio properties, with the exception of WGN (AM) in Chicago. Tribune's partnership in The WB ended in 2006, when it was shut down – along with CBS-owned UPN – to create The CW Television Network, which is jointly owned by CBS and Time Warner and is affiliated with several Tribune-owned stations; Tribune does not maintain an ownership interest in the network.

Tribune's television stations and newspapers are complemented by several news and information websites. The sites are operated by Tribune Interactive, established in 1999. The group manages all aspects of the company's television and newspaper sites, plus special-interest sites like ChicagoSports.com and many sites featuring local dining and entertainment information. Affiliated national-brand classified advertising sites, in which Tribune owns an equity interest, include CareerBuilder, cars.com and apartments.com.

Recent developments

On April 2, 2007, Chicago-based investor Sam Zell announced plans to buy out the media company for $34.00 a share, totalling $8.2 billion. Zell's intentions were to turn the company private. The deal was approved by 97% of the company's shareholders on August 21, 2007. Privatization of the Tribune Company occurred on December 20, 2007 with termination of trading in Tribune stock at the close of the market.

On December 21, 2007, Tribune and Oak Hill Capital Partners-controlled Local TV, LLC announced plans to collaborate in the formation of a "broadcast management company" (later named The Other Company). On January 31, 2008, Tribune Company announced it would purchase real estate leased from TMCT, LLC, which includes properties used by the Los Angeles Times, Newsday, Baltimore Sun and Hartford Courant. The company received an option to purchase the real estate for $175 million through the 2006 restructuring of TMCT, LLC.

In addition, Tribune announced the sale of Tribune Studios and related real estate in Los Angeles to private equity firm Hudson Capital, LLC, for $125 million. The parties also agreed to a five-year lease allowing its television station in the city, KTLA, to continue operating at the location through 2012.

On February 4, 2008, Tribune Company named broadcast veteran Ed Wilson as president of Tribune Broadcasting, overseeing the company's 23 television stations, Superstation WGN, Tribune Entertainment and WGN Radio; Wilson joined the company on February 11.

On April 28, 2008, Tribune completed an acquisition of real estate from TMCT Partnership. On July 29, 2008, Cablevision Systems Corporation completed its purchase of Newsday from Tribune.

On September 8, 2008, United Airlines lost (and later the same day almost regained) $1 billion in market value when an archived Chicago Tribune article from 2002 about United filing for bankruptcy appeared in the "most viewed" category on the South Florida Sun-Sentinel's website. Google News index's next pass found the link as new news. Income Security Advisors found the Google result to be new news, which was passed along to Bloomberg News where it became a headline (Tribune, which owns both papers, noted that one click on a story in non-peak hours could flag an article as "most viewed".).

On December 8, 2008, faced with a high debt load related to the company going private and a sharp downturn in newspaper advertising revenue, Tribune filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy protection. Company plans originally called for it to emerge from bankruptcy by May 31, 2010, but the company would end up in protracted bankruptcy proceedings for another four years. With the company's overall debt totaling $13 billion, it was the largest bankruptcy in the history of the American media industry.

On October 27, 2009, Thomas S. Ricketts purchased a majority ownership (95%) of the Chicago Cubs. The sale also included Wrigley Field and a 25 percent ownership stake in Comcast SportsNet Chicago, as part of a deal designed to help Tribune restructure. In October 2010, Randy Michaels, who was made CEO after Zell's purchase of the company, was removed and replaced by an executive council. The New York Times had reported earlier in the month about his "outlandish, often sexual behavior" that he also exercised in his previous job at Clear Channel Communications.

On July 13, 2012, Tribune Company received approval of a reorganization plan to allow the company to emerge from Chapter 11 bankruptcy protection in a Delaware bankruptcy court. Oaktree Capital Management, JPMorgan Chase and Angelo, Gordon & Co., which are the company's senior debt holders, assumed control of Tribune's properties upon the company's exit from bankruptcy on December 31, 2012.

On February 26, 2013, it was reported that Tribune hired investment firms Evercore Partners and J.P. Morgan to oversee the sale of its newspapers. On July 1, 2013, Tribune announced that it would purchase the 19 stations owned by Local TV, LLC outright for $2.75 billion.

On July 10, 2013, Tribune announced that it would split into two companies, spinning off the newspapers that are part of its publishing division into the Tribune Publishing Company. Its broadcasting, digital media and other assets (including Tribune Media Services, which among others, provides news and features content for Tribune's newspapers) would remain with the Tribune Company.

Assets

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Print media

English-language newspapers:

Spanish-language newspapers:

Broadcast media

For a complete list of the company's past and present broadcast holdings, please see Tribune Broadcasting.

Cable television

Digital assets

Note: This list is partial.

Website Link Affiliates
CareerBuilder CareerBuilder.com McClatchy and Gannett
Forsalebyowner.com ForSalebyowner.com Wholly owned
GreatDealsInMyCity.com GreatDealsInMyCity.com Wholly owned
Metromix Metromix.com Gannett
Topix.net Topix.net McClatchy and Gannett

See also

References

  1. "Newspaper Chain Agrees to a Sale for $4.5 Billion", New York Times
  2. "Tribune called on to sell L.A. Times". CNN. September 18, 2006. Retrieved July 20, 2012.
  3. Tribune Re-Launching Studio With Matt Cherniss at Helm, Broadcasting & Cable, March 19, 2013.
  4. UPN and WB to Combine, Forming New TV Network, The New York Times, January 24, 2006.
  5. ^ David Carr (October 5, 2010). "At Flagging Tribune, Tales of a Bankrupt Culture". The New York Times. Retrieved 2010-10-06. Less than a year after Mr. Zell bought the company, it tipped into bankruptcy, listing $7.6 billion in assets against a debt of $13 billion, making it the largest bankruptcy in the history of the American media industry.
  6. Desiree J. Hanford (2007-08-21). "Tribune Shareholders Back Zell's Takeover". The New York Times. Retrieved 2007-12-21. At a special shareholder meeting held in the building that The Chicago Tribune calls home, the deal won support from 97 percent of votes cast...
  7. Dave Carpenter (2007-12-21). "Tribune buyout, at $8.2 billion, closes in Chicago". The News Journal. Wilmington, DE. Associated Press. Archived from the original on 2007-12-23. Retrieved 2007-12-21. Tribune Co.'s $8.2 billion buyout closed Thursday after an 8½-month wait to secure final approval and financing, taking the ailing newspaper and TV company private under the control of real estate billionaire Sam Zell. At closing, former Clear Channel CEO Randy Michaels was named CEO of Interactive and Broadcasting. Michaels also oversees most of the Tribune papers.
  8. "Tribune and Local TV to Form Broadcast Management Company" (Press release). Tribune Company. 2007-12-20. Retrieved 2007-12-21. Tribune Company and Local TV have entered into a letter of intent to create a third-party broadcast management company which will provide shared services to all of the stations Local TV and Tribune Company own, respectively.
  9. "Tribune to Acquire Real Estate from TMCT Partnership" (Press release). Tribune Company. 2008-01-31. Retrieved 2007-12-21. Tribune Company today announced it will purchase real estate leased from TMCT, LLC, which includes properties used by the Los Angeles Times, Newsday, Baltimore Sun and Hartford Courant. The company received an option to purchase the real estate for $175 million through the 2006 restructuring of TMCT, LLC.
  10. "Ed Wilson Named President of Tribune Broadcasting" (Press release). Tribune Company. 2008-02-04. Retrieved 2007-12-21. Tribune Company today named broadcast veteran Ed Wilson as president of Tribune Broadcasting, overseeing the company's 23 television stations, Superstation WGN, Tribune Entertainment, and WGN Radio. His appointment is effective February 11.
  11. "Tribune Completes Acquisition of Real Estate from TMCT Partnership" (Press release). Tribune Company. 2008-04-28. Retrieved 2007-12-21. Tribune Completes Acquisition of Real Estate from TMCT Partnership.
  12. "Cablevision Completes Newsday Buy from Tribune". Broadcasting and Cable (Press release). 2008-04-28. Retrieved 2007-12-21. Tribune Completes Acquisition of Real Estate from TMCT Partnership.
  13. Helft, Miguel (September 15, 2008). "How a Series of Mistakes Hurt Shares of United". The New York Times. Retrieved 2008-09-15.
  14. Tribune files for bankruptcy Chicago Breaking News. Retrieved December 8, 2008.
  15. LA Times article, 2009-11-14
  16. October 27, 2009 8:59 AM (2009-10-27). "Cubs sale to Ricketts is complete". Chicagobreakingsports.com. Retrieved 2012-01-08.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  17. "Tribune Chief Accepts Advice and Backs Out". The New York Times. 2010-10-22. Retrieved 2011-10-24.
  18. "Right of the Dial", 2008; ISBN 0-571-21106-2
  19. Bankruptcy-Exit Plan Gets OK, TVNewsCheck, Associated Press, July 13, 2012
  20. Channick, Robert (December 30, 2012). "Tribune Co. to emerge from bankruptcy Monday". Chicago Tribune. Retrieved December 31, 2012.
  21. Meehan, Sarah (February 26, 2013). "Baltimore Sun owner Tribune to begin selling newspaper assets, report says". Baltimore Business Journal. Retrieved February 26, 2013.
  22. "Acquisition to make Tribune Co. largest U.S. TV station operator". Chicago Tribune. Retrieved July 1, 2013.
  23. "Tribune Co. to Split in Two". New York Times. Retrieved July 10, 2013.

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